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12 pages, 2097 KiB  
Case Report
The Clinical Management and Outcomes of Two Cases of Vulvar Neoplasms: A Two-Case Study of VIN 3 and Stage IA Vulvar Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma
by Oana Denisa Balalau, Fernanda Ecaterina Augustin, Cristian Balalau, Romina Marina Sima and Liana Ples
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(2), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12020040 (registering DOI) - 29 Jul 2025
Abstract
Vulvar carcinoma is the fourth most common gynecological cancer, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most frequent type. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a precursor lesion and is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This paper presents two patients in their sixth [...] Read more.
Vulvar carcinoma is the fourth most common gynecological cancer, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most frequent type. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a precursor lesion and is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This paper presents two patients in their sixth decade of life, the first diagnosed with VIN 3 (carcinoma in situ) and the second with stage IA keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Both patients had HPV infection; immunohistochemistry confirmed HPV-dependent VIN3 in the first case, while the second patient had a pre-existing HPV high-risk 53 infection. Both patients underwent partial vulvectomy, with the second also having bilateral inguinal–femoral lymph node dissection, which showed no lymph node invasion. The first patient had a histopathological result of VIN 3 with clear margins. The second patient underwent adjuvant radiotherapy following restaging pathology. Both are showing favorable postoperative progress. Conclusions. The early diagnosis of vulvar neoplasms enables less radical but effective surgeries, balancing oncologic control with quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for adjusting treatments, improving both clinical outcomes and patient well-being. Full article
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18 pages, 6932 KiB  
Article
The Application and Effects of Aerogel in Ultra-Lightweight Mineralised Foams
by Tongyu Xu, Harald Garrecht, Chao Jiang and Chuanyuan Lu
Buildings 2025, 15(15), 2671; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15152671 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
This study aims to explore the potential of aerogel to optimise the thermal conductivity of mineralised foam materials. Experiments were conducted with (i) addition methods of aerogel, (ii) proportion of aerogels in cement slurry, and (iii) water/cement ratio as influencing parameters for mineralised [...] Read more.
This study aims to explore the potential of aerogel to optimise the thermal conductivity of mineralised foam materials. Experiments were conducted with (i) addition methods of aerogel, (ii) proportion of aerogels in cement slurry, and (iii) water/cement ratio as influencing parameters for mineralised foam. Additionally, mixed Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)/Calcium Sulphoaluminate Cement (CSA) slurries were used to test whether a synergy could be achieved. In this study, the defoaming effect of the aerogel and its mitigation to a certain extent by pre-mixing the aerogel with cement slurry were confirmed. The thermal conductivity of the mineralised foams was reduced from 0.049 to 0.036 W/(m·K) when the aerogel was up to 10 wt.% of the cement. In the specimens prepared from the mixed OPC/CSA slurry, a homogeneous circular pore structure was observed under the microscope along with a reduction in the thermal conductivity. The use of aerogels and CSA cements can effectively reduce the thermal conductivity of ultra-low-density mineralised foams to levels comparable with certain plastic foams that dominate the building insulation market. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation)
15 pages, 482 KiB  
Article
The Correlation Between Body Pain Indicators and the Facial Expression Scale in Sows During Farrowing and Pre-Weaning: The Effects of Parity, the Farrowing Moment, and Suckling Events
by Elena Navarro, Raúl David Guevara, Eva Mainau, Ricardo de Miguel and Xavier Manteca
Animals 2025, 15(15), 2225; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15152225 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
Parturition is accepted as a painful situation. Few studies explore pain-specific behaviours during farrowing in sows. The objectives of this study were, first, to assess if behavioural pain indicators (BPIs) are affected by the farrowing moment, parity, and suckling events, and second, to [...] Read more.
