Physical Monitoring and Healthy Controlling of Geotechnical Engineering

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Geotechnical engineering has been closely involved with numerous multi-scale activities throughout human history. Recently, the role of geotechnical engineering is becoming more important in many fields including mining, tunnelling, roads, railways, slopes, buildings, bridges, foundations, and (tailing) dams, with global economic development, the increase in infrastructure facilities, and the increasing demand for safety. Due to the increasing amount and complexity of current geotechnical engineering, the effective physical monitoring and healthy control are, however, gradually becoming challenging topics for the application, running, and maintenance of geotechnical engineering. It is necessary to interpret the physical status of geotechnical engineering sites by co-operating with different monitoring approaches and to then perform effective control measures to prevent possible engineering-induced disasters. This research topic aims to provide a stage for novel research and new advances for monitoring and control in the field of geotechnical engineering. We welcome submissions from experts and scholars on the physical monitoring, disaster control, geomechanics and geophysics, induced seismicity, deformation of geomaterials, analogue modelling, numerical modelling, remote sensing applications, and intelligent geotechnical engineering. The areas to be covered in this research topic may include, but are not limited to: General Topics: 

• Physical monitoring in geotechnical engineering;
• Disaster control in geotechnical engineering;
• Geomechanics and geophysics;
• Induced seismicity;
• Deformation and failure of geomaterials;
• Physics and mechanics of geomaterials;
• Analog modelling in geotechnical engineering;
• Numerical modelling of geotechnical models;
• Intelligent geotechnical engineering;
• Healthy development of geotechnical engineering;
• Safety management in geotechnical engineering;
• Human–machine-environment system;
• Geotechnical sensors;
• Active and passive microwave remote sensing;
• Lidar and laser scanning;
• Geometric reconstruction;
• Physical modelling and signatures;
• Change detection;
• Image processing and pattern recognition;
• Operational processing facilities;
• Remote sensing applications.

Prof. Dr. Longjun Dong
Dr. Daoyuan Sun
Dr. Ju Ma
Dr. Weiwei Shu
Prof. Dr. Qiong Wu
Prof. Dr. Rui Yong
Dr. Kun Fang
Dr. Tao Wen
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ijerph	-	7.3	2004	25.8 Days	CHF 2500
Mathematics mathematics	2.3	4.0	2013	18.3 Days	CHF 2600
Remote Sensing remotesensing	4.2	8.3	2009	23.9 Days	CHF 2700
Safety safety	1.8	3.2	2015	29.7 Days	CHF 1800
Sustainability sustainability	3.3	6.8	2009	19.7 Days	CHF 2400

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Published Papers (13 papers)

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17 pages, 11944 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Methods for Assessing the Layered Structure of the Geological Environment in the Drilling Process by Analyzing Recorded Phase Geoelectric Signals

by Ainagul Abzhanova, Artem Bykov, Dmitry Surzhik, Aigul Mukhamejanova, Batyr Orazbayev and Anastasia Svirina

Mathematics 2024, 12(14), 2194; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12142194 - 12 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1168

Abstract

Assessment of the current state of the near-surface part of the geological environment and understanding of its layered structure play an important role in various scientific and applied fields. The presented work is devoted to the application of phasometric modifications of geoelectric control [...] Read more.

Assessment of the current state of the near-surface part of the geological environment and understanding of its layered structure play an important role in various scientific and applied fields. The presented work is devoted to the application of phasometric modifications of geoelectric control methods to solve the problem of the detailed complex study of the underground layers of the environment in the process of drilling operations with the use of special equipment. These studies are based on the analysis of variations in phase parameters and characteristics of an artificially excited multiphase electric field to assess poorly distinguishable details and changes in the layered structure of the medium. The proposed method has increased accuracy, sensitivity and noise proofness of measurements, which allows for extracting detailed information about the heterogeneity, composition and stratification of underground geological formations not only in the zone where the drill makes contact with the medium, but also in the entire control zone. This paper considers practical mathematical models of phase images for basic scenarios of drill penetration between the layers of the near-surface part of the geological medium with different characteristics, obtained by means of approximation apparatus based on continuous piecewise linear functions, and also suggests the use of modern machine learning methods for intelligent analysis of its structure. Studying the phase shifts in electrical signals during drilling highlights their value for understanding the dynamics of soil response to the process. The observed signal changes during the drilling cycle reveal in detail the heterogeneity in soil structure and its response to changes caused by drilling. The stability of phase shifts at the last stages of the process indicates a quasi-equilibrium state. The results make a significant contribution to geotechnical science by offering an improved approach to monitoring a layered structure without the need for deep drilling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Physical Monitoring and Healthy Controlling of Geotechnical Engineering)

