Skid steers are versatile self-propelled machines that are regularly used in a variety of recreational applications and occupational industries. They can be hazardous for both operators and bystanders. The purpose of this paper is to describe pattern...
Two randomized complete block design experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of bedding use in confined beef steers. Experiment 1 used Simmental × Angus steers (n = 240; initial body weight (BW) = 365 ± 22.5 kg). Experiment 2 u...
This study determined the breed and the season-specific methane (CH4) conversion factor (Ym) and the emission factor (EF) for the enteric CH4 of dairy steers. The Ym values for Holstein and Jersey steers at different seasons were calculated using the...
This study evaluated the effects of expected progeny difference (EPD) grade and feeding system on carcass performance in Hanwoo steers using a large-scale field dataset collected under commercial production conditions. Records from 4561 steers (1466...
The gastrointestinal microbiota of cattle is important for feedstuff degradation and feed efficiency determination. This study evaluated the fecal microbiome of Angus steers with distinct feed efficiencies during the feedlot-finishing phase. Angus st...
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress (HS) on physiological, blood, and behavioral parameters, according to the temperature–humidity index (THI), in beef steers. Twelve Korean native beef steers (342.7 ± 13.81...
This study evaluated the influence of diet and environmental conditions on intake behavior and activity of feedlot steers. Feedlot rations used were comprised of a main concentrate: (1) corn or (2) barley. A GrowSafe system measured individual animal...
This study evaluated the effects of corn or barley finishing diets on ruminal pH and temperature and their relationship to feed intake events using continuous reticulorumen monitoring of feedlot steers. Average daily ruminal pH and temperature were n...
This study compared animal performance and carcass characteristics in steers born to a dairy breed dam and a dairy or beef breed sire allocated to one out of two production systems, both including grazing semi-natural pastures during summer. Spring-b...
In this paper, prior to the commercialization of a developed active steering bogie, we want to analyze steering performance experimentally according to steering angle level with the aim of obtaining steering performance data to derive practical desig...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of lupin flake supplementation on the growth, plasma parameters, carcass characteristics, and meat composition of late-fattening Hanwoo steers. The steers (n = 40) were randomly divided into the four groups...
Quantum steering is an important quantum resource, which is intermediate between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. In this paper, we study steering witnesses for Gaussian states in continuous-variable systems. We give a definition of steering witnes...
Aiming at the characteristic of a variable and optimized steering ratio of the Steer-by-Wire System (SBW), this paper studies the design method of the steering ratio starting from the influence of the steering ratio on the vehicle steering maneuverab...
The use of fruit by-products such as citrus pulp represents a feeding ingredient that deserves to be evaluated as an energy source in animal rations. Thirty-six British breed steers were allotted to one of the three feeding treatments (12 steers/trea...
The objective of this study to evaluate the effects of two levels of concentrate supplementation (1 g/kg or 2 g/kg of body weight, BW) on the intake, apparent digestibility and performance of Girolando steers on tropical pastures during the post-wean...
Seasonal effects on rumen microbiome and enteric methane (CH4) emissions are poorly documented. In this study, 6 Holstein and 6 Jersey steers were fed the same total mixed ration diet during winter, spring, and summer seasons under a 2 × 3 factorial...
Steer-by-wire (SBW) systems in wheel-steering vehicles enhance maneuverability by eliminating mechanical linkages. However, they are susceptible to delays between steering input and pinion response, which can compromise control precision and safety....
This study was conducted to explore the potential effect of Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) on the metabolism of beef cattle. Thirty Angus crossbreed steers were selected, with an initial mean body weight of 506.6 ± 33.3 kg, and assigned to two...
Growing Angus steers (n = 20) were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: Control group (CON, n = 10) fed a feedlot ration ad libitum, or a ruminally protected hydrogenated fat-embedded calcium gluconate (HFCG) treatm...
The objective of this study was to explore whether collecting rumen samples of finishing steers at monthly intervals differed, and whether this difference or similarity varied with diets. For these purposes, 12 Chinese Holstein steers were equally di...
When selling small-framed steers at weaning, profitability is diminished. The hypothesis is that by using a vertically integrated business model that includes retained ownership, extended grazing, abbreviated feedlot finishing, and selling at slaught...
Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae) (KNG) and Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) are indigenous breeds inhabiting Korea. This study compared the in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, dry matter (DM) degradation, and ruminal microbial communi...
The present study evaluated the influence of dietary protein level on growth performance, fatty acid composition, and the expression of lipid metabolic genes in intramuscular adipose tissues from 18- to 23-month-old Hanwoo steers, representing the sw...
Adequate estimation of water demand in cattle production feed yards is of high importance, especially due to reduced water availability because of changes in rain precipitation patterns and amounts. The pen surface in feed yards receives and reflects...
In the context of automatic driving, the analysis of the steering motion characteristics is critical for enhancing the efficiency of crawler harvesters. To address issues such as the low transmission efficiency and the large steering radius encounter...