Parturition is accepted as a painful situation. Few studies explore pain-specific behaviours during farrowing in sows. The objectives of this study were, first, to assess if behavioural pain indicators (BPIs) are affected by the farrowing moment, parity, and suckling events, and second, to determine the relationship between the Facial Action Units (FAUs) and BPIs during farrowing. Ten Danbred sows were recorded throughout farrowing and on day 19 post-farrowing. Continuous observations of five BPIs and five FAUs were obtained across the three moments studied: (i) at the expulsion of the piglets, (ii) the time interval between the delivery of each piglet, and (iii) 19 days after farrowing, used as a control. Primiparous sows had more BPIs but fewer postural changes than multiparous sows. The BPIs were more frequent during suckling events in the pre-weaning moment. All the FAUs and BPIs were rare or absent post-farrowing (p < 0.05), and almost all of them were more frequent during farrowing (especially at the moment of delivery). Back arching showed the highest correlation with all the FAUs, and tension above the eyes showed the highest correlation with four of the BPIs. The BPIs and FAUs indicate that sows experience more pain during farrowing than during the third week post-farrowing, and piglet expulsion is the most painful moment in farrowing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Welfare)
22 pages, 747 KiB  
Review
Viticultural and Pre-Fermentation Strategies to Reduce Alcohol Levels in Wines
by Francesca Coppola, Bruno Testa, Mariantonietta Succi, Gianluca Paventi, Catello Di Martino and Massimo Iorizzo
Foods 2025, 14(15), 2647; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14152647 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
Changes in lifestyles, as well as the growing attention to healthy nutrition, led to the increasing demand for wines with reduced alcohol content. The reduction in fermentable sugars in the pre-fermentation stage of wine is one of the common methods for the production [...] Read more.
Changes in lifestyles, as well as the growing attention to healthy nutrition, led to the increasing demand for wines with reduced alcohol content. The reduction in fermentable sugars in the pre-fermentation stage of wine is one of the common methods for the production of wines with lower alcohol content. Viticultural practices such as early harvesting, use of growth regulators, reducing leaf area to limit photosynthetic rate, and pre-harvest irrigation are utilized. Additionally, techniques such as juice dilution, juice filtration with membranes, and the use of enzymes (e.g., glucose oxidase) are also employed in the pre-fermentation stage. This review summarizes and describes the classic and innovative viticultural and pre-fermentation techniques used to reduce the alcohol content and their main impact on the compositional characteristics of wine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Food Security and Sustainability)
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18 pages, 504 KiB  
Review
Protein and Aging: Practicalities and Practice
by Stephanie Harris, Jessica DePalma and Hope Barkoukis
Nutrients 2025, 17(15), 2461; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152461 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
Dietary protein is an essential macronutrient derived from both plant and animal sources required for muscle building, immune function, and wound healing. However, in the United States, protein consumption worsens as individuals age, with 30% of men and 50% of women over 71 [...] Read more.
Dietary protein is an essential macronutrient derived from both plant and animal sources required for muscle building, immune function, and wound healing. However, in the United States, protein consumption worsens as individuals age, with 30% of men and 50% of women over 71 consuming inadequate dietary protein due to a variety of factors, including changes in gut function, loss of appetite, tooth loss, financial concerns, and social isolation. The aim of this review is to underscore the need for increased protein requirements in aging populations, highlight potential barriers, synthesize these protein requirements, and also recommend strategies to meet these increased protein needs. Achieving adequate protein status, especially when facing chronic or acute health concerns, is essential to promote muscle and bone strength (because aging is associated with significant decreases in postprandial muscle protein synthesis), to support immune health (due to immunosenescence), and to maintain a good quality of life. For older adults, the literature suggests that a dietary protein intake of at least 1.0–1.2 g/kg/day is required in healthy, aging populations, and intakes of 1.2–1.5 g/kg/day are necessary for those with chronic or acute conditions. These protein intake recommendations can increase to 2.0 g/kg/day in more severe cases of illness, malnutrition, and chronic conditions. The reviewed literature also suggests that evenly balanced protein distributions of 25–30 g of dietary protein (0.4 g/kg) per meal from animal and plant protein sources alike are sufficient to maximize muscle protein synthesis (MPS) rates in older populations. Additionally, pre-sleep protein feeds of 40 g/night may be another strategy to improve daily MPS and amino acid utilization. Full article
14 pages, 14504 KiB  
Article
Impact of a 10-Week Strength Training Program on Physical Performance and Match External Load in Young Elite Female Soccer Players
by Sefika Pelin Bal, Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda, Peter Krustrup and Javier Raya-González
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2025, 10(3), 289; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10030289 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background: Soccer is a physically demanding sport characterized by frequent high-intensity efforts, which are particularly relevant in women’s competitions. Improving high-speed running and aerobic capacity has been linked to better on-field performance. Strength training has shown promise in enhancing these physical attributes, but [...] Read more.