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15 pages, 7415 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

An Improved Method for Calculating Wave Velocity Fields in Fractured Rock Based on Wave Propagation Probability

by Jing Zhou, Lang Liu, Yuan Zhao, Dengdeng Zhuang, Zhizhen Liu and Xuebin Qin

Mathematics 2024, 12(14), 2177; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12142177 - 11 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 728

Abstract

Ultrasonic velocity field imaging offers a robust tool for characterizing and analyzing damage and its evolution within fractured rock masses. The combined application of ultrasonic first arrival waves and coda waves can significantly enhance the accuracy and range of velocity field imaging. This [...] Read more.

Ultrasonic velocity field imaging offers a robust tool for characterizing and analyzing damage and its evolution within fractured rock masses. The combined application of ultrasonic first arrival waves and coda waves can significantly enhance the accuracy and range of velocity field imaging. This manuscript introduces an improved imaging method that integrates the propagation probability distribution of the first arrival and coda waves to calculate the velocity field. The proposed method was applied to the velocity field imaging of a medium with multiple scatterers and varying degrees of fracturing. The overall error and calculation unit error of the proposed method were analyzed, and its improvement in calculation accuracy and applicable scope was verified. Additionally, this method was employed to image the velocity field during the damage process of fractured rock masses. The imaging results were compared against digital speckle patterns to confirm the method’s suitability. Finally, we discussed the impact of measurement errors and sensor missing on the accuracy of the computational outcomes presented in this method. These two situations will affect the calculation results, and the influence of reducing the number of sensors is smaller than that of measuring time shifts with error. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Physical Monitoring and Healthy Controlling of Geotechnical Engineering)

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26 pages, 5902 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Reservoir Slope Stability Analysis under Dynamic Fluctuating Water Level Using Improved Radial Movement Optimisation (IRMO) Algorithm

by Liangxing Jin, Chunwa Luo, Junjie Wei and Pingting Liu

Mathematics 2024, 12(13), 2055; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12132055 - 30 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1252

Abstract

External water level fluctuation is the major trigger causing reservoir slope failure, and therefore it is of great significance for the safety assessment and corresponding safety management of reservoir slopes. In this work, the seepage effects stemming from fluctuating external water levels are [...] Read more.

External water level fluctuation is the major trigger causing reservoir slope failure, and therefore it is of great significance for the safety assessment and corresponding safety management of reservoir slopes. In this work, the seepage effects stemming from fluctuating external water levels are given special analysis and then incorporated into the rigorous limit equilibrium method for assessing the stability of reservoir slope. An advanced metaheuristic intelligent algorithm, the improved radial movement optimisation (IRMO), is introduced to efficiently locate the critical failure surface and associated minimum factor of safety. Consequently, the effect of water level fluctuation directions, changing rates, and soil permeability coefficient on reservoir stability are investigated by the proposed method in three cases. It is found that the clay slope behaved more sensitively in stability fluctuation compared to the silty slope. With the dropping of external water, the higher dropping speed and lower soil permeability coefficient have worse impacts on the slope stability. The critical pool level during reservoir water dropping could be effectively obtained through the analysis. The results indicate that the IRMO-based method herein could effectively realise the stability analysis of the reservoir slope in a dynamic fluctuating reservoir water level, which could provide applicable technology for following preventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Physical Monitoring and Healthy Controlling of Geotechnical Engineering)

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33 pages, 16165 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Quantitative Assessment of Bed-Separation Dynamic Development Caused by Inclined Coal Seam Longwall Mining

by Yaxing Li, Keming Yang, Xiangping Wei, Wei Tang and Kegui Jiang

Mathematics 2024, 12(13), 1960; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12131960 - 24 Jun 2024

Viewed by 793

Abstract

Coal mining under the Quaternary thick loose layer affects key strata breakage, Bed-separations development, ground subsidence, and other studies. This paper presents a method for solving the deflection of a large-deflection inclined thin plate under a thick loose-layer cover with additional lateral loads [...] Read more.

