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Search Results (1,404)

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Keywords = ultraviolet (UV) activation

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17 pages, 1647 KiB  
Article
Application of Iron Oxides in the Photocatalytic Degradation of Real Effluent from Aluminum Anodizing Industries
by Lara K. Ribeiro, Matheus G. Guardiano, Lucia H. Mascaro, Monica Calatayud and Amanda F. Gouveia
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(15), 8594; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15158594 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 178
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis and evaluation of iron molybdate (Fe2(MoO4)3) and iron tungstate (FeWO4) as photocatalysts for the degradation of a real industrial effluent from aluminum anodizing processes under visible light irradiation. The oxides [...] Read more.
This study reports the synthesis and evaluation of iron molybdate (Fe2(MoO4)3) and iron tungstate (FeWO4) as photocatalysts for the degradation of a real industrial effluent from aluminum anodizing processes under visible light irradiation. The oxides were synthesized via a co-precipitation method in an aqueous medium, followed by microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment. Structural and morphological characterizations were performed using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The effluent was characterized by means of ionic chromatography, total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, physicochemical parameters (pH and conductivity), and UV–vis spectroscopy. Both materials exhibited well-crystallized structures with distinct morphologies: Fe2(MoO4)3 presented well-defined exposed (001) and (110) surfaces, while FeWO4 showed a highly porous, fluffy texture with irregularly shaped particles. In addition to morphology, both materials exhibited narrow bandgaps—2.11 eV for Fe2(MoO4)3 and 2.03 eV for FeWO4. PL analysis revealed deep defects in Fe2(MoO4)3 and shallow defects in FeWO4, which can influence the generation and lifetime of reactive oxygen species. These combined structural, electronic, and morphological features significantly affected their photocatalytic performance. TOC measurements revealed degradation efficiencies of 32.2% for Fe2(MoO4)3 and 45.3% for FeWO4 after 120 min of irradiation. The results highlight the critical role of morphology, optical properties, and defect structures in governing photocatalytic activity and reinforce the potential of these simple iron-based oxides for real wastewater treatment applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Nanomaterials in the Field of Photocatalysis)
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21 pages, 2600 KiB  
Article
Bamboo Biochar and Sodium Silicate Alleviate Oxybenzone-Induced Phytotoxicity via Distinct Mechanisms for Sustainable Plant Protection
by Chuantong Cui, Wenhai Yang, Weiru Dang, Ruiya Chen, Pedro García-Caparrós, Guoqun Yang, Jianhua Huang and Li-Jun Huang
Plants 2025, 14(15), 2382; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152382 - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 312
Abstract
Oxybenzone (OBZ), an organic ultraviolet filter, is an emerging contaminant posing severe threats to ecosystem health. Using tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) as a model plant, this study investigated the alleviation mechanisms of exogenous silicon (Na2SiO3, Si) and bamboo-based [...] Read more.
Oxybenzone (OBZ), an organic ultraviolet filter, is an emerging contaminant posing severe threats to ecosystem health. Using tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) as a model plant, this study investigated the alleviation mechanisms of exogenous silicon (Na2SiO3, Si) and bamboo-based biochar (Bc) under OBZ stress. We systematically analyzed physiological and biochemical responses, including phenotypic parameters, reactive oxygen species metabolism, photosynthetic function, chlorophyll synthesis, and endogenous hormone levels. Results reveal that OBZ significantly inhibited tobacco growth and triggered a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. Additionally, OBZ disrupted antioxidant enzyme activities and hormonal balance. Exogenous Bc mitigated OBZ toxicity by adsorbing OBZ, directly scavenging ROS, and restoring the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, thereby enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, while Si alleviated stress via cell wall silicification, preferential regulation of root development and hormonal signaling, and repair of chlorophyll biosynthesis precursor metabolism and PSII function. The mechanisms of the two stress mitigators were complementary, Bc primarily relied on physical adsorption and ROS scavenging, whereas Si emphasized metabolic regulation and structural reinforcement. These findings provide practical strategies for simultaneously mitigating organic UV filter pollution and enhancing plant resilience in contaminated soils. Full article
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17 pages, 1310 KiB  
Review
Lip Photoprotection Patents (2014–2024): Key Trends and Emerging Technologies
by Vanessa Urrea-Victoria, Ana Sofia Guerrero Casas, Leonardo Castellanos, Mairim Russo Serafini and Diana Marcela Aragón Novoa
Cosmetics 2025, 12(4), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics12040161 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 586
Abstract
The lips, due to their unique anatomical characteristics of a thin stratum corneum, the absence of sebaceous glands, and limited melanin content are particularly vulnerable to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, necessitating specialized photoprotective care. While facial sunscreens are widely available, the development of lip-specific [...] Read more.
