Sign in to use this feature.

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Journals

Article Types

Countries / Regions

Search Results (29)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = three-phase four-leg inverter

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
19 pages, 9871 KiB  
Article
Model Predictive Control for Three-Phase, Four-Leg Dynamic Voltage Restorer
by Decan Liu, Huaying Zhang, Xiaorui Liang and Shicong Deng
Energies 2024, 17(22), 5622; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17225622 - 10 Nov 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1287
Abstract
Dynamic voltage restores (DVRs) are usually used to mitigate the effect of voltage sag and guarantee sufficient power supply for sensitive loads. However, three-phase voltage cannot be compensated to the desired balance voltage under unbalanced three-phase loads by traditional DVRs with a three-phase, [...] Read more.
Dynamic voltage restores (DVRs) are usually used to mitigate the effect of voltage sag and guarantee sufficient power supply for sensitive loads. However, three-phase voltage cannot be compensated to the desired balance voltage under unbalanced three-phase loads by traditional DVRs with a three-phase, three-leg inverter. To address this problem, a three-phase, four-leg inverter-based DVR is first introduced in this paper, and then the state space model in its continuous form and discrete form are established, respectively. A two-step predictive method is proposed for the prediction of the output voltage in each switching state by the established voltage prediction model. Finite-control-set model predictive control (MPC) is developed to be used in the three-phase, four-leg inverter-based DVR. Its dynamic response is effectively improved by the proposed MPC method under various voltage sag conditions. The proposed DVR control strategy is validated via MATLAB/Simulink-R2022b simulations, which demonstrate its effectiveness in voltage compensation under various sag conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F1: Electrical Power System)
Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 32228 KiB  
Article
A Virtual Synchronous Generator-Based Control Strategy and Pre-Synchronization Method for a Four-Leg Inverter under Unbalanced Loads
by Zhenshan Huang, Zhijie Liu, Gang Shen, Kejun Li, Yuanzong Song and Baihe Su
Symmetry 2024, 16(9), 1116; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091116 - 28 Aug 2024
Viewed by 2078
Abstract
Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control has positive effects on the stability of microgrids. In practical power systems, both single-phase loads and three-phase unbalanced loads are present. The four-leg inverter is an alternative solution for the power supply of unbalanced loads and grid connections. [...] Read more.
Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control has positive effects on the stability of microgrids. In practical power systems, both single-phase loads and three-phase unbalanced loads are present. The four-leg inverter is an alternative solution for the power supply of unbalanced loads and grid connections. The traditional VSG control strategy still faces challenges when using a four-leg inverter to provide a symmetrical voltage and stable frequency in the load power supply and pre-synchronization. This paper proposes a VSG-based control strategy along with a pre-synchronization method for four-leg inverters. An improved VSG control strategy is put forward for four-leg inverters. The improved virtual impedance control and power calculation methods are integrated into the control loop to suppress the voltage asymmetry and frequency ripples. Building on the improved VSG control strategy, a pre-synchronization control approach is proposed to minimize the amplitude and phase angle discrepancies between the inverter output voltage and the power grid voltage. In addition, an optimized design method for control parameters is presented to improve VSG dynamic performance. A hardware prototype of the four-leg inverter is built; the results show that the voltage unbalance ratio can be reduced by 89%, and the response time can be shortened by 50%. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 7747 KiB  
Article
Disturbance Observer-Based Feedback Linearized Controller for Grid-Forming Four-Leg VSI Supplying Unbalanced and Nonlinear Loads
by Samantha S. Stephen, Hussain Shareef, Rachid Errouissi, Mahdiyeh Eslami and Tuanku Badzlin Hashfi
Energies 2024, 17(13), 3319; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17133319 - 6 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1195
Abstract
This paper presents the design of a disturbance observer-based controller that regulates the output voltage of three-phase four-leg voltage source inverters (VSIs) deployed for grid-forming operation in Renewable Energy-based Distributed Generation (REDG) Systems. The primary objective of the controller is to provide a [...] Read more.
