Search Results (1,781)

Oyster health is important for aquaculture productivity and sustainability. In Thailand, the white scar oyster, Crassostrea belcheri, is being promoted for cultivation, yet its health status has not been compared between research breeding and community farming sites. This study evaluated histopathological features, ultrastructure, apoptosis, and defender against apoptotic death 1 (dad1) gene expression in sexually mature C. belcheri collected from these two sites. Gill tissues were examined by histology, transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL assay, and gene expression analysis, while organ condition was assessed using a Health Assessment Index (HAI). The proportion of TUNEL-positive cells in the gills and mantle differed significantly between sites (p < 0.05), with higher levels in oysters from the farming site. In contrast, TUNEL-positive cells in the digestive gland did not differ significantly between sites, although brown cells were observed only in the digestive gland of oysters from the breeding site, suggesting possible physiological stress. To assess the expression level of dad1 in oysters cultured under different conditions, RT-qPCR revealed no significant difference between the two sites. The breeding site also had lower temperature and salinity than the farming site. Overall, these findings suggest that site-specific environmental conditions may influence gill health and stress-related responses in C. belcheri, providing baseline information for oyster health assessment and aquaculture management. Full article

The Heilongtai–Maogudui (HM) mafic intrusions are exposed in the southern margin of the North China Craton (SNCC), which are contemporaneous with a variety of strategic metal/non-metal minerals (niobium, uranium, and high-purity quartz) and magmatic hydrothermal REE deposits. New geochronology and geochemistry of these intrusions are examined and interpreted to decipher their petrogenesis and tectonic settings. Zircon LA–ICP–MS data formed a concordant cluster, yielding a mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 397.5 ± 3.5 Ma, which is interpreted as an Early Devonian crystallization age. The HM mafic intrusions have similar whole-rock geochemical compositions, containing 48.94–51.51 wt% SiO₂, 1.26–1.61 wt% TiO₂, 5.96–7.13 wt% MgO, and 11.00–12.48 wt% FeO_t. The total alkali contents range from 1.61 wt% to 3.53 wt%, with Mg^# values of 47.23–52.30. The petrographic and geochemical results suggest the fractional crystallization of mainly olivine, clinopyroxene, and minor Fe–Ti oxide in the mafic intrusions. Being of tholeiitic composition, these mafic rocks display relatively flat rare earth element (REE) and trace element patterns, which are similar to those of the normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N–MORB) and the enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (E–MORB). The HM mafic intrusions are proposed to originate in the continental extensional environment through 5–10% partial melting of the depleted spinel asthenosphere mantle source. This is attributed to the gravitational delamination of the lithospheric mantle and the upwelling of the hot asthenosphere, marking the end of the Paleozoic Proto–Tethyan orogenic cycle. The Paleozoic strategic mineral deposits are proposed to have formed under this specific tectonic regime. Full article

Supercontinent cycles are fundamental processes driving the tectonic evolution of Earth, and the periodic assembly and breakup of supercontinents may exert significant influence on global plume heat flux. Large igneous province (LIP) events provide a geological record of mantle plume activity, and their periodicity shows a striking correspondence with the periodicity of supercontinent cycles, suggesting a potential coupling between supercontinent cycles and plume activity. In this study, we employ two-dimensional spherical shell simulations using ASPECT to model the evolution of global plume heat flux, with a focus on its periodicity and phase, which are then compared with the observed periodicity and phase of LIP events. Given the uncertainties in the mode and period of supercontinent cycles, and the potentially important role of the compositionally anomalous and intrinsically dense (CAID) layer, we incorporate all three factors into our models. We then explore the conditions under which the periodicity of global plume heat flux matches the periodicity of supercontinent cycles. We find that the cycle period is the dominant control on the periodicity of global plume heat flux, while the cycle mode significantly modulates its phase. These results suggest that supercontinent cycles regulate not only the periodicity of mantle plume activity but also the timing of heat flux variations. Full article