Background: Soccer is a physically demanding sport characterized by frequent high-intensity efforts, which are particularly relevant in women’s competitions. Improving high-speed running and aerobic capacity has been linked to better on-field performance. Strength training has shown promise in enhancing these physical attributes, but its application in young female soccer players remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 10-week in-season strength training program on physical performance and match running demands in young female soccer players. Methods: Thirty-two U18 Danish female professional soccer players from two comparable teams voluntarily participated in the study. Teams were allocated to either an experimental group, performing twice-weekly strength training (EG, n = 16) or a control group (CG, n = 16). Vertical jump performance and Yo-Yo IR2 performance as an estimation for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were assessed both pre and post intervention. Additionally, players’ match external demands (i.e., total distance, distance covered at speeds above 23 km·h−1, and maximum velocity achieved) were monitored using Global Positioning System devices during four matches before and after the intervention. Results: Significant within-group differences were observed across all variables for the EG (p = 0.001; ES = 1.08 to 1.45, large), without differences in the CG (p > 0.01). Between-group analysis indicated significant differences favoring the EG in all variables (F = 27.40 to 47.17; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The application of a 10-week strength training program led to improvements in physical and match running performance among young female soccer players, underscoring the importance of incorporating strength training programs into female soccer periodization to enhance performance. Full article
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11 pages, 2697 KiB  
Communication
Research on the Grinding Quality Evaluation of Composite Materials Based on Multi-Scale Texture Fusion Analysis
by Yangjun Wang, Zilu Liu, Li Ling, Anru Guo, Jiacheng Li, Jiachang Liu, Chunju Wang, Mingqiang Pan and Wei Song
Materials 2025, 18(15), 3540; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18153540 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
To address the challenges of manual inspection dependency, low efficiency, and high costs in evaluating the surface grinding quality of composite materials, this study investigated machine vision-based surface recognition algorithms. We proposed a multi-scale texture fusion analysis algorithm that innovatively integrated luminance analysis [...] Read more.
To address the challenges of manual inspection dependency, low efficiency, and high costs in evaluating the surface grinding quality of composite materials, this study investigated machine vision-based surface recognition algorithms. We proposed a multi-scale texture fusion analysis algorithm that innovatively integrated luminance analysis with multi-scale texture features through decision-level fusion. Specifically, a modified Rayleigh parameter was developed during luminance analysis to rapidly pre-segment unpolished areas by characterizing surface reflection properties. Furthermore, we enhanced the traditional Otsu algorithm by incorporating global grayscale mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ), overcoming its inherent limitations of exclusive reliance on grayscale histograms and lack of multimodal feature integration. This optimization enables simultaneous detection of specular reflection defects and texture uniformity variations. To improve detection window adaptability across heterogeneous surface regions, we designed a multi-scale texture analysis framework operating at multiple resolutions. Through decision-level fusion of luminance analysis and multi-scale texture evaluation, the proposed algorithm achieved 96% recognition accuracy with >95% reliability, demonstrating robust performance for automated surface grinding quality assessment of composite materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Advanced Composites)
34 pages, 1544 KiB  
Review
The Crucial Interplay Between the Lungs, Brain, and Heart to Understand Epilepsy-Linked SUDEP: A Literature Review
by Mohd Yaqub Mir, Bilal A. Seh, Shabab Zahra and Legradi Adam
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(8), 809; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15080809 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is a leading cause of mortality among individuals with epilepsy, particularly those with drug-resistant forms. This review explores the complex multisystem mechanisms underpinning SUDEP, integrating recent findings on brain, cardiac, and pulmonary dysfunctions. Background/Objectives: The main objective [...] Read more.
Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is a leading cause of mortality among individuals with epilepsy, particularly those with drug-resistant forms. This review explores the complex multisystem mechanisms underpinning SUDEP, integrating recent findings on brain, cardiac, and pulmonary dysfunctions. Background/Objectives: The main objective of this review is to elucidate how seizures disrupt critical physiological systems, especially the brainstem, heart, and lungs, contributing to SUDEP, with emphasis on respiratory control failure and autonomic instability. Methods: The literature from experimental models, clinical observations, neuroimaging studies, and genetic analyses was systematically examined. Results: SUDEP is frequently preceded by generalized tonic–clonic seizures, which trigger central and obstructive apnea, hypoventilation, and cardiac arrhythmias. Brainstem dysfunction, particularly in areas such as the pre-Bötzinger complex and nucleus tractus solitarius, plays a central role. Genetic mutations affecting ion channels (e.g., SCN1A, KCNQ1) and neurotransmitter imbalances (notably serotonin and GABA) exacerbate autonomic dysregulation. Risk is compounded by a prone sleeping position, reduced arousal capacity, and impaired ventilatory responses. Conclusions: SUDEP arises from a cascade of interrelated failures in respiratory and cardiac regulation initiated by seizure activity. The recognition of modifiable risk factors, implementation of monitoring technologies, and targeted therapies such as serotonergic agents may reduce mortality. Multidisciplinary approaches integrating neurology, cardiology, and respiratory medicine are essential for effective prevention strategies. Full article
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15 pages, 22006 KiB  
Article
Sodium Oxide-Fluxed Aluminothermic Reduction of Manganese Ore with Synergistic Effects of C and Si Reductants: SEM Study and Phase Stability Calculations
by Theresa Coetsee and Frederik De Bruin
Reactions 2025, 6(3), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions6030040 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
Aluminothermic reduction is an alternative processing route for the circular economy because Al is produced electrochemically in the Hall–Héroult process with minimal CO2 emissions if the electricity input is sourced from non-fossil fuel energy sources. This circular processing option attracts increased research [...] Read more.
Aluminothermic reduction is an alternative processing route for the circular economy because Al is produced electrochemically in the Hall–Héroult process with minimal CO2 emissions if the electricity input is sourced from non-fossil fuel energy sources. This circular processing option attracts increased research attention in the aluminothermic production of manganese and silicon alloys. The Al2O3 product must be recycled through hydrometallurgical processing, with leaching as the first step. Recent work has shown that the NaAlO2 compound is easily leached in water. In this work, a suitable slag formulation is applied in the aluminothermic reduction of manganese ore to form a Na2O-based slag of high Al2O3 solubility to effect good alloy–slag separation. The synergistic effect of carbon and silicon reductants with aluminium is illustrated and compared to the test result with only carbon reductant. The addition of small amounts of carbon reductant to MnO2-containing ore ensures rapid pre-reduction to MnO, facilitating aluminothermic reduction. At 1350 °C, a loosely sintered mass formed when carbon was added alone. The alloy and slag chemical analyses are compared to the thermochemistry predicted phase chemistry. The alloy consists of 66% Mn, 22–28% Fe, 2–9% Si, 0.4–1.4% Al, and 2.2–3.5% C. The higher %Si alloy is formed by adding Si metal. Although the product slag has a higher Al2O3 content (52–55% Al2O3) compared to the target slag (39% Al2O3), the fluidity of the slags appears sufficient for good alloy separation. Full article
11 pages, 246 KiB  
Article
Wearable Sensor Assessment of Gait Characteristics in Individuals Awaiting Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study
by Elina Gianzina, Christos K. Yiannakopoulos, Elias Armenis and Efstathios Chronopoulos
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2025, 10(3), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10030288 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background: Gait impairments are common in individuals with knee osteoarthritis awaiting total knee arthroplasty, affecting their mobility and quality of life. This study aimed to assess and compare biomechanical gait features between individuals awaiting total knee arthroplasty and healthy, non-arthritic controls, focusing on [...] Read more.
Background: Gait impairments are common in individuals with knee osteoarthritis awaiting total knee arthroplasty, affecting their mobility and quality of life. This study aimed to assess and compare biomechanical gait features between individuals awaiting total knee arthroplasty and healthy, non-arthritic controls, focusing on less-explored variables using sensor-based measurements. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 60 participants: 21 individuals awaiting total knee arthroplasty and 39 nonarthritic controls aged 64–85 years. Participants completed a standardized 14 m walk, and 17 biomechanical gait parameters were measured using the BTS G-Walk inertial sensor. Key variables, such as stride duration, cadence, symmetry indices, and pelvic angles, were analyzed for group differences. Results: The pre-total knee arthroplasty group exhibited significantly longer gait cycles and stride durations (p < 0.001), reduced cadence (p < 0.001), and lower gait cycle symmetry index (p < 0.001) than the control group. The pelvic angle symmetry indices for tilt (p = 0.014), rotation (p = 0.002), and obliquity (p < 0.001) were also lower. Additionally, the pre-total knee arthroplasty group had lower propulsion indices for both legs (p < 0.001) and a lower walking quality index on the right leg (p = 0.005). The number of elaborated steps was significantly greater in the pre-total knee arthroplasty group (left, p < 0.001, right: p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in any other gait parameters. Conclusions: This study revealed significant gait impairment in individuals awaiting total knee arthroplasty. Although direct evidence for prehabilitation is lacking, future research should explore whether targeted approaches, such as strengthening exercises or gait retraining, can improve gait and functional outcomes before surgery. Full article
17 pages, 1052 KiB  
Article
The Singapore Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire 2021 (SPARQ 2021)—Results of Public Feedback
by Tess Lin Teo, Ian Zhirui Hong, Lisa Cuiying Ho, Stefanie Hwee Chee Ang and Anantharaman Venkataraman
Healthcare 2025, 13(15), 1837; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13151837 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
Introduction. Singapore had previously embraced at least two types of pre-participation questionnaires for those intending to take up or enhance their level of physical activity (PA). Concern over the usefulness of and difficulty in understanding these questions led to the design of [...] Read more.