The lips, due to their unique anatomical characteristics of a thin stratum corneum, the absence of sebaceous glands, and limited melanin content are particularly vulnerable to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, necessitating specialized photoprotective care. While facial sunscreens are widely available, the development of lip-specific sun protection products remains underexplored. This study aims to analyze technological trends and innovations in lip photoprotection by reviewing patents published between 2014 and 2024. A comprehensive patent search using the IPC code A61Q19 and the keywords “lip” and “sunscreen” identified 17 relevant patents across China, the United States, and Japan. The patents were examined for active ingredients, formulation strategies, and use of botanical or sustainable excipients. The findings revealed that patented formulations predominantly rely on well-established UV filters such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, octyl methoxycinnamate, and avobenzone, often combined with antioxidants like ferulic acid and rutin for enhanced efficacy. Lipid-based excipients were widely used to improve texture, hydration, and product stability. Although many formulations exhibit a conservative ingredient profile, the strategic combination of UV filters with natural antioxidants and moisturizing lipids demonstrates a multifunctional approach aimed at enhancing both protection and user experience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sunscreen Advances and Photoprotection Strategies in Cosmetics)
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19 pages, 3813 KiB  
Article
An OSMAC Strategy for the Production of Antimicrobial Compounds by the Amazonian Fungi Talaromyces pinophilus CCM-UEA-F0414 and Penicillium paxilli CCM-UEA-F0591
by Cleudiane Pereira de Andrade, Caroline Dutra Lacerda, Raíssa Assímen Valente, Liss Stone de Holanda Rocha, Anne Terezinha Fernandes de Souza, Dorothy Ívila de Melo Pereira, Larissa Kirsch Barbosa, Cleiton Fantin, Sergio Duvoisin Junior and Patrícia Melchionna Albuquerque
Antibiotics 2025, 14(8), 756; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14080756 - 27 Jul 2025
Viewed by 337
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The emergence of antimicrobial resistance represents a critical global health threat, requiring the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Fungi from Amazonian biodiversity are promising sources of secondary metabolites with potential antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to investigate the production of antimicrobial compounds [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The emergence of antimicrobial resistance represents a critical global health threat, requiring the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Fungi from Amazonian biodiversity are promising sources of secondary metabolites with potential antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to investigate the production of antimicrobial compounds by two Amazonian fungal strains using the OSMAC (One Strain–Many Compounds) approach. Methods: Two fungal strains, Talaromyces pinophilus CCM-UEA-F0414 and Penicillium paxilli CCM-UEA-F0591, were cultivated under five distinct culture media to modulate secondary metabolite production. Ethyl acetate extracts were prepared and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as pathogenic yeasts. Chemical characterization was performed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet–Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (uHPLC-DAD). Results: The extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 78 to 5000 µg/mL. Chemical analyses revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, particularly caffeic and chlorogenic acids. Variations in the culture media substantially affected both the metabolite profiles and antimicrobial efficacy of the extracts. Conclusions: The OSMAC strategy effectively enhanced the metabolic diversity of the Amazonian fungal strains, leading to the production of bioactive metabolites with antimicrobial potential. These findings support the importance of optimizing culture conditions to unlock the biosynthetic capacity of Amazonian fungi as promising sources of antimicrobial agents. Full article
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11 pages, 2203 KiB  
Article
Superlattice Structure for High Performance AlGaN Deep Ultraviolet LEDs
by Mano Bala Sankar Muthu, Ravi Teja Velpula, Barsha Jain and Hieu Pham Trung Nguyen
Photonics 2025, 12(8), 752; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12080752 - 26 Jul 2025
Viewed by 264
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to mitigate electron overflow in deep ultraviolet (UV) AlGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by integrating engineered quantum barriers (QBs) with a concave shape and an optimized AlGaN superlattice (SL) electron blocking layer (EBL). The concave QBs reduce electron [...] Read more.