We report a female in her late 80s with high-risk pleomorphic mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) harboring germline ATM mutation and 17p deletion who achieved complete metabolic response with zanubrutinib plus rituximab. Serial peripheral blood next-generation sequencing (NGS) during remission revealed emergence of a molecularly distinct pre-leukemic clone characterized by DNMT3A, TET2, and a TP53 point mutation (p.Tyr220Cys)—distinct from the original 17p deletion. Approximately 20 months after MCL diagnosis, she developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with FLT3-TKD and NPM1 mutations, confirming transformation of the pre-leukemic clone. Longitudinal VAF tracking demonstrated complete eradication of MCL-associated mutations (ID3, BIRC3) while the myeloid clone expanded. This case provides direct molecular evidence that AML arose from clonal evolution of a pre-existing hematopoietic clone rather than direct MCL transformation, with implications for understanding second malignancies in BTK inhibitor-treated patients. Full article

The formation of tectonic–magmatic–sedimentary processes during the Permian in the Beishan region represents a highly debated research topic along the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and even globally: does it mark the final subduction and amalgamation of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, or does it instead represent rifting superimposed upon an earlier orogen? New field observations combined with geochemical analyses reveal that the Liuyuan area is dominated by Early Permian basalts, associated with a rifting sedimentary sequence. During the Mid–Late Permian, gabbro–rhyolite associations were emplaced, accompanied by minor lacustrine sedimentation. The late stage was characterized by minor granitic intrusions or dikes with adakitic affinities, culminating in the emplacement of lamprophyre dikes. The basalts and gabbros in the Liuyuan area display mantle-derived geochemical signatures, with compositions intermediate between MORB and OIB. The exposed Permian basalt–rhyolite bimodal magmatic suite represents a genetically integrated rift-related rock series. Geochemical data from the Ordovician granites and schists within the belt reveal adakitic characteristics, implying that the Permian granitic rocks largely represent remelting products of these early granitic and schistose protoliths. Collectively, the lithological characteristics and magmatic associations clearly demonstrate that the tectonic setting during the Early Permian corresponded to a post-collisional extensional environment superimposed upon the early Paleozoic orogenic belt (Caledonian Huitongshan ophiolite–arc accretionary orogen), which subsequently underwent tectonic inversion to form the present-day orogenic structure. This paper proposes a theoretical model wherein the bimodal magmatic suite was generated by the upwelling of enriched asthenospheric mantle material, providing the driving mechanism for rifting. It formed within a post-collisional extensional environment developed over a complex pre-existing orogenic belt and was subsequently inverted, forming the current tectonic belt—a typical intracontinental Pyrenees-type orogeny. Full article

The southern region of the South China Block hosts a super-large metallogenic province. However, the Mesozoic differential metallogeny between the southern Cathaysia Block (W-Sn) and the southern Yangtze Block (Au-Sb) remains enigmatic. To characterize the crustal architecture beneath different metallogeny belts, we integrate 3239 published ε_Hf(t) values of synmagmatic zircons from Mesozoic igneous rocks and corresponding whole-rock ε_Nd(t) datasets to generate coupled Hf–Nd isotopic mappings. The results show that ε_Hf(t) values range from −19.3 to +11.6 (T_DM2: 464–2419 Ma) and ε_Nd(t) values are from −12.2 to +5.0 (T_DM2: 580–2008 Ma) in the southern part of South China Block. High ε_Hf(t) (−4~+11.6) and ε_Nd(t) (−4~+5.0) zones are concentrated along the Honghe Fault and Chenzhou–Linwu Fault systems, while low-value Hf–Nd isotopic (ε_Hf(t) = −10.6 to −4; ε_Nd (t) = −12.2 to −4) zones are mainly distributed in the interior of the southern Yangtze Block. The W-Sn deposits in the southern Cathaysia Block are genetically linked to the heterogeneous ε_Hf(t)-ε_Nd(t) isotopic domains. The ore-forming materials of these high-temperature W-Sn polymetallic deposits may primarily derive from crust hybrid magmas that have undergone multistage crustal reworking. In contrast, low-temperature Au-Sb deposits in the northern Youjiang basin are distributed in areas characterized by elevated ε_Hf(t)-ε_Nd(t) isotopic signatures, which are primarily derived from reworked crust with significant mantle contributions. Most magmatic rock-associated Au deposits tend to cluster at the boundaries of Hf-Nd isotopic anomalies, which indicates the contribution of crust-mantle interaction to Au mineralization. Our Hf-Nd isotopic mappings reveal that mantle-crust deep-seated process controls the Mesozoic differential metallogeny between the southern Cathaysia Block (W-Sn) and the southern Yangtze Block (Au-Sb). Full article