This research aims to investigate steering feel by analyzing a steering system and an electric power steering logic. First, steering feel is defined based on previous research, and methods for evaluating it are discussed. Second, a sensitivity analys...
This paper presents the results of the study of the kinematics and dynamics of an elastic steered wheel depending on its state, the kingpin unit design parameters, and the tire characteristics in order to obtain dependencies for calculating the tire...
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) functions as a precursor for creatine synthesis in the animal body, and maintaining ample creatine reserves is essential for fostering rapid growth. This study aimed to explore the impact of GAA supplementation on growth pe...
This study examined the effects of different forage sources on the ruminal bacteriome, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers during the fattening stage. In Korea, where high-concentrate feeding is common, selecting suitable...
We evaluated the effects of a rumen-protected microencapsulated supplement from linseed oil (MO) on ruminal fluid, growth performance, meat quality, and fatty acid composition in Korean native steers. In an in vitro experiment, ruminal fluid was take...
This study presents the development and implementation of an electronically actuated steering system in a Formula Student Driverless race car, aiming to support autonomous driving capability. A DC motor with a belt-drive mechanism was integrated into...
The recent advancementsin autonomous driving technology have led to an increased utilization of mobile robots across various industries. Notably, four-wheel steering robots have gained significant attention due to their robustness and agile maneuveri...
The present article compares the Proportional Directional Control Valve (PDCV) and the Stepper Motor-Driven Orbitrol Valve (SMDOV) coupled to the steering system of the articulated steered vehicles. Simulation models of both valve coupled steering sy...
When a vehicle goes on the straight road with a bank angle, a steering pull makes the driver exert a constant steering torque to the steering wheel, which causes an annoying steering feel to the driver. This paper proposes a steering pull model and s...
This study aimed to assess the influence of rice grain in the total mixed ration (TMR) on the growth performance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbial community of fattening Hanwoo steers. Two experimental diets were prepared: (...
Diet impacts the composition of the ruminal microbiota; however, prior to slaughter, cattle are fasted, which may change the ruminal microbial ecosystem structure and lead to dysbiosis. The objective of this study was to determine changes occurring i...
To achieve optimal controllability in a dual steering tractor (a four-wheel, iso-diametric tractor equipped with a dual-hydraulic steering system), this study proposes a coordinated approach that combines experimental testing (using a special agricul...
In this study, we aimed to characterize intramuscular fat (IMF) tissue in fattening steers through a comparison with subcutaneous fat (SCF) tissue. The IMF of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum and the SCF of the back fat from three fattening steer...
Skid-steered technology has been widely applied to wheeled vehicles due to its advanced pivot steering capabilities and adaptable power transmission systems. To better understand the steering characteristics of skid-steered wheeled vehicles and deriv...
As automated driving has not yet been established, on narrow roads where there is no separation between pedestrians and vehicles, it is essential to switch to manual driving. However, when the driver turns the steering wheel from one hand to another...
The effect of dry yeast (DY) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation in a high-concentrate diet was evaluated for rumen fermentation, blood parameters, microbial populations, and growth performance in fattening steers. Sixteen crossbred steers (Ch...
A crucial role is played by steering-angle prediction in the control of autonomous vehicles (AVs). It mainly includes the prediction and control of the steering angle. However, the prediction accuracy and calculation efficiency of traditional YOLOv5...
Steering control is vital for hillside tractors, and four-wheel-steering technology significantly enhances stability and flexibility. However, existing methods often overlook the slope–stability relationship. In order to address this issue, con...
Feedback through the steering wheel is known as the most important source of information to the driver. The so-called steering feeling, composed of self-aligning actions coming from tyres and suspension geometry all the way through mechanical linkage...
The effects of different starch sources (ground corn (CO), ground cassava (CA) and pineapple stem starch (PI)) and ageing period (14 and 21 days) on meat characteristics of Holstein steers were investigated. Starch sources had no effect on meat chara...
Ruminants are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, and information on ruminant fermentation and microorganisms is essential to understand ruminant digestion, which is associated with environmental pollution. The present study investigated rume...
This study aimed to analyze the effects of whole-crop barley silage (WCBS) and a high-concentrate diet combination to replace a rice straw/concentrate on growth performance, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers (HS). Twenty-four animals were allocated t...
The drive torque of each wheel hub motor of a four-wheel independent wire-controlled steering electric vehicle is independently controllable, representing a typical over-actuated system. Through optimizing the distribution of the drive torque of each...
Shorter available development times and fewer available vehicle prototypes have increased the subsystem-based investigation on test rigs within the automotive development process. Steering systems exhibit a direct interface to the driver, therefore,...
This paper investigates the skid steering of four-wheel independent-drive (4WID) electric vehicles (EV) and a differential steering of a 4WID EV with a steer-by-wire (SBW) system in case of steering failure. The dynamic models of skid steering vehicl...
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