Diagnosis of Hematologic Malignancies

Dear Colleagues, 

In recent years, we have experienced a change in the paradigm of the diagnosis of hematological malignancies, moving from phenotyping to genotyping, and giving increasing importance to multidisciplinary diagnoses. An accurate diagnosis is necessary for a correct prognostic stratification and an adequate therapeutic selection. Although morphology continues to represent the indispensable starting point in the diagnostics of hematological neoplasms, new classifications tend to define nosological entities based on the underlying genetic mechanisms of disease. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues has provided a global reference for the diagnosis of hematological neoplasms since its third edition in 2001. This classification is based on integrating morphologic (cytology and histology), immunophenotypic, molecular, and cytogenetic data. Recently, in addition to the 2022 edition of the WHO classification, the International Consensus Classification (ICC) system for hematological neoplasms has been published. While many definitions proposed by the ICC and WHO 2022 are concordant, some differ in a number of key aspects and could impact the design of clinical trials, drug development, and regulatory approval, in addition to, as a consequence, patient care. This Special Issue, entitled “Diagnosis of Hematologic Malignancies”, aims to highlight novel diagnostic and prognostic tools that could improve the management and treatment of hematological neoplasms.

Dr. Leonor Arenillas
Dr. Xavier Calvo
Guest Editors

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