This study presents a novel approach to mitigate electron overflow in deep ultraviolet (UV) AlGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by integrating engineered quantum barriers (QBs) with a concave shape and an optimized AlGaN superlattice (SL) electron blocking layer (EBL). The concave QBs reduce electron leakage by lowering the electron thermal velocity and mean free path, enhancing electron capture in the active region. The SL EBL further reduces electron overflow without compromising hole transport. At a wavelength of ~253.7 nm, the proposed LED demonstrates a 2.67× improvement in internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and a 2.64× increase in output power at 150 mA injection, with electron leakage reduced by ~4 orders of magnitude compared to conventional LEDs. The efficiency droop is found to be just 2.32%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Optoelectronics and Optical Materials)
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16 pages, 1937 KiB  
Article
Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Properties of a Set of Transition Metal Complexes Bearing a Pyridine Moiety and [B(C6F5)4]2 as a Counter Anion
by Ahmed K. Hijazi, Mohammad El-Khateeb, Ziyad A. Taha, Mohammed I. Alomari, Noor M. Khwaileh, Abbas I. Alakhras, Waleed M. Al-Momani, Ali Elrashidi and Ahmad S. Barham
Molecules 2025, 30(15), 3121; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30153121 - 25 Jul 2025
Viewed by 238
Abstract
Background: Transition metal complexes incorporating fluorinated counter anions represent a significant class of compounds with broad applications in industry, pharmaceuticals, and biomedicine. These fluorinated anions are known to enhance the solubility, stability, and reactivity of the complexes, thereby expanding their functional utility in [...] Read more.
Background: Transition metal complexes incorporating fluorinated counter anions represent a significant class of compounds with broad applications in industry, pharmaceuticals, and biomedicine. These fluorinated anions are known to enhance the solubility, stability, and reactivity of the complexes, thereby expanding their functional utility in various chemical and biological contexts. Methods: A set of metal(II) complexes of the general formula [MPy6][B(C6F5)4]2 where (Py = pyridine, M = Mn (1), Fe (2), Co (3), Ni (4), Cu (5), Zn (6)) have been synthesized by direct reaction of metal halides and pyridine in the presence of Ag[B(C6F5)4]. The complexes were characterized using different techniques to assure their purity, such as elemental analysis (EA), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, 11B-NMR, 1H-NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial and antifungal properties against different types of bacteria and fungi were studied for all prepared complexes. Results: The synthesized complexes exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, demonstrating variable efficacy compared to the reference antibiotic, oxytetracycline (positive control). Notably, complex 6 displayed exceptional antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 µg/mL, outperforming the control (MIC = 8 µg/mL). Complexes 1, 2, and 4 showed promising activity against Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes, each with MIC values of 8 µg/mL. Conversely, the lowest activity (MIC = 512 µg/mL) was observed for complexes 3, 5, and 6 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. Regarding antifungal properties, complexes 5 and 6 demonstrated the highest activity against Candida albicans, with MIC values of 8 µg/mL, equivalent to that of the positive control, fluconazole. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed an overall octahedral coordination geometry for all complexes, with tetragonal distortions identified in complexes 3, 4, and 5. Full article
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14 pages, 3135 KiB  
Article
Selective Gelation Patterning of Solution-Processed Indium Zinc Oxide Films via Photochemical Treatments
by Seullee Lee, Taehui Kim, Ye-Won Lee, Sooyoung Bae, Seungbeen Kim, Min Woo Oh, Doojae Park, Youngjun Yun, Dongwook Kim, Jin-Hyuk Bae and Jaehoon Park
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(15), 1147; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15151147 - 24 Jul 2025
Viewed by 264
Abstract
This study presents a photoresist-free patterning method for solution-processed indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin films using two photochemical exposure techniques, namely pulsed ultraviolet (UV) light and UV-ozone, and a plasma-based method using oxygen (O2) plasma. Pulsed UV light delivers short, high-intensity [...] Read more.