Coal mining under the Quaternary thick loose layer affects key strata breakage, Bed-separations development, ground subsidence, and other studies. This paper presents a method for solving the deflection of a large-deflection inclined thin plate under a thick loose-layer cover with additional lateral loads and midplane forces. The methods presented are based on the principle of large-deflection of thin-plate, energy method, and fracture mechanics theory. The 7225 work face in Anhui Province, China, was studied. Combined with the large-deflection inclined thin plate model, the initial breakage distance within the main roof plate was calculated to be 33 m with the initial breakage angle of 61.2°, and the period breakage distance was calculated to be 21 m with the period breakage angle of 55.4°. The distribution range of “Vertical Three Zones” from 7225 working face to the ground, including the height of the caved zone is 38.07 m, the height of the fractured zone is 41.13 m, and the height of the curved zone with the thick loose layer removed is 187.56 m. During the dynamic development of the principal key strata (PKS), the deflection value develops from 0 mm to 2714 mm with 7225 working face mining, and the maximum value of the spatial volume is 56,485 m³, which is verified by Three-dimensional Discrete Element Code (3DEC) numerical simulation. The dynamic development of Bed-separation within the overlying strata, with a maximum development height of 545.2 mm and a maximum volume of 11,228.1 m³ of the Bed-separation cavity. The dynamic development of the Bed-separation height and the cavity under different mining length and width conditions of the working face are also discussed. The large-deflection inclined thin plate model proposed in this paper effectively explores the dynamic deflection and fragmentation law of the overlying strata induced by the inclined working face of Longwall mining and provides a theoretical basis and computational model for quantitatively evaluating the dynamic development of the Bed-separation cavity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Physical Monitoring and Healthy Controlling of Geotechnical Engineering)

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18 pages, 15172 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Responses of U-Shaped Caverns under Transient Stress Waves in Deep Rock Engineering

by Lisha Liang, Xibing Li, Zhixiang Liu and Siyu Peng

Mathematics 2024, 12(12), 1836; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12121836 - 13 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1002

Abstract

Deep caverns are frequently subjected to transient loading, resulting in different failure characteristics in the surrounding rock compared to those in shallow caverns. Previous research has rarely focused on the transient responses of non-circular caverns. To address this gap, a theoretical solution for [...] Read more.

Deep caverns are frequently subjected to transient loading, resulting in different failure characteristics in the surrounding rock compared to those in shallow caverns. Previous research has rarely focused on the transient responses of non-circular caverns. To address this gap, a theoretical solution for the dynamic stress concentration factor around a U-shaped cavern under transient stress waves was derived based on elasto-dynamic theory and conformal mapping. The theoretical results were validated through simulations using the discrete element software PFC2D 7.0 (Particle Flow Code in two dimensions). Additionally, the energy evolution and failure pattern of the surrounding rock under coupled static–dynamic loading were investigated. The results indicated that, when the stress wave was horizontally incident, rockburst failure was more likely to be observed in the cavern floor, while dynamic tensile failure was prone to occur in the incident sidewall. Furthermore, when the incident direction of the stress wave aligned with the maximum principal stress, more violent rockburst occurred. Moreover, when the rising time of the stress wave was greater than 6.0 ms, the peak dynamic stress concentration factor converged to a stable value, and the surrounding rock could be considered to be in a quasi-static loading state. These findings provide insight into the failure mechanisms of deep caverns and could guide the design of cavern supporting structures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Physical Monitoring and Healthy Controlling of Geotechnical Engineering)

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16 pages, 6630 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Incident Orientation on the Dynamic Response of Deep U-Shaped Cavern Subjected to Transient Loading

by Lisha Liang, Xibing Li, Zhixiang Liu and Siyu Peng

Mathematics 2024, 12(12), 1786; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12121786 - 7 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 771

Abstract

In deep rock engineering, caverns are often disturbed by engineering loads from different directions. To investigate the dynamic response of deep U-shaped caverns under different incident orientations, a theoretical solution of the dynamic stress concentration factor along the cavern boundary was derived based [...] Read more.