This paper presents the design of a disturbance observer-based controller that regulates the output voltage of three-phase four-leg voltage source inverters (VSIs) deployed for grid-forming operation in Renewable Energy-based Distributed Generation (REDG) Systems. The primary objective of the controller is to provide a symmetric and sinusoidal voltage at the output of the VSI when supplying highly unbalanced and nonlinear loads. The controller employs the feedback linearization (FL) technique and incorporates a disturbance observer (DO) to address a range of disturbances that include oscillations resulting from unbalanced loads, harmonics generated by nonlinear loads, and non-oscillatory disturbances. Notably, the controller adopts a direct control scheme without the need for nested current control loops and does not use any transformation frames. Simulation studies and experimental investigations were conducted to assess the controller’s performance under various load conditions, including both linear and nonlinear types, as well as load transients. The findings demonstrate the controller’s capability to accurately track references while complying with the IEEE power quality standards for the tested conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F: Electrical Engineering)
Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 4261 KiB  
Article
Research on a Torque Ripple Suppression Method of Fuzzy Active Disturbance Rejection Control for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
by Congxin Lv, Bo Wang, Jingbo Chen, Ruiping Zhang, Haiying Dong and Shaoqi Wan
Electronics 2024, 13(7), 1280; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13071280 - 29 Mar 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1402
Abstract
In order to meet the necessities of steady and protected operation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in electromechanical pressure gadget aviation beneath complicated working conditions, a three-phase four-arm inverter fuzzy self-disturbance suppression management (Fuzzy-ADRC) approach for PMSM is proposed to suppress [...] Read more.
In order to meet the necessities of steady and protected operation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in electromechanical pressure gadget aviation beneath complicated working conditions, a three-phase four-arm inverter fuzzy self-disturbance suppression management (Fuzzy-ADRC) approach for PMSM is proposed to suppress the motor torque pulsation beneath complicated working conditions. Firstly, the defects of the common inverter are analyzed, the three-phase four-bridge inverter is changed via the standard three-phase three-bridge inverter, and the present-day harmonic suppression’s overall performance of the three-phase four-bridge inverter is modeled, analyzed, and verified. Secondly, the ADRC and fuzzy management approach is analyzed, the Kalman filter is delivered into the motor pace loop management to enhance the overall performance of ADRC, and then the fuzzy manipulate and ADRC are blended to similarly enhance the torque ripple suppression’s overall performance of the everlasting magnet synchronous motor. Finally, the proposed three-phase four-arm inverter and fuzzy-ADRC approach are combined, and contrasted with the normal three-phase three-arm inverter and ADRC method. The simulation consequences exhibit that the proposed manipulation technique can efficiently suppress the torque ripple of everlasting magnet synchronous motor and has robust reliability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Electrical Machine Design and Optimization Ⅱ)
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 4262 KiB  
Article
A Fault-Tolerant Control Method for a PMSM Servo Drive System with a Four-Leg Inverter
by Peijuan Cui, Zaiping Zheng, Jie Fu, Qianfan Zhang and Linxue An
Electronics 2023, 12(18), 3857; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12183857 - 12 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1469
Abstract
In this paper, a fault tolerant control method is proposed for a permeant magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo drive system with four leg inverters to cope with the open phase fault. As one of common faults in the motor drive system, the open [...] Read more.
In this paper, a fault tolerant control method is proposed for a permeant magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo drive system with four leg inverters to cope with the open phase fault. As one of common faults in the motor drive system, the open phase fault will degrade the control performance and efficiency. Even serious damage is caused in some extreme cases. Hence, it is meaningful to realize the fault tolerance of the drive system with open phase fault. The proposed method includes three parts: a torque-producing current calculator, phase voltage determination and voltage distributor. The torque-producing current calculator is designed by taking the third harmonic flux into consideration to calculate the torque-producing current. In the phase voltage determination, it is proved that the third harmonic flux has no influence on the line voltage equation. For healthy operation and fault operation, the voltage requirements in remaining healthy phases are determined based on the line voltages. Finally, two voltage distributors are designed to distributor the phase voltages into remaining inverter leg. The main difference of two voltage distributors is the polarity of two remaining voltage. Compared to the conventional method, the proposed method can reduce the torque ripple under a postfault condition. In addition, the controller structure will not be changed under a pre-fault and postfault condition. The proposed method has been validated by simulated results and experimental results. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 4263 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Predictive Control Model for a Three-Phase Four-Legged Inverter
by Muhammad M. Fayyaz, Irtaza M. Syed, Yi Meng and Muhammad N. Aman
Energies 2023, 16(6), 2650; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16062650 - 11 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2762
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive model predictive control (CMPC) method to control a three-phase four-legged inverter (TP4LI) for PV systems. The proposed TP4LI model aims to predictively model and control switching frequency and higher voltage/current switching to reduce losses. The CMPC model can [...] Read more.