This study presents a photoresist-free patterning method for solution-processed indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin films using two photochemical exposure techniques, namely pulsed ultraviolet (UV) light and UV-ozone, and a plasma-based method using oxygen (O2) plasma. Pulsed UV light delivers short, high-intensity flashes of light that induce localised photochemical reactions with minimal thermal damage, whereas UV-ozone enables smooth and uniform surface oxidation through continuous low-pressure UV irradiation combined with in situ ozone generation. By contrast, O2 plasma generates ionised oxygen species via radio frequency (RF) discharge, allowing rapid surface activation, although surface damage may occur because of energetic ion bombardment. All three approaches enabled pattern formation without the use of conventional photolithography or chemical developers, and the UV-ozone method produced the most uniform and clearly defined patterns. The patterned IZO films were applied as active layers in bottom-gate top-contact thin-film transistors, all of which exhibited functional operation, with the UV-ozone-patterned devices exhibiting the most favourable electrical performance. This comparative study demonstrates the potential of photochemical and plasma-assisted approaches as eco-friendly and scalable strategies for next-generation IZO patterning in electronic device applications. Full article
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21 pages, 3048 KiB  
Article
Transfersome-Based Delivery of Optimized Black Tea Extract for the Prevention of UVB-Induced Skin Damage
by Nadia Benedetto, Maria Ponticelli, Ludovica Lela, Emanuele Rosa, Flavia Carriero, Immacolata Faraone, Carla Caddeo, Luigi Milella and Antonio Vassallo
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(8), 952; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17080952 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 321
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation contributes significantly to skin aging and skin disorders by promoting oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen degradation. Natural antioxidants such as theaflavins and thearubigins from Camellia sinensis L. (black tea) have shown photoprotective effects. This study aimed to optimize [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation contributes significantly to skin aging and skin disorders by promoting oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen degradation. Natural antioxidants such as theaflavins and thearubigins from Camellia sinensis L. (black tea) have shown photoprotective effects. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of theaflavins and thearubigins from black tea leaves and evaluate the efficacy of the extract against UVB-induced damage using a transfersome-based topical formulation. Methods: Extraction of theaflavins and thearubigins was optimized via response surface methodology (Box-Behnken Design), yielding an extract rich in active polyphenols. This extract was incorporated into transfersomes that were characterized for size, polydispersity, zeta potential, storage stability, and entrapment efficiency. Human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) were used to assess cytotoxicity, protection against UVB-induced viability loss, collagen degradation, and expression of inflammatory (IL6, COX2, iNOS) and matrix-degrading (MMP1) markers. Cellular uptake of the extract’s bioactive marker compounds was measured via LC-MS/MS. Results: The transfersomes (~60 nm) showed a good stability and a high entrapment efficiency (>85%). The transfersomes significantly protected NHDF cells from UVB-induced cytotoxicity, restored collagen production, and reduced gene expression of MMP1, IL6, COX2, and iNOS. Cellular uptake of key extract’s polyphenols was markedly enhanced by the nanoformulation compared to the free extract. Conclusions: Black tea extract transfersomes effectively prevented UVB-induced oxidative and inflammatory damage in skin fibroblasts. This delivery system enhanced bioavailability of the extract and cellular protection, supporting the use of the optimized extract in cosmeceutical formulations targeting photoaging and UV-induced skin disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Drug Delivery and Controlled Release)
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31 pages, 4667 KiB  
Article
Harnessing Plant-Based Nanoparticles for Targeted Therapy: A Green Approach to Cancer and Bacterial Infections
by Mirela Claudia Rîmbu, Daniel Cord, Mihaela Savin, Alexandru Grigoroiu, Mirela Antonela Mihăilă, Mona Luciana Gălățanu, Viorel Ordeanu, Mariana Panțuroiu, Vasilica Țucureanu, Iuliana Mihalache, Oana Brîncoveanu, Adina Boldeiu, Veronica Anăstăsoaie, Carmen Elisabeta Manea, Roxana-Colette Sandulovici, Marinela Chirilă, Adina Turcu-Știolică, Emilia Amzoiu, Victor-Eduard Peteu, Cristiana Tănase, Bogdan Firtat and Carmen-Marinela Mihăilescuadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(14), 7022; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26147022 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 523
Abstract
This study investigates the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities of Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) and Artemisia annua (Sweet Wormwood) extracts, along with their role in the green synthesis of gold (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Bioreduction was achieved using aqueous and ethanolic extracts (100 [...] Read more.
