30,239 Results Found

Protein crystallization is usually conducted by using precipitants, although the “salting-out” phenomenon is still unclear and complex. Moreover, the addition of precipitants sometimes results in irreversible disordered precipitation of p...

Asphaltenes generally aggregate, then precipitate and deposit on the surfaces of environmental media (soil, sediment, aquifer, and aquitard). Previous studies have recognized the importance of asphaltene aggregates on the wettability of aquifer syste...

A series of LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ (LNMO) samples were synthesized by adjusting the molar ratio of (NH₄)₂CO₃ to Na₂CO₃ in a mixed precipitant for evaluating the effects of ammonia from (NH₄)₂CO₃ as a complexing agent and Na₂CO₃ as a precipitant on the morpho...

Wastewater treatment companies are particularly confronted by the energy and supply crisis resulting from the war in the Ukraine. More specifically, production and supply problems with precipitant production have shown that today’s wastewater t...

The selective separation and recovery of specific platinum-group metals (PGMs) from metal mixtures is a significant challenge owing to the similarity of these metals in terms of chemical and physical properties. Among the typical PGMs (Pd, Pt, and Rh...

A new kind of sulfide precipitant, namely, slow release sulfide precipitant (SRSP), was developed and prepared first to realize the selective recovery of copper from an acid leaching solution. The experimental results indicated that SRSP as a precipi...

At the moment, the main opinion is that protein crystallization depends mainly on the the precipitant anions, therefore, there have been only few works devoted to the problem of the influence of its cations. Using the molecular dynamics method, we in...

Phosphorus as phosphate and nitrogen as ammonium or nitrate are the main nutrients in wastewaters and agricultural sludges. They runoff easily to waterways and cause eutrophication in water bodies. However, ammonium and phosphate could be precipitate...

Direct conversion of CO₂ into fuels or chemicals using solar energy has long been a topic of interest among researchers. However, the severe recombination of photogenerated carriers in photocatalysts often results in low conversion efficiency. To syn...

The European Union’s circular economy strategy aims to increase the recycling and re-use of products and waste materials. According to the strategy, the use of industry waste material should be more effective. A chemical precipitation method to...

High-resolution and high-quality precipitation data play an important role in Numerical Weather Prediction Model testing, mountain flood geological disaster monitoring, hydrological monitoring and prediction and have become an urgent need for the dev...

Reference precipitation (RP) serves as a benchmark for evaluating the accuracy of precipitation products; thus, the selection of RP considerably affects the evaluation. In order to quantify this impact and provide guidance for RP selection, three int...

Nucleation of protein crystals has been shown to be facilitated by substrates decorated with both nano- to micro-scale hierarchical undulations and spatially varying surface potential. In fact, on such surfaces, several proteins were found to crystal...

The monitoring of extreme precipitation events is an important task in environmental research, but the ability of the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) precipitation products to monitor extreme precipi...

In the paper, the verification of forecasts of precipitation conditions measured by the standardized precipitation index (SPI) is presented. For the verification of categorical forecasts, a contingency table was used. Standard verification measures w...

Accurate accounting of spatiotemporal variability of precipitation is essential for understanding the changing climate. Among the available precipitation estimates, the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) is an international satellite network prov...

The daytime and nighttime precipitation proportions of daily total precipitation (especially extreme daily precipitation) are important indicators that help to understand the process of precipitation formation, which in turn helps to evaluate and imp...

The Tarim Basin in the western part of Northwest China (NWC) is the largest inland basin in the world and one of the most arid regions in the middle latitudes. In recent years, heavy precipitation events have occurred frequently in this region, espec...

Locally evaporated water vapor is an important source of precipitation in China. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the precipitation recycling ratio (ρ) in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) in 1979–2020 were calculated and analyze...

The IMERG V06 hourly rainfall product at daily and hourly scales was evaluated during the warm season (May to September) from 2015 to 2020 using 651 high-quality rain-gauge stations over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Based on hourly observed rain-gauge p...

The retrieval of precipitation (snowfall and rainfall) from satellite sensors on a global basis is essential in aiding our knowledge and understanding of the Earth System and for many societal applications. Measurements from surface-based instruments...

This Special Issue hosts papers on all aspects of remote sensing of precipitation, including applications that embrace the use of remote-sensing techniques of precipitation in tackling issues, such as precipitation estimations and retrievals, along w...

This study evaluates the applicability of the IMERG satellite precipitation product in Northwest China using data from more than 6000 ground-level meteorological stations during the warm season (April–September) from 2016 to 2023. The evaluatio...

The Hai River Basin (HRB) serves as a vital center for the population, economy and politics in northern China. Natural hazards, particularly floods, pose significant risks to the region, often attributed to extreme precipitation events. Changes in pr...