In deep rock engineering, caverns are often disturbed by engineering loads from different directions. To investigate the dynamic response of deep U-shaped caverns under different incident orientations, a theoretical solution of the dynamic stress concentration factor along the cavern boundary was derived based on the wave function expansion and conformal mapping method, and the failure characteristics around the cavern were further investigated by PFC2D (Particle Flow Code in two dimensions). As the incident orientation increases from 0° to 90°, the dynamic compressive stress concentration area transforms from both the roof and the floor to the sidewalls, and the peak dynamic stress concentration factor of the roof decreases from 2.98 to −0.20. The failure of the floor converts from dynamic compression shear failure to dynamic tensile failure. Compared to a stress wave incident from the curved boundary, a stress wave incident from the flat boundary causes severer damage. When the stress wave is incident from the sidewall, the cavern with a larger height-to-width (h/w) ratio exhibits severer damage. Conversely, the cavern with a smaller h/w ratio tends to fail as the stress wave is incident from the floor. This paper provides a basic understanding of dynamic responses of the deep U-shaped cavern. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Physical Monitoring and Healthy Controlling of Geotechnical Engineering)

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24 pages, 11128 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Prediction of Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Soil–Cement Mixed Pile Composite Foundation Using SA-IRMO-BPNN Model

by Lin Xi, Liangxing Jin, Yujie Ji, Pingting Liu and Junjie Wei

Mathematics 2024, 12(11), 1701; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12111701 - 30 May 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1067

Abstract

The prediction of the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) of composite foundations represents a critical application of test monitoring data within the field of intelligent geotechnical engineering. This paper introduces an effective combinational prediction algorithm, namely SA-IRMO-BP. By integrating the Improved Radial Movement Optimization [...] Read more.

The prediction of the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) of composite foundations represents a critical application of test monitoring data within the field of intelligent geotechnical engineering. This paper introduces an effective combinational prediction algorithm, namely SA-IRMO-BP. By integrating the Improved Radial Movement Optimization (IRMO) algorithm with the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, we develop a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm (SA-IRMO) to optimize the built-in weights and thresholds of backpropagation neural networks (BPNN). Leveraging this integrated prediction algorithm, we forecast the UBC of soil–cement mixed (SCM) pile composite foundations, yielding the following performance metrics: RMSE = 3.4626, MAE = 2.2712, R = 0.9978, VAF = 99.4339. These metrics substantiate the superior predictive performance of the proposed model. Furthermore, we utilize two distinct datasets to validate the generalizability of the prediction model presented herein, which carries significant implications for the safety and stability of civil engineering projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Physical Monitoring and Healthy Controlling of Geotechnical Engineering)

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22 pages, 4917 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Height Prediction of Water-Conducting Fracture Zone in Jurassic Coalfield of Ordos Basin Based on Improved Radial Movement Optimization Algorithm Back-Propagation Neural Network

by Zhiyong Gao, Liangxing Jin, Pingting Liu and Junjie Wei

Mathematics 2024, 12(10), 1602; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12101602 - 20 May 2024

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1271

Abstract

The development height of the water-conducting fracture zone (WCFZ) is crucial for the safe production of coal mines. The back-propagation neural network (BP-NN) can be utilized to forecast the WCFZ height, aiding coal mines in water hazard prevention and control efforts. However, the [...] Read more.

The development height of the water-conducting fracture zone (WCFZ) is crucial for the safe production of coal mines. The back-propagation neural network (BP-NN) can be utilized to forecast the WCFZ height, aiding coal mines in water hazard prevention and control efforts. However, the stochastic generation of initial weights and thresholds in BP-NN usually leads to local optima, which might reduce the prediction accuracy. This study thus invokes the excellent global optimization capability of the Improved Radial Movement Optimization (IRMO) algorithm to optimize BP-NN. The influences of mining thickness, coal seam depth, working width, and hard rock lithology proportion coefficient on the height of WCFZ are investigated through 75 groups of in situ data of WCFZ heights measured in the Jurassic coalfield of the Ordos Basin. Consequently, an IRMO-BP-NN model for predicting WCFZ height in the Jurassic coalfield of the Ordos Basin was constructed. The proposed IRMO-BP-NN model was validated through monitoring data from the 4⁻²216 working faces of Jianbei Coal Mine, followed by a comparative analysis with empirical formulas and conventional BP-NN models. The relative error of the IRMO-BP-NN prediction model is 4.93%, outperforming both the BP-NN prediction model, the SVR prediction model, and empirical formulas. The results demonstrate that the IRMO-BP-NN model enhances the accuracy of predicting WCFZ height, providing an application foundation for predicting such heights in the Jurassic coalfield of the Ordos Basin and protecting the ecological environment of Ordos Basin mining areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Physical Monitoring and Healthy Controlling of Geotechnical Engineering)

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23 pages, 16746 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Soil Slope Stability under Underground Coal Seam Mining Using Improved Radial Movement Optimization with Lévy Flight

by Haotian Li, Liangxing Jin and Pingting Liu

Mathematics 2024, 12(10), 1566; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12101566 - 17 May 2024

Viewed by 1335

Abstract

Underground coal seam mining significantly reduces the stability of slopes, especially soil slopes, and an accurate evaluation of the stability of soil slopes under underground mining conditions is crucial for mining safety. In this study, the impact of coal seam mining is considered [...] Read more.