This study investigates the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities of Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) and Artemisia annua (Sweet Wormwood) extracts, along with their role in the green synthesis of gold (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Bioreduction was achieved using aqueous and ethanolic extracts (100 mg/mL), enabling solvent-dependent comparisons. Nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and zeta potential analysis. Each technique revealed complementary aspects of nanoparticle morphology, size, and stability, with UV–Vis indicating aggregation states and DLS confirming solvent-related size variation even at 3–5% ethanol. Gold nanoparticles synthesized from Dandelion showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while silver nanoparticles from both plants were effective against Escherichia coli. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that silver nanoparticles obtained from ethanolic Dandelion extract containing 3% ethanol in aqueous solution (AgNPsEETOH3%-D) significantly reduced LoVo (p = 4.58 × 10−3) and MDA-MB-231 (p = 7.20 × 10−5) cell viability, with high selectivity indices (SI), suggesting low toxicity toward normal cells. Gold nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous Dandelion extract (AuNPsEaq-D) also showed favorable SI values (2.16 for LoVo and 8.41 for MDA-MB-231). Although some formulations demonstrated lower selectivity (SI < 1.5), the findings support the therapeutic potential of these biogenic nanoparticles. Further in vivo studies and pharmacokinetic evaluations are required to validate their clinical applicability. Full article
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27 pages, 8396 KiB  
Article
Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Using Leaf Extract of Azadirachta indica: Characterizations and In Silico and Nematicidal Potentials
by Gulrana Khuwaja, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary, Abadi M. Mashlawi, Abdullah Ali Alamri, Faris Alfifi, Kahkashan Anjum, Md Shamsher Alam, Mohammad Intakhab Alam, Syed Kashif Ali, Nadeem Raza, Mohamed A. M. Ali and Mohd Imran
Catalysts 2025, 15(7), 693; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15070693 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 486
Abstract
Biosynthesized ZnO nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform–infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. XRD confirmed a hexagonal wurtzite phase with an average crystallite size of 36.44 nm, while UV-vis spectroscopy showed [...] Read more.
Biosynthesized ZnO nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform–infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. XRD confirmed a hexagonal wurtzite phase with an average crystallite size of 36.44 nm, while UV-vis spectroscopy showed a distinct absorption peak at 321 nm. The Zeta potential of the ZnO nanostructures was −24.28 mV, indicating high stability in suspension, which is essential for their dispersion and functionality in biological and environmental applications. The nematicidal activity of ZnO was evaluated in vitro at concentrations of 150, 300, 450, and 600 ppm, with the highest concentration achieving 75.71% mortality of second-stage juveniles (J2s) after 72 h. The calculated LC50 values for the treatments were 270.33 ppm at 72 h. Additionally, molecular docking studies indicated significant interactions between the ZnO nanostructures and nematode proteins, HSP-90 and ODR1, supporting their potential nematicidal mechanism. This research highlights the effectiveness of neem leaf extract-mediated ZnO nanostructures as an eco-friendly, sustainable alternative for nematode control, presenting a promising solution for agricultural pest management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Bio)nanomaterials in Catalysis)
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14 pages, 7022 KiB  
Article
Sensitive and Facile Detection of Aloin via N,F-CD-Coated Test Strips Coupled with a Miniaturized Fluorimeter
by Guo Wei, Chuanliang Wang, Rui Wang, Peng Zhang, Xuhui Geng, Jinhua Li, Abbas Ostovan, Lingxin Chen and Zhihua Song
Biomolecules 2025, 15(7), 1052; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15071052 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 301
Abstract
Aloin, a kind of active phenolic component, is sourced from Aloe vera. Recently, the determination of aloin has received enormous attention, owing to its positive performance (including anti-tumor, antibacterial, detoxification, liver protection, anti-stomach damage, and skin protection activities) and painful side effects [...] Read more.