The Nam Xan gold deposit is located in the central Truong Son Fold Belt of Laos. It is a newly identified distal intrusion-related gold system (IRGS) in a continental arc setting. This study uses whole-rock geochemistry, Pb and S isotope systematics, and mineral-scale analyses to trace magmatic evolution and ore-forming processes. Whole-rock data indicate that the associated intrusive suite is a calc-alkaline volcanic-arc granite (VAG) series, derived from a subduction-modified mantle source with notable crustal contributions. Pb isotopes reveal mixing arrays rather than true isochrons. Monte Carlo modeling shows binary mantle–crust mixing for igneous rocks and ternary mixing with an additional radiogenic component in ore samples, indicating enhanced fluid–rock interaction during mineralization. Sulfur isotope data show a shift from magmatic sulfur (δ³⁴S ≈ −5‰) in early skarn-stage pyrite to heavier values (δ³⁴S ≈ +6‰) in gold-bearing stages, reflecting fluid evolution driven by cooling and redox changes. Mineral chemistry data demonstrate that gold is present both as invisible gold within arsenian pyrite and as free gold in late-stage fractures. Strong correlations between Au and As, along with elevated Co/Ni ratios and enrichments in Bi, W, and F, collectively support a magmatic-hydrothermal origin. These findings define a three-stage mineralization process: an initial phase involving high-temperature magmatic fluids, a main stage characterized by sulfidation and gold deposition, and a final stage marked by polymetallic overprinting. The Nam Xan deposit is therefore interpreted as the distal manifestation of a Permian arc-related magmatic system in which magmatic fluids migrated along structural conduits and precipitated gold through interaction with carbonate host rocks. The identification of these intrusions in the distal IRGS at Nam Xan informs regional exploration models in the Truong Son Fold Belt, demonstrating the potential of carbonate platforms near Permian intrusions for future mineral exploration. Full article

Hematological malignancies encompass a broad spectrum of relatively rare cancers with diverse biological and clinical characteristics that are capable of affecting individuals across all age groups, though certain subtypes show a predilection for specific age ranges. Advances in next-generation sequencing have greatly enhanced our understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of these diseases, while epigenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic analyses have further clarified their pathogenesis. These developments have shaped the classification and treatment of lymphoma. Updated classification frameworks which include the identification of clinically relevant molecular targets have opened the door to a number of targeted agents, each designed to exploit specific vulnerabilities within malignant cells, while stem cell transplantation continues to offer curative potential for eligible patients, with improving safety profiles over time. CAR-T-cell therapy has been extended to multiple blood cancer indications, achieving lasting remissions in patients with previously exhausted treatment options. Bispecific antibodies have further broadened the immunotherapy landscape by redirecting the body’s own T cells against tumor cells, offering a readily available alternative that overcomes many of the practical limitations associated with CAR-T-cell production. The ability to combine these strategies has fundamentally changed what is achievable in blood cancer treatment, with long-term remission now a realistic goal for many patients. This review seeks to outline the core molecular mechanisms underlying lymphoma and leukemia, evaluate currently approved treatment options, discuss significant ongoing clinical trials with practice-changing potential, and explore the prospect of chemotherapy-free approaches in carefully selected patient groups. Full article

Fujian Province is located in the southeast coastal region of Mainland China and belongs to the Cathaysia Block (CB). Since the Neoproterozoic, this region has experienced multi-stage tectonic activities, which have formed extensive metallogenic belts, such as the Wuyishan and Nanling metallogenic belts. To clarify deep geodynamic processes and deep metallogenic mechanisms, we determine a high-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) velocity model of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Fujian region. Two datasets are collected for the tomographic inversion. One dataset includes 70,330 P-wave and 87,057 S-wave arrival times from 6206 local earthquakes. The other dataset includes 13,714 P-wave relative travel-time residuals from 812 teleseismic events. Our tomography reveals significant low-velocity (low-V) anomalies in the upper mantle down to 500 km depth, which may represent hot ad wet upwelling flows from the mantle transition zone. We also find some low-V and high-Vp/Vs anomalies in the crust beneath major faults and the coastal area of Fujian, which are interpreted as magmatic channels. Combining with previous geological, geochemical, and geophysical results, we consider that the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate in the Late Mesozoic played a crucial role in the formation of ore deposits. We propose a geodynamic model of the deep mineralization in Fujian, in which upwelling mantle flow underplated the crust and intruded into the crust along fault zones. This geodynamic model also has certain significance for the deep mineralization mechanisms of the CB and the Lower Yangtze Block. Full article