This paper presents a comprehensive model predictive control (CMPC) method to control a three-phase four-legged inverter (TP4LI) for PV systems. The proposed TP4LI model aims to predictively model and control switching frequency and higher voltage/current switching to reduce losses. The CMPC model can be operated in four modes, namely standard MPC mode (Mode I), switching frequency reduction (SFR) mode (Mode II), high voltage/current switching loss reduction (SLR) mode (Mode III), and SFR plus SLR mode (Mode IV, a combination of Modes II and III). The proposed CMPC approach controls the TP4LI to (1) successfully track balanced and unbalanced reference currents with balanced or unbalanced loads; (2) reduce switching losses; and (3) keep the generated current total harmonic distortion (THD) within the industry’s recommended limits. The TP4LI model with the CMPC approach was verified and validated in the MATLAB/Simulink for a PV system. The simulation results show good tracking and performance of the TP4LI for balanced and unbalanced reference currents with balanced and unbalanced loads in all four modes of operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Design and Control of Power Electronic Systems)
Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 4576 KiB  
Article
A Generalized Approach for Determining the Current Ripple RMS in Four-Leg Inverters with the Neutral Inductor
by Riccardo Mandrioli, Francesco Lo Franco, Mattia Ricco and Gabriele Grandi
Energies 2023, 16(4), 1710; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041710 - 8 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2255
Abstract
This manuscript proposes a novel approach for determining phase and neutral-current-ripple RMS in grid-connected four-leg inverters with the neutral inductor. The harmonic pollution is determined for any arbitrary pulse width modulation (PWM) technique and a generic value of the neutral inductor. Thanks to [...] Read more.
This manuscript proposes a novel approach for determining phase and neutral-current-ripple RMS in grid-connected four-leg inverters with the neutral inductor. The harmonic pollution is determined for any arbitrary pulse width modulation (PWM) technique and a generic value of the neutral inductor. Thanks to the proposed approach, it is possible to describe the neutral inductor in a parametric way with respect to phase inductors and obtain a wide range of results, ranging from a direct neutral connection (no neutral inductor) to a conventional three-phase inverter (no fourth wire) for any value of modulation index and common mode injection. The results permit one to compare different design choices in multiple scenarios effectively. The findings were validated by numerical simulations and experimental tests employing the most popular PWM techniques, such as space vector PWM (SVPWM) and discontinuous PWM (DPWM). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Design and Control of Power Converters)
Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 4995 KiB  
Article
A Novel Three-Phase Switched-Capacitor Five-Level Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Components and Self-Balancing Ability
by Kasinath Jena, Dhananjay Kumar, Kavali Janardhan, B. Hemanth Kumar, Arvind R. Singh, Srete Nikolovski and Mohit Bajaj
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1713; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031713 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 4212
Abstract
This paper proposes a step-up 3-Ф switched-capacitor multilevel inverter topology with minimal switch count and voltage stresses. The proposed topology is designed to provide five distinct output voltage levels from a single isolated dc source, making it suitable for medium and low-voltage applications. [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a step-up 3-Ф switched-capacitor multilevel inverter topology with minimal switch count and voltage stresses. The proposed topology is designed to provide five distinct output voltage levels from a single isolated dc source, making it suitable for medium and low-voltage applications. Each leg of the proposed topology contains four switches, one power diode, and a capacitor. The switching signals are also generated using a staircase universal modulation method. As a result, the proposed topology will operate at both low and high switching frequencies. To highlight the proposed topology’s advantages, a comparison of three-phase topologies wasperformed in terms of the switching components, voltage stress, component count per level factor, and cost function withthe recent literature. The topology achieved an efficiency of about 96.7% with dynamic loading, and 75% of the switches experienced half of the peak output voltage (VDC), whereas the remaining switches experienced peak output voltage (2VDC) as voltage stress. The MATLAB/Simulink environment was used to simulate the proposed topology, and a laboratory prototype was also built to verify the inverter’s theoretical justifications and real-time performance. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 10913 KiB  
Article
Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of Three-Phase Four-Wire Inverter with Grid-Connected Operation
by Guoli Feng, Zhihao Ye, Yihui Xia, Liming Huang and Zerun Wang
Energies 2022, 15(8), 2754; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15082754 - 8 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2501
Abstract
With the continuous penetration and development of renewable energy power generation, distributed grids and microgrids are becoming increasingly important in power systems. In the distribution networks and microgrids, the grid impedance is comparatively large and cannot be ignored. Usually, the parallel compensation is [...] Read more.