Aloin, a kind of active phenolic component, is sourced from Aloe vera. Recently, the determination of aloin has received enormous attention, owing to its positive performance (including anti-tumor, antibacterial, detoxification, liver protection, anti-stomach damage, and skin protection activities) and painful side effects (increased carcinogenicity caused by excessive use of aloin) impacting human health. This investigation was inspired by the good fluorescence properties of carbon dots (CDs); CD-based sensors have aroused a great deal of interest due to their excellent sensitivity and selectivity. Thus, it is of great significance to develop novel CD-based sensors for aloin determination. Herein, N,F-CDs were designed and synthesized through a convenient hydrothermal strategy; the synthesized N,F-CDs possessed good fluorescence performance and a small particle size (near 4.3 nm), which demonstrated the successful preparation of N,F-CDs. The resulting N,F-CDs possessed a large Stokes shift and could emit a highly stable green fluorescence. The fluorescence of the N,F-CDs could be effectively quenched by aloin through the inner filter effect. Furthermore, the synthesis procedure was easy to operate. Finally, the N,F-CD-coated test strips were fabricated and combined with a miniaturized fluorimeter for the fluorescence detection of aloin via the inner filter effect for the first time. The N,F-CD-coated test strips were fabricated and used for the fluorescence sensing of aloin, and the results were compared with a typical ultraviolet (UV) method. The N,F-CD-coated test strips exhibited high recovery (96.9~106.1%) and sensitivity (31.8 nM, n = 3), good selectivity, low sample consumption (1 μL), high speed (5 min), good stability, and anti-interference properties. The results indicate that N,F-CD-coated test strips are applicable for the quantitative determination of aloin in bovine serum, orange juice, and urine samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Natural and Bio-derived Molecules)
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18 pages, 6714 KiB  
Article
Metabolomics and Sensory Evaluation Reveal the Aroma and Taste Profile of Northern Guangdong Black Tea
by Jialin Chen, Binghong Liu, Yide Zhou, Jiahao Chen, Yanchun Zheng, Hui Meng, Xindong Tan, Peng Zheng, Binmei Sun, Hongbo Zhao and Shaoqun Liu
Foods 2025, 14(14), 2466; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14142466 - 14 Jul 2025
Viewed by 453
Abstract
The sensory quality of black tea is intrinsically linked to cultivar genetics, yet comprehensive characterization of flavor compounds in emerging northern Guangdong black tea (NGBT) remains limited. This study employed high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with GC-MS (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to [...] Read more.
The sensory quality of black tea is intrinsically linked to cultivar genetics, yet comprehensive characterization of flavor compounds in emerging northern Guangdong black tea (NGBT) remains limited. This study employed high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with GC-MS (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to analyze non-volatile and volatile compounds in five NGBT cultivars—Jinshahong (JSH), Danxia No.1 (DXY), Danxia No.2 (DXE), Yingde Black Tea (QTZ), and Yinghong No.9 (YHJ)—alongside sensory evaluation. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) identified key non-volatile discriminants (VIP > 1) ranked by contribution: total catechins > simple catechins > CG > EGCG > ester catechins > EGC. HS-SPME-GC-MS detected 97 volatiles, with eight aroma-active compounds exhibiting OAV > 1 and VIP > 1: Geraniol > Methyl salicylate > Linalool > β-Myrcene > Benzyl alcohol > (Z)-Linalool Oxide > Phenethyl alcohol > (Z)-Jasmone. These compounds drive cultivar-specific aromas in NGBTs. Findings establish a theoretical framework for evaluating cultivar-driven flavor quality and provide novel insights for targeted breeding and processing optimization of NGBTs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Foodomics)
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18 pages, 2242 KiB  
Article
Regulation of Ag1Cux/SBA-15 Catalyst for Efficient CO Catalytic Degradation at Room Temperature
by Fukun Bi, Haotian Hu, Ye Zheng, Yanxuan Wang, Yuxin Wang, Baolin Liu, Han Dong and Xiaodong Zhang
Catalysts 2025, 15(7), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15070676 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 404
Abstract
The regulation of the active sites of a catalyst is important for its application. Herein, a series of Ag1Cux/SBA-15 catalysts with different molar ratios of Ag to Cu were synthesized via the impregnation method, and the active sites of [...] Read more.