Nano-scale precipitation strengthened steels have drawn increasing attention from the materials community recently due to their excellent mechanical behaviors at room temperature, high specific strength to weight ratio, superior radiation resistivity...

As a mountainous country, Nepal is most susceptible to precipitation extremes and related hazards, including severe floods, landslides and droughts that cause huge losses of life and property, impact the Himalayan environment, and hinder the socioeco...

In the domain of fire-resistant steels, the characteristics of precipitates significantly influence material properties. This study developed a novel heat treatment protocol to concurrently achieve both interphase precipitation and random precipitati...

Alaska observes very large differences in precipitation throughout the state; southeast Alaska experiences consistently wet conditions, while northern Arctic Alaska observes very dry conditions. The maximum mean annual precipitation of 5727 mm is obs...

Nowadays, precipitable water vapor (PWV) retrieved from ground-based Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) tracking stations has heralded a new era of GNSS meteorological applications, especially for severe weather prediction. Among the existing...

Extreme precipitation events have a more serious impact on densely populated cities and therefore reliable estimation of extreme precipitation is very important. Satellite-derived precipitation products provide precipitation datasets with high spatio...

The effect of Ti microalloying on the precipitation of NbC particles in Nb-microalloyed and Nb-Ti-microalloyed steels was investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results illustrate that NbC precipitates tend to be...

Based on a high-quality dataset of 713 daily precipitation series, changes in daily precipitation events during 1960–2013 were observed in China’s ten largest river basins. Specifically, the amount of precipitation in four categories defined by fixed...

Using multi-source precipitation datasets including NASA GPM (IMERG), GPCP, ECMWF ERA5, and station precipitation data from the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), along with ERA5 reanalysis fields for atmospheric circulation analysis, this st...

This study evaluates the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s (JAXA) Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitati...

The effective and selective leaching of rare earth elements (REEs) from various sources is frequently possible in practice by adopting a carefully coordinated strategy incorporating a selective precipitation of these elements from undesired ones in s...

Modeling the relationship between precipitation and water level is of great significance in the prevention of flood disaster. In recent years, the use of machine learning algorithms for precipitation–water level prediction has attracted wide at...

In addition to greater precipitation on extreme days of precipitation, preceding and succeeding precipitation (PSP) is often an objective component of flooding in the mid–lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (MLRYRB). In this study, focused...

In this study, we analyzed the suitability of using the CHIRPS, CMORPH and TRMM platforms in monitoring extreme precipitation events, precipitation–runoff relationships, and seasonal/year-to-year variability in the Saltito semiarid sub-basin in...

Sulfide precipitation has been widely applied to remove arsenic from acidic wastewater containing As(III) and As(V), due to its simple process and high efficiency. However, the characteristics and composition of the precipitates are also of importanc...

Based on daily precipitation data from 115 climate stations, seasonal and annual precipitation and their extremes over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings (TPS) in 1963–2015 are investigated. There exists a clear southeast-northwest gradient in...

This study utilizes Ka-band millimeter-wave cloud radar (MMCR), assisted by a precipitation phenomenon instrument, to conduct case studies and analyses of convective precipitation, cumulus precipitation, and stratus precipitation in the Xi’an r...

The Amazon River Basin is the largest rainforest in the world. Long-term changes in precipitation trends in the basin can affect the continental water balance and the world’s climate. The precipitation trends in the basin are not spatially uniform; e...

Terrain plays an important role in the formation, development and distribution of local precipitation and is a major factor leading to locally abnormal weather in weather systems. Although small-scale topography has little influence on the spatial di...

An assessment of daily accumulated precipitation during extreme precipitation events (EPEs) occurring over the period 2000–2008 in the Iberian Peninsula (IP) is presented. Different sources for precipitation data, namely ERA-Interim and ERA5 re...

The macro- and microphysical properties of clouds can reflect their vertical physical structure and evolution and are important indications of the formation and development of precipitation. We used four-year merged CloudSat-CALIPSO-MODIS products to...

The Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB) is an important transboundary river basin in Tibet, China with south Asian countries. Changes in precipitation are important driving factors of river flow changes. Extreme Precipitation Events (EPE), in particula...

Precipitation type is a key parameter used for better retrieval of precipitation characteristics as well as to understand the cloud–convection–precipitation coupling processes. Ice crystals and water droplets inherently exhibit different...

Surface precipitation phase is a fundamental meteorological property with immense importance. Accurate classification of phase from satellite remotely sensed observations is difficult. This study demonstrates the ability of the Precipitation Imaging...

The objective of this work is to analyze the spatial-temporal features of the trends in the frequency and amount of erosion-hazardous precipitation in the European part of Russia (EPR) for the period 1966–2020, as a reflection of the influence...

Accurate extreme precipitation information is crucial for disaster risk management, social and economic development security, and climate change research. Taking the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China, a high-impact area of extreme precipitation, as an...