Underground coal seam mining significantly reduces the stability of slopes, especially soil slopes, and an accurate evaluation of the stability of soil slopes under underground mining conditions is crucial for mining safety. In this study, the impact of coal seam mining is considered as the additional horizontal and vertical stresses acting on the slope, and an equation for calculating the safety factor of soil slopes under underground mining conditions is derived based on the rigorous Janbu method. Then, the Improved Radial Movement Optimization (IRMO) algorithm is introduced and combined with Lévy flight optimization to conduct global optimization searches, obtaining the critical sliding surface and corresponding safety factor of the soil slope under underground coal seam mining. Through comparisons with the numerical simulation results in three different case studies, the feasibility of applying the IRMO algorithm with Lévy flight to analyze the stability of soil slopes under underground mining is demonstrated. This ensures the accuracy and stability of the calculation results while maintaining a high convergence efficiency. Furthermore, the effects of the mining thickness and mining direction on slope stability are analyzed, and the results indicate that a smaller mining thickness and mining along the slope are advantageous for slope stability. The method proposed in this study provides valuable insights for preventing the slope instability hazards caused by underground coal seam mining. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Physical Monitoring and Healthy Controlling of Geotechnical Engineering)

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26 pages, 7481 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Resilience in Abandoned Open-Pit Mine Slopes Based on a Two-Dimensional Cloud Model with Combination Weighting

by Liangxing Jin, Pingting Liu, Wenbing Yao and Junjie Wei

Mathematics 2024, 12(8), 1213; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12081213 - 17 Apr 2024

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1601

Abstract

The stability of abandoned open-pit mine slopes and their ecological environment are threatened owing to their fragile, complicated, and uncertain characteristics. This study establishes a novel evaluation indicator system for enhancing mine design and environmental protection insight. The weights in the system are [...] Read more.

The stability of abandoned open-pit mine slopes and their ecological environment are threatened owing to their fragile, complicated, and uncertain characteristics. This study establishes a novel evaluation indicator system for enhancing mine design and environmental protection insight. The weights in the system are assigned using a combined method, which consists of the game theory, the interval analytic hierarchy process (IAHP), and the entropy weight method (EWM). The IAHP is optimized by the improved radial movement optimal (IRMO) algorithm and the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to ensure calculation stability and efficiency. Meanwhile, a two-dimensional cloud model (TDCM) is developed to obtain the slope resilience level and visualize the result. This comprehensive evaluation method is applied to three abandoned mine slopes in the Yellow River Basin, and the results demonstrate that the method can provide crucial insights for rational mine slope stabilization and ecological restoration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Physical Monitoring and Healthy Controlling of Geotechnical Engineering)

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21 pages, 3038 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Generalized Weighted Mahalanobis Distance Improved VIKOR Model for Rockburst Classification Evaluation

by Jianhong Chen, Zhe Liu, Yakun Zhao, Shan Yang and Zhiyong Zhou

Mathematics 2024, 12(2), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12020181 - 5 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1563

Abstract

Rockbursts are hazardous phenomena of sudden and violent rock failure in deep underground excavations under high geostress conditions, which poses a serious threat to geotechnical engineering. The occurrence of rockbursts is influenced by a combination of factors. Therefore, it is necessary to find [...] Read more.