This paper presents systematic petrological, whole-rock geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic studies on the mafic–ultramafic rocks of the Daaobaogou Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in the Dunhuang Block, Gansu Province. This study aims to reveal the nature of its source region, parent magma composition, and magma evolution processes. The results indicate that the parent magma of the ore-bearing intrusion in Daaobaogou originated from an enriched lithospheric mantle metasomatized by Paleozoic subduction processes. It exhibits high-magnesium characteristics and represents the product of a certain degree of evolution from a primitive magma. The magma evolution underwent significant fractional crystallization, with olivine beginning to crystallize at 1328 °C, following the crystallization sequence: olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and orthopyroxene. Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes and trace elements indicate that the magma experienced intense crustal contamination (approximately 10–20% upper crust) during its ascent. Full article

The Arkansas Alkaline Province (AAP) is made up of intrusive bodies throughout central Arkansas, one of which is a nepheline syenite body called Granite Mountain. The crystallization age and origin of nepheline syenites from Granite Mountain are still uncertain, in part due to the rarity of zircon grains in silica-undersaturated rocks, such as nepheline syenite. This study reports new zircon U-Pb ages and trace element contents from three nepheline syenite samples from Granite Mountain. The zircon U-Pb ages of these samples are 90.4 ± 0.6 Ma, reflecting the crystallization age for nepheline syenite from Granite Mountain. Zircon rare-earth element patterns display remarkable positive Eu anomalies, indicative of their mantle affinity. Whole-rock geochemical characteristics include depleted Nd–Hf isotopic compositions, high ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios (19.5), and positive Nb-Ta anomalies. Their Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic compositions and trace element ratios display characteristics of ocean island basalts (OIBs). The probable magmatic source of these samples is a mixture of enriched mantle 2 (EM2) and high ²³⁸U/²⁰⁴Pb (HIMU). Taken together, the geochemical data, in particular, the HIMU signature, suggest that the Granite Mountain nepheline syenites formed within a mantle plume (likely Bermuda) tectonic setting at 90.4 Ma, although a rifting origin cannot be ruled out. Full article

The Mesozoic dykes in the Xingcheng area of western Liaoning Province in China were investigated through an integrated study involving zircon U–Pb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and zircon Hf isotopic compositions to elucidate their emplacement phases, petrogenesis, and tectonic setting. The dykes are classified into two groups: felsic (granite porphyry, granite aplite) and mafic (diabase, lamprophyre). Emplacement occurred in four discrete phases: Late Triassic (229–212 Ma), Early Jurassic (ca. 179 Ma), Late Jurassic (162–152 Ma), and Early Cretaceous (133–102 Ma). The felsic dykes are characterized by high SiO₂ and alkali contents, low TFeO and MgO abundances, and belong to the high-K calc-alkaline I-type granite series. The mafic dykes exhibit low SiO₂, elevated MgO, and high Na₂O contents, displaying both alkaline and calc-alkaline affinities. Both dyke suites are consistently enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs), and depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high field-strength elements (HFSEs). Zircon ε_Hf(t) values for the felsic dykes range from −22.3 to −7.4, corresponding to two-stage model ages (T_DM2) of 2613–1729 Ma, indicating derivation from partial melting of Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic crustal material. Late Jurassic mafic dykes yield ε_Hf(t) values between −27.8 and −20.2, consistent with an origin from partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle. In contrast, Early Cretaceous mafic dykes display a bimodal ε_Hf(t) distribution (−12.9 to −9.5 and +4.3 to +8.4), suggesting a predominant enriched mantle source with variable inputs from depleted mantle components. Integrated with regional tectonic reconstructions, the data indicate that the Xingcheng area evolved within a post-collisional extensional regime following the amalgamation of the North China Craton and the Central Asian Orogenic Belt during the Late Triassic. The Jurassic magmatic pulses are attributed to an active continental margin setting associated with subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate, whereas the Early Cretaceous phase reflects regional extension triggered by rollback of the subducting Paleo-Pacific slab. Full article