Introduction. Singapore had previously embraced at least two types of pre-participation questionnaires for those intending to take up or enhance their level of physical activity (PA). Concern over the usefulness of and difficulty in understanding these questions led to the design of a Singapore Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (SPARQ). The primary objective of this study was to review the level of difficulty in understanding the seven SPARQ questions. Secondary objectives included the rate of identifying individuals as unfit for PA and to seek public feedback on this tool. Method. A public, cross-sectional survey on the SPARQ was carried out, obtaining participants’ bio-characteristics, having them completing the SPARQ and then providing feedback on the individual questions. Results. Of the 1136 who completed the survey, 35.7% would have required referral to a medical practitioner for further evaluation before the intended PA. Significant difficulty was experienced with one question, moderate difficulty with four and only slight difficulty with the remaining two. The length of the questions and use of technical terms were matters of concern. Suggestions were provided by the participants on possible amendments to the questions. Conclusions. The very high acceptance rate of the SPARQ will need to be tempered with modifications to the questions to enhance ease of understanding and use by members of the public. Full article
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15 pages, 1274 KiB  
Review
Engineered Bifidobacterium Strains Colonization at Tumor Sites: A Novel Approach to the Delivery of Cancer Treatments
by Rhea Amonkar, Ashley Ann Uy, Pablo Ramirez, Harina Patel, Jae Jin Jeong, Nicole Oyinade Shoyele, Vidhi Vaghela and Ashakumary Lakshmikuttyamma
Cancers 2025, 17(15), 2487; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17152487 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
Bacteria-mediated cancer therapy represents a novel and promising strategy for targeted drug delivery to solid tumors. Multiple studies have demonstrated that various Bifidobacterium species can selectively colonize the hypoxic microenvironments characteristic of solid tumors. Leveraging this property, Bifidobacterium has been explored as a [...] Read more.
Bacteria-mediated cancer therapy represents a novel and promising strategy for targeted drug delivery to solid tumors. Multiple studies have demonstrated that various Bifidobacterium species can selectively colonize the hypoxic microenvironments characteristic of solid tumors. Leveraging this property, Bifidobacterium has been explored as a delivery vector for a range of anti-cancer approaches such as immunotherapy, nanoformulated chemotherapeutics, and gene therapy. Notably, anti-angiogenic genes such as endostatin and tumstatin have been successfully delivered to colorectal tumors using Bifidobacterium infantis and Bifidobacterium longum, respectively. Additionally, Bifidobacterium bifidum has been employed to transport doxorubicin and paclitaxel nanoparticles to breast and lung tumor sites. Furthermore, both Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum have been utilized to deliver nanoparticles that act as synergistic agents for high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, significantly enhancing tumor ablation, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. While these pre-clinical findings are highly encouraging, further clinical research is essential. Specifically, studies are needed to investigate the colonization dynamics of different Bifidobacterium species across various tumor types and to evaluate their potential in delivering diverse cancer therapies in human patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy)
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16 pages, 3424 KiB  
Article
Fat Fraction MRI for Longitudinal Assessment of Bone Marrow Heterogeneity in a Mouse Model of Myelofibrosis
by Lauren Brenner, Tanner H. Robison, Timothy D. Johnson, Kristen Pettit, Moshe Talpaz, Thomas L. Chenevert, Brian D. Ross and Gary D. Luker
Tomography 2025, 11(8), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography11080082 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Myelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the replacement of healthy bone marrow (BM) with malignant and fibrotic tissue. In a healthy state, bone marrow is composed of approximately 60–70% fat cells, which are replaced as disease progresses. Proton density fat [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Myelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the replacement of healthy bone marrow (BM) with malignant and fibrotic tissue. In a healthy state, bone marrow is composed of approximately 60–70% fat cells, which are replaced as disease progresses. Proton density fat fraction (PDFF), a non-invasive and quantitative MRI metric, enables analysis of BM architecture by measuring the percentage of fat versus cells in the environment. Our objective is to investigate variance in quantitative PDFF-MRI values over time as a marker of disease progression and response to treatment. Methods: We analyzed existing data from three cohorts of mice: two groups with MF that failed to respond to therapy with approved drugs for MF (ruxolitinib, fedratinib), investigational compounds (navitoclax, balixafortide), or vehicle and monitored over time by MRI; the third group consisted of healthy controls imaged at a single time point. Using in-house MATLAB programs, we performed a voxel-wise analysis of PDFF values in lower extremity bone marrow, specifically comparing the variance of each voxel within and among mice. Results: Our findings revealed a significant difference in PDFF values between healthy and diseased BM. With progressive disease non-responsive to therapy, the expansion of hematopoietic cells in BM nearly completely replaced normal fat, as determined by a markedly reduced PDFF and notable reduction in the variance in PDFF values in bone marrow over time. Conclusions: This study validated our hypothesis that the variance in PDFF in BM decreases with disease progression, indicating pathologic expansion of hematopoietic cells. We can conclude that disease progression can be tracked by a decrease in PDFF values. Analyzing variance in PDFF may improve the assessment of disease progression in pre-clinical models and ultimately patients with MF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Imaging)
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21 pages, 5022 KiB  
Article
Vessel Trajectory Prediction with Deep Learning: Temporal Modeling and Operational Implications
by Nicos Evmides, Michalis P. Michaelides and Herodotos Herodotou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1439; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081439 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
Vessel trajectory prediction is fundamental to maritime navigation, safety, and operational efficiency, particularly as the industry increasingly relies on digital solutions and real-time data analytics. This study addresses the challenge of forecasting vessel movements using historical Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, with a [...] Read more.
Vessel trajectory prediction is fundamental to maritime navigation, safety, and operational efficiency, particularly as the industry increasingly relies on digital solutions and real-time data analytics. This study addresses the challenge of forecasting vessel movements using historical Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, with a focus on understanding the temporal behavior of deep learning models under different input and prediction horizons. To this end, a robust data pre-processing pipeline was developed to ensure temporal consistency, filter anomalous records, and segment continuous vessel trajectories. Using a curated dataset from the eastern Mediterranean, three deep recurrent neural network architectures, namely LSTM, Bi-LSTM, and Bi-GRU, were evaluated for short- and long-term trajectory prediction. Empirical results demonstrate that Bi-LSTM consistently achieves higher accuracy across both horizons, with performance gradually degrading under extended forecast windows. The analysis also reveals key insights into the trade-offs between model complexity, horizon-specific robustness, and predictive stability. This work contributes to maritime informatics by offering a comparative evaluation of recurrent architectures and providing a structured and empirical foundation for selecting and deploying trajectory forecasting models in operational contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maritime Transport and Port Management)
7 pages, 1460 KiB  
Interesting Images
A Lipoma Arborescens Probably Causing Significant Osteoarthritis of the Elbow in a Young Man
by Won-Jong Bahk, Seungyup Shin, Junho Jang, Kyung Jin Seo, Yongju Kim and Hyunjung Kim
Diagnostics 2025, 15(15), 1888; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151888 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
Lipoma arborescens (LA) is a rare, non-neoplastic, intra-articular, mass-like lesion with villous lipomatous proliferation that replaces and distends the synovium, particularly in the knee joint. A few cases have been sporadically reported to affect the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, and ankle. The authors [...] Read more.
Lipoma arborescens (LA) is a rare, non-neoplastic, intra-articular, mass-like lesion with villous lipomatous proliferation that replaces and distends the synovium, particularly in the knee joint. A few cases have been sporadically reported to affect the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, and ankle. The authors would like to present a rare and unique case of LA in the elbow joint with significant osteoarthritis in a 24-year-old young man, which suggests that a longstanding pre-existing LA can give rise to severe degenerative arthritis even in young patients unless diagnosed early and adequately treated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis)
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