Rockbursts are hazardous phenomena of sudden and violent rock failure in deep underground excavations under high geostress conditions, which poses a serious threat to geotechnical engineering. The occurrence of rockbursts is influenced by a combination of factors. Therefore, it is necessary to find an efficient method to assess rockburst grades. In this paper, we propose a novel method that enhances the VIKOR method using a novel combination of weight and generalized weighted Mahalanobis distance. The combination weights of the evaluation indicators were calculated using game theory by combining subjective experience and objective data statistical characteristics. By introducing the generalized weighted Mahalanobis distance, the VIKOR method is improved to address the issues of inconsistent dimensions, different importance, and inconsistent correlation among indicators. The proposed method can deal with the complexity of the impact factors of rockburst evaluation and classify the rockburst intensity level. The results show that the accuracy of the improved VIKOR method with the distance formula is higher than that of the unimproved VIKOR method; the evaluation accuracy of the improved VIKOR method with the generalized weighted Mahalanobis distance is 91.67%, which outperforms the improved VIKOR methods with the Euclidean and Canberra distances. This assessment method can be easily implemented and does not depend on the discussion of the rockburst occurrence mechanism, making it widely applicable for engineering rockburst evaluation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Physical Monitoring and Healthy Controlling of Geotechnical Engineering)

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13 pages, 6439 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Stability Analysis of Strongly Weathered Muddy Slate Slopes Considering Softening Conditions of Water Immersion

by Yungang Shi, Jingyu Wang, Xin Tan, Suhua Zhou, Yuxuan Jin and Xin Yin

Sustainability 2023, 15(20), 14740; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014740 - 11 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1327

Abstract

To understand the stability of strongly weathered muddy slate slopes under water immersion effects, we obtained shear strength parameters of the weakly layered structures within this slate through direct shear tests. Point load tests were performed on in-site slate samples with varying water [...] Read more.

To understand the stability of strongly weathered muddy slate slopes under water immersion effects, we obtained shear strength parameters of the weakly layered structures within this slate through direct shear tests. Point load tests were performed on in-site slate samples with varying water immersion durations to assess the water immersion’s softening impact on slate strength. Results highlight that muddy slate strength presents pronounced random variability, declining as water immersion duration increases. Drawing from shear strength parameters and the water immersion softening observed in laboratory and in-site tests, we formulated a numerical slope model that considers layered structures and water immersion conditions to evaluate slope stability. Numerical simulations suggest that the slate slope’s sliding surface, when layered, does not consistently form a basic circular arc or straight line. The slope safety factor (FOS) drops below 3, marking a notable decrease compared to a homogeneous slope (FOS = 3.22). In the model, multiple secondary sliding surfaces can emerge, leading to a sliding band with a specific thickness after introducing the random distribution of layer strength parameters. This further reduces the slope’s FOS to below 2.9. Water immersion makes slopes inclined to slide following the layered structure. If the dip angle of the slate’s layered structure is less steep than the slope’s dip angle, water immersion notably diminishes the FOS, which can dip to a minimum of 1.12. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Physical Monitoring and Healthy Controlling of Geotechnical Engineering)

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16 pages, 6268 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Stability Analysis and the Random Response of Anti-Sliding Pile for Erdaogou Landslide Considering Spatial Variability

by Xuecheng Gao, Luqi Wang, Qi Wang, Xinyun Hu, Yucheng Wang and Yanfeng Zhang

Mathematics 2023, 11(10), 2318; https://doi.org/10.3390/math11102318 - 16 May 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1580

Abstract

Anti-sliding piles are commonly implemented to reinforce landslides. Considering the complex nature of this medium, there is substantial spatial variability in the mechanical parameters of rock and soil masses. However, the influence of spatial variability on the anti-sliding pile remains unclear. In this [...] Read more.

Anti-sliding piles are commonly implemented to reinforce landslides. Considering the complex nature of this medium, there is substantial spatial variability in the mechanical parameters of rock and soil masses. However, the influence of spatial variability on the anti-sliding pile remains unclear. In this study, the Erdaogou landslide is taken as a case study in terms of the random response of anti-sliding piles considering spatial variability. Based on comprehensive on-site investigations, various numerical calculations were conducted for the comparative analysis, involving stability analysis and the reliability evaluation of the Erdaogou landslide. The results show that treating mechanical parameters of sliding masses as random variables could result in the probability of overestimating landslide failure, leading to the squandering of supporting materials. Specifically, the coefficient of variation has the greatest influence on failure probability, and the vertical scale of fluctuation showed a larger impact on reliability than that of the horizontal scale of fluctuation. As for the rotation anisotropy, the failure probability fluctuated with the increase in the rotation angle. Taking spatial variability into account, pile top displacements and maximum bending moments tower above those obtained via stability analysis. The related studying methods could provide guidance for the optimal design of anti-sliding piles and the threat control of landslides. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Physical Monitoring and Healthy Controlling of Geotechnical Engineering)

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