The regulation of the active sites of a catalyst is important for its application. Herein, a series of Ag1Cux/SBA-15 catalysts with different molar ratios of Ag to Cu were synthesized via the impregnation method, and the active sites of Ag1Cux were regulated via various pretreatment conditions. These as-prepared Ag1Cux/SBA-15 catalysts were characterized by many technologies, and their catalytic performance was estimated through CO catalytic oxidation. Among these catalysts, Ag1Cu0.025/SBA-15, with a Ag/Cu molar ratio of 1:0.025 and pretreated under the condition of 500 °C O2/Ar for 2 h, followed by 300 °C H2 for another 2 h, presented optimal CO degradation performance, which could realize the oxidation of 98% CO at 34 °C (T98 = 34 °C). Meanwhile, Ag1Cu0.025/SBA-15 also displayed great reusability. Characterization results, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS), temperature-programmed H2 reduction (H2-TPR), and physical adsorption, suggested that the optimal catalytic performance of Ag1Cu0.025/SBA-15 was ascribed to its high interspersion of Ag nanoparticles, better low-temperature reduction ability, the interaction between Ag and Cu, and its high surface area and large pore volume. This study provides guidance for the regulation of active sites for low-temperature catalytic degradation. Full article
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19 pages, 1855 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity of Green-Synthesized Artemisia-ZnO Nanoparticles: A Comparative Study with Pure ZnO Nanoparticles and Plant Extract
by Noor Akhras, Abuzer Çelekli and Hüseyin Bozkurt
Foods 2025, 14(14), 2449; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14142449 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 669
Abstract
The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Artemisia absinthium L. extract has gained considerable attention due to its eco-friendly approach and potential applications in food science. This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of Artemisia-mediated ZnO NPs, focusing on [...] Read more.
The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Artemisia absinthium L. extract has gained considerable attention due to its eco-friendly approach and potential applications in food science. This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of Artemisia-mediated ZnO NPs, focusing on their physicochemical properties. The nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Successful synthesis was achieved through a co-precipitation method, resulting in an average particle size of 36.6 nm. The presence of polyphenols and flavonoids in A. absinthium L. extract acted as both a reducing agent and stabilizer for the nanoparticles. The physicochemical characterization revealed strong absorption peaks indicative of ZnO, confirming successful nanoparticle formation. In addition to the structural findings, this study presents novel insights by demonstrating that Artemisia-mediated ZnO NPs possess significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to both pure ZnO NPs and the plant extract alone. The biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibited notably lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) values against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, suggesting a strong synergistic effect between ZnO and the phytochemicals of A. absinthium L. Thus, the study confirms and quantifies the superior antibacterial potential of Artemisia-derived ZnO NPs, offering promising implications for food, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Full article
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27 pages, 7247 KiB  
Article
Layered Perovskite La2Ti2O7 Obtained by Sol–Gel Method with Photocatalytic Activity
by Alexandra Ilie, Luminița Predoană, Crina Anastasescu, Silviu Preda, Ioana Silvia Hosu, Ruxandra M. Costescu, Daniela C. Culiță, Veronica Brătan, Ioan Balint and Maria Zaharescu
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(14), 7665; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147665 - 8 Jul 2025
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Abstract
This paper presents the synthesis of La2Ti2O7 nanoparticles by the sol–gel method starting from lanthanum nitrate and titanium alkoxide (noted as LTA). Subsequently, the lanthanum titanium oxide nanoparticles are modified with noble metals (platinum) using the chemical impregnation [...] Read more.
This paper presents the synthesis of La2Ti2O7 nanoparticles by the sol–gel method starting from lanthanum nitrate and titanium alkoxide (noted as LTA). Subsequently, the lanthanum titanium oxide nanoparticles are modified with noble metals (platinum) using the chemical impregnation method, followed by a reduction process with NaBH4. The comparative analysis of the structure and surface characteristics of the nanopowders subjected to thermal treatment at 900 °C is conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, as well as specific surface area and porosity measurements. The photocatalytic activity is evaluated in the oxidative photodegradation of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) under simulated solar irradiation. The modified sample shows higher specific surfaces areas and improved photocatalytic properties, proving the better conversion of CH3CH2OH than the pure sample. The highest conversion of ethanol (29.75%) is obtained in the case of LTA-Pt after 3 h of simulated solar light irradiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Nanomaterials in the Field of Photocatalysis)
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