With the continuous penetration and development of renewable energy power generation, distributed grids and microgrids are becoming increasingly important in power systems. In the distribution networks and microgrids, the grid impedance is comparatively large and cannot be ignored. Usually, the parallel compensation is used to improve the grid quality. In these three-phase four-wire power systems, analyzing the impedance characteristics of the grid-connected inverter is vital to carry out the small-signal stability analysis. Thus, it is vital to consider the influence of the zero-sequence component in addition to the positive-sequence component and the negative-sequence component when it comes to analyzing system stability. In this paper, the impedances of three-phase four-wire split capacitor inverter and three-phase four-leg inverter are established. Based on the achieved impedance, the similarities and differences between the impedances of three-phase four-wire split capacitor inverter and impedance of three-phase four-leg inverter are studied. The main difference is reflected in zero-sequence impedance. Additionally, the zero-sequence impedance characteristics and the dominating factors deciding the zero-sequence impedance are analyzed. Then, the stability of the system considering the grid impedance and impedance of three-phase four-wire inverter is investigated by separately considering the stability of the positive–negative-sequence component and the stability of the zero-sequence component. Several cases of small-signal instability caused by the positive–negative-sequence component or zero-sequence component are revealed. The experimental results validate the theoretical analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F: Electrical Engineering)
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 10093 KiB  
Article
Grid-Tied Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator for Power Quality Enhancement Using Combined-Step-Size Real-Coefficient Improved Proportionate Affine Projection Sign Algorithm
by Arobinda Dash, Durgesh Prasad Bagarty, Prakash Kumar Hota, Manoj Kumar Sahu, Twinkle Hazra, Siddhartha Behera, Arun Kumar Behera, Siddharth Behera, Amit Kumar Nayak, Sangram Ballav Mohapatra and Shreekanta kumar Ojha
Energies 2022, 15(1), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010197 - 29 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1758
Abstract
A control structure design of a three-phase three-leg four-wire grid-tied Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) based on a combined-step-size real-coefficient improved proportionate affine projection sign algorithm (CSS-RIP-APSA) has been presented. The three-phase four-wire DSTATCOM is used for reactive power compensation along with harmonic [...] Read more.
A control structure design of a three-phase three-leg four-wire grid-tied Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) based on a combined-step-size real-coefficient improved proportionate affine projection sign algorithm (CSS-RIP-APSA) has been presented. The three-phase four-wire DSTATCOM is used for reactive power compensation along with harmonic current minimization. This strategy also helps in load balancing and neutral current compensation. The affine projection sign algorithm (APSA) is a member of the adaptive filter family, which has a slow convergence rate. The conventional adaptive filter deals with the trade-off between the convergence rate and the steady-state error. In the proposed algorithm, the RIP-APSA adaptive filter with two different step sizes has been designed to decrease the computational burden while achieving the advantages of a fast convergence rate and reduced steady-state error. The proposed controller also makes the inverter function a shunt compensator. The controller primarily evaluates the fundamental weight component of distorted load currents. The aim of the proposed system is to compensate for reactive power and to ensure unity power factor during the faulty conditions as well as for unbalancing grid conditions. The proposed control algorithm of the grid-tied DSTATCOM works effectively on the laboratory prototype as verified from the experimental results. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 14468 KiB  
Article
Fault-Tolerant Control of a Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Lightweight UAV Propellers via Central Point Drive
by Aleksander Suti, Gianpietro Di Rito and Roberto Galatolo
Actuators 2021, 10(10), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/act10100253 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4273
Abstract
This paper deals with the development and the performance characterization of a novel Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) aiming to the diagnosis and accommodation of electrical faults in a three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) employed for the propulsion of a modern lightweight fixed-wing UAV. [...] Read more.