The study investigates the three-dimensional architecture and thermal structure of the Central Andes in centralsouthern Peru, highlighting the interplay between basement structure, Moho geometry, slab configuration, and thermal properties. Basement structural highs and lows acted as zones of weakness that localized deformation during Andean shortening. The Moho exhibits significant lateral heterogeneity, reflecting the combined effects of subduction processes, crustal shortening, magmatic underplating, and lower crustal flow or delamination. Its geometry provides key constraints on crustal thickness, seismic structure, and lithospheric dynamics. The subducting Nazca Plate shows strong along-strike variations in dip and continuity, influenced by plate kinematics and features such as the Nazca Ridge. These variations control mantle wedge development, arc magmatism, and deformation patterns in the overriding plate, contributing to the segmentation of the Andes. Steepslab segments promote mantle melting and volcanic activity, whereas flat-slab regions suppress magmatism. Consistent with these tectonic controls, Qs values increase from northwest to southeast, reflecting a transition from flat-slab conditions with low heat flow and limited geothermal activity to steep subduction zones characterized by active magmatism, elevated heat flow, and significant geothermal potential. This spatial variation underscores the strong coupling between slab geometry, thermal structure, and surface geothermal expression. Full article

As a core crushing equipment in mining, building materials, and related industries, the cone crusher relies heavily on the optimal design and health state prediction of its mantle liner to enhance equipment reliability and reduce maintenance costs. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach integrating dynamic modeling, intelligent optimization, and health prognosis. First, a virtual prototype model is established based on laminated crushing theory and multibody dynamics simulation to analyze the motion and force characteristics of the mantle liner. Second, for the two key parameters—counterweight mass and motor speed—an improved butterfly optimization algorithm (IBOA) incorporating Cauchy mutation and an adaptive weight is proposed to achieve efficient global optimization. Furthermore, vibration signal features are extracted at different wear stages; a comprehensive health indicator curve is constructed by combining PCA dimensionality reduction with adaptive feature fusion (ASFF), and the Weibull degradation model is employed for life extrapolation prediction. Finally, fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering is applied to autonomously partition the health states. Parameter optimization reduces the standard deviation of the force acting on the mantle liner by approximately 15.4%, markedly improving system operational stability. Health prognosis reveals that the liner enters a faulty state after 785 h, and the health condition is effectively classified into four stages: healthy, good, degraded, and faulty. The results demonstrate that the proposed optimization and health prognosis methods can effectively improve the operational efficiency and reliability of cone crushers, exhibit favorable engineering applicability, and provide a quantitative basis for condition monitoring and maintenance decision-making. Full article

Background: This phase I trial aimed to assess the safety and preliminary activity of the combination of copanlisib with venetoclax in previously treated patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, excluding mantle-cell lymphoma patients. Methods: Intravenous copanlisib on days 1, 8, and 15 and oral venetoclax once daily (starting on day 2 of cycle 1, continuously) were administered in 28-day cycles up to a maximum of 12 cycles. Starting doses were 600 mg of venetoclax and 60 mg of copanlisib. Results: A total of seven patients were enrolled. The first two presented dose-limiting toxicities, five additional patients were treated at a lower dose level (45 mg of copanlisib and 400 mg of venetoclax), with no dose-limiting toxicities observed among three evaluable patients. The most frequent treatment-related adverse event of grade 3 or higher was neutropenia (n = 3), followed by thrombocytopenia (n = 2) and hypertension (n = 2). Four treatment-related serious adverse events occurred, including grade 3 febrile neutropenia in one patient and respiratory infections in three patients. Two patients had complete responses, and two had partial responses. Transcriptomic analysis of lymphoma samples showed enrichment of genes coding for proteins involved in B-cell receptor signaling in responding patients. The study was terminated prematurely due to a decision by the pharmaceutical company. Conclusions: Due to the limited sample size, no definite conclusions regarding safety or activity of the combination can be drawn. The two drugs could not be combined at their respective single-agent doses. Responses were observed in heavily pretreated patients. Transcriptomic analyses suggested a possible association between response and B-cell receptor signaling, which warrants further investigation. Full article