This paper deals with the development and the performance characterization of a novel Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) aiming to the diagnosis and accommodation of electrical faults in a three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) employed for the propulsion of a modern lightweight fixed-wing UAV. To implement the fault-tolerant capabilities, a four-leg inverter is used to drive the reference PMSM, so that a system reconfiguration can be applied in case of a motor phase fault or an inverter fault, by enabling the control of the central point of the three-phase connection. A crucial design point is to develop Fault-Detection and Isolation (FDI) algorithms capable of minimizing the system failure transients, which are typically characterized by high-amplitude high-frequency torque ripples. The proposed FTC is composed of two sections: in the first, a deterministic model-based FDI algorithm is used, based the evaluation of the current phasor trajectory in the Clarke’s plane; in the second, a novel technique for fault accommodation is implemented by applying a reference frame transformation to post-fault commands. The FTC effectiveness is assessed via detailed nonlinear simulation (including sensors errors, digital signal processing, mechanical transmission compliance, propeller loads and electrical faults model), by characterizing the FDI latency and the post-fault system performances when open circuit faults are injected. Compared with reports in the literature, the proposed FTC demonstrates relevant potentialities: the FDI section of the algorithm provides the smallest ratio between latency and monitoring samples per electrical period, while the accommodation section succeeds in both eliminating post-fault torque ripples and maintaining the mechanical power output with negligible efficiency degradation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Robust, Fault-Tolerant Control Design)
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1688 KiB  
Article
A Novel Driving Scheme for Three-Phase Bearingless Induction Machine with Split Winding
by Francisco Elvis Carvalho Souza, Werbet Silva, Andrés Ortiz Salazar, José Paiva, Diego Moura and Elmer Rolando Llanos Villarreal
Energies 2021, 14(16), 4930; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164930 - 12 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2204
Abstract
In order to reduce the costs of implementing the radial position control system of a three-phase bearingless machine with split winding, this article proposes a driving method that uses only two phases of the system instead of the three-phase traditional one. It reduces [...] Read more.
In order to reduce the costs of implementing the radial position control system of a three-phase bearingless machine with split winding, this article proposes a driving method that uses only two phases of the system instead of the three-phase traditional one. It reduces from six to four the number of inverter legs, drivers, sensors, and current controllers necessary to drive and control the system. To justify the proposal, this new power and control configuration was applied to a 250 W machine controlled by a digital signal processor (DSP). The results obtained demonstrated that it is possible to carry out the radial position control through two phases, without loss of performance in relation to the conventional three-phase drive and control system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F: Electrical Engineering)
Show Figures

Figure 1

31 pages, 7273 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Voltage Restorer Integrated with Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Generator for Voltage Disturbances Compensation and Energy Saving in Three-Phase System
by N. Kanagaraj and Hegazy Rezk
Sustainability 2021, 13(6), 3511; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063511 - 22 Mar 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3214
Abstract
The dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) combined with a photovoltaic–thermoelectric generator (PV-TEG) system is proposed for voltage disturbance compensation in the three-phase four-wire distribution system. The PV-TEG hybrid energy source is used in the DVR system to improve the system ability for deep and [...] Read more.
The dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) combined with a photovoltaic–thermoelectric generator (PV-TEG) system is proposed for voltage disturbance compensation in the three-phase four-wire distribution system. The PV-TEG hybrid energy source is used in the DVR system to improve the system ability for deep and long-period power quality disturbance compensation. In addition, the DVR will save grid energy consumption when the hybrid PV-TEG module generates sufficient power to meet the load demand. An enhanced variable factor adaptive fuzzy logic controller (VFAFLC)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control scheme is proposed to extract the maximum possible power from the PV module. Since the PV and TEG combine a hybrid energy source for generating power, the DVR can work efficiently for the voltage sag/swell, outage compensation, and energy conservation mode with minimum energy storage facilities. The in-phase compensation method and the three-leg voltage source inverter (VSI) circuit are chosen in the present system for better voltage and/or power compensation. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid PV-TEG integrated DVR system, a simulation-based investigation is carried out with four different operational modes with MATLAB software. The study results confirm that the proposed DVR system can compensate power quality disturbances of the three-phase load with less total harmonics distortion (THD) and will also work efficiently under energy conservation mode to save grid energy consumption. Moreover, the proposed VFAFLC-based control technique performs better to achieve the maximum power point (MPP) quickly and accurately, thereby improving the efficiency of the hybrid energy module. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 11226 KiB  
Article
Prediction of DC-Link Voltage Switching Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Leg PWM Inverters
by Riccardo Mandrioli, Aleksandr Viatkin, Manel Hammami, Mattia Ricco and Gabriele Grandi
Energies 2021, 14(5), 1434; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051434 - 5 Mar 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3277
Abstract
This paper presents a thorough prediction of DC-link voltage switching ripples in the three-phase four-leg inverters operating in balanced and unbalanced working conditions. The unbalanced modes examined here employ the highest degree of AC current imbalance while still preserving three-phase operation. This behavior [...] Read more.
This paper presents a thorough prediction of DC-link voltage switching ripples in the three-phase four-leg inverters operating in balanced and unbalanced working conditions. The unbalanced modes examined here employ the highest degree of AC current imbalance while still preserving three-phase operation. This behavior can be found in many grid-connected or standalone grid-forming three-phase converters that supply “heavy” single-phase loads, comprising a recent trend in smart-grid, smart electric vehicle (EV)-charging applications. In this sense, for instance, the smart EV chargers might be employed in conditions when different power is drawn/injected from/to the grid, providing power conditioning services to the latter. The analysis of three-phase four-leg inverters is then extended to single-phase operations typical of home-charging or vehicle-to-home (V2H) applications. Their performances in terms of DC-link voltage switching ripple are demonstrated. Two of the most common carrier-based PWM modulation techniques are employed to drive the three-phase inverter—namely, sinusoidal PWM and centered PWM (carrier-based analogy of the space vector modulation). The derived mathematical expressions of peak-to-peak and RMS values of DC-link voltage switching ripple for balanced and unbalanced conditions are handy for designing the associated DC-link capacitor and estimating the overall efficiency of the converter. Extensive numerical simulations and experimental tests have been performed to validate the presented analytical developments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F: Electrical Engineering)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

23 pages, 22731 KiB  
Article
AC Current Ripple Harmonic Pollution in Three-Phase Four-Leg Active Front-End AC/DC Converter for On-Board EV Chargers
by Aleksandr Viatkin, Riccardo Mandrioli, Manel Hammami, Mattia Ricco and Gabriele Grandi
Electronics 2021, 10(2), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020116 - 7 Jan 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4217
Abstract
Three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters have been considered for some recent projects in smart grids and in the automotive industry, projects such as on-board electric vehicles (EVs) chargers, thanks to their built-in ability to handle unbalanced AC currents through the 4th wire (neutral). Although [...] Read more.
Three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters have been considered for some recent projects in smart grids and in the automotive industry, projects such as on-board electric vehicles (EVs) chargers, thanks to their built-in ability to handle unbalanced AC currents through the 4th wire (neutral). Although conventional carrier-based modulations (CBMs) and space vector modulations (SVMs) have been commonly applied and extensively studied for three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters, very little has been reported concerning their pollution impact on AC grid in terms of switching ripple currents. This paper introduces a thorough analytical derivation of peak-to-peak and RMS values of the AC current ripple under balanced and unbalanced working conditions, in the case of three-phase four-leg converters with uncoupled AC-link inductors. The proposed mathematical approach covers both phase and neutral currents. All analytical findings have been applied to two industry recognized CBM methods, namely sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (PWM) and centered PWM (equivalent to SVM). The derived equations are effective, simple, and ready-to-use for accurate AC current ripple calculations. At the same time, the proposed equations and diagrams can be successfully adopted to design the conversion system basing on the grid codes in terms of current ripple (or total harmonic distortion (THD)/total demand distortion (TDD)) restrictions, enabling the sizing of AC-link inductors and the determination of the proper switching frequency for the given operating conditions. The analytical developments have been thoroughly verified by numerical simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and by extensive experimental tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Electrical and Autonomous Vehicles)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop