Large Igneous Provinces: Petrogenesis, Mineralization, and Environmental Impact

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Geochemistry and Geochronology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2026 | Viewed by 929

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Earth and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: igneous petrology; large igneous province; plume–subducted slab interaction; ore deposit
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Earth and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: igneous petrology; large igneous province; mantle plume
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Large igneous provinces (LIPs), as Earth’s largest event, play pivotal roles in shaping crustal evolution, driving large-scale mineralization events, and triggering profound environmental perturbations throughout geological history. Their episodic emplacement not only redefines lithospheric architecture but also serves as a critical driver in modulating the Earth’s habitability by altering atmospheric–oceanic redox states, biogeochemical cycles, and biotic evolution. Despite their significance, the complex interplay between LIP magmatism, ore-forming processes, and environmental consequences—particularly their dual role as both disruptors and enablers of planetary habitability—remains inadequately explored through integrative multidisciplinary frameworks.

This Special Issue aims to synthesize cutting-edge research on LIPs by bridging petrogenetic studies, mineralization mechanisms, and environmental impact assessments. Submissions that address critical knowledge gaps in the following areas are preferred:

1) Petrogenesis—What mantle and crustal processes govern the generation, emplacement, and geochemical evolution of large igneous province (LIP) magmas? How do plume–lithosphere interactions and crustal assimilation influence melt composition?

 2) Metallogenesis—How do LIP-related magmatic–hydrothermal systems concentrate critical metals (e.g., Cr, Ni, Cu, PGEs, V-Ti-Fe, REE, and diamond)? What tectonic and geochemical thresholds distinguish barren from ore-forming LIP events?

3) Environmental Impact—To what extent do LIP volcanism and degassing drive past climate crises, biogeochemical cycles, and mass extinctions? Can quantitative models reconcile the timing and magnitude of environmental responses with magmatic pulses?

4) Habitability Connections—How have LIPs influenced the Earth’s long-term habitability through volatile fluxes (CO₂, SO₂, halogens), weathering feedbacks, and nutrient cycling? Do LIPs represent geodynamic tipping points that reset planetary conditions, fostering subsequent biological innovation?

Prof. Dr. Zhaochong Zhang
Dr. Zhiguo Cheng
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • mantle plumes
  • volcanic systems
  • geodynamics
  • ore deposits
  • climate change
  • mass extinctions
  • earth's habitability

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 7523 KB  
Article
Petrogenesis of Intermediate Rocks in Tethyan Himalaya Igneous Province (SE Tibet): The Role of Source Composition and Fractional Crystallization
by Shengsheng Chen and Haonan Jie
Minerals 2025, 15(12), 1251; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15121251 - 26 Nov 2025
Viewed by 203
Abstract
The origin of intermediate rocks within large igneous provinces (LIPs), which often exhibit a bimodal compositional distribution, remains poorly understood. To investigate the petrogenesis of such intermediate magmas within the Early Cretaceous Tethyan Himalaya igneous province in Tibet, we present a comprehensive study [...] Read more.
The origin of intermediate rocks within large igneous provinces (LIPs), which often exhibit a bimodal compositional distribution, remains poorly understood. To investigate the petrogenesis of such intermediate magmas within the Early Cretaceous Tethyan Himalaya igneous province in Tibet, we present a comprehensive study of zircon U–Pb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and Nd isotopes for the tonalites from the Zhegucuo area. Zircon U–Pb dating yields a crystallization age of 130.81 ± 0.55 Ma. The rocks exhibit low Mg# and compatible element contents, indicating significant fractional crystallization of ferromagnesian minerals, plagioclase, and accessory minerals. Their homogeneous, near-chondritic εNd(t) values (−0.34 to +0.01) preclude significant crustal contamination. Based on field relationships, geochemistry, and isotopic evidence, we conclude that the Zhegucuo tonalites were generated by extensive fractional crystallization of basaltic magmas. FC3MS and FCKANTMS systematics reveal a peridotitic component in the mantle source of the Zhegucuo mafic rocks. The exceptionally high values of these proxies of the Zhegucuo tonalites are attributed to extensive fractional crystallization of evolved magmas. Full article
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17 pages, 7191 KB  
Article
Paleomagnetic Constraints on the Spatial Relationship Between the Kerguelen Mantle Plume and the Circum-Eastern Gondwana Large Igneous Province
by Xianwei Jiao, Yong Zhao, Tongming Fang, Jiacheng Liang, Yabo Zhang, Weiwei Bian, Jikai Ding, Hanqing Zhao, Haiyan Li, Huaichun Wu and Tianshui Yang
Minerals 2025, 15(11), 1224; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15111224 - 20 Nov 2025
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Abstract
The spatial relationships of the widely distributed latest Jurassic–Early Cretaceous igneous rocks in the Tethyan Himalaya, northeastern India, and southeastern Australia are crucial for understanding the breakup of eastern Gondwana. However, available paleomagnetic datasets from the central Tethyan Himalaya are limited. To better [...] Read more.
The spatial relationships of the widely distributed latest Jurassic–Early Cretaceous igneous rocks in the Tethyan Himalaya, northeastern India, and southeastern Australia are crucial for understanding the breakup of eastern Gondwana. However, available paleomagnetic datasets from the central Tethyan Himalaya are limited. To better constrain the distribution of these igneous rocks, new paleomagnetic data were obtained from the Weimei Formation volcanic rocks in the central Tethyan Himalaya. The tilt-corrected site-mean directions for 11 sites is Ds = 315.4°, Is = −58.4°, ks = 17.2, α95 = 11.3°, corresponding to a paleopole at 9.6° N, 297.3° E with dp/dm = 16.7°/12.4° and a paleolatitude of ~39.1 ± 12.4° S for the study area (29.7° N, 83.7° E). A positive regional fold test and the occurrence of dual polarity suggest that the characteristic remanent magnetization is of pre-fold origin. These new results, together with those from the eastern Tethyan Himalaya, northern India, and southwestern Australia, show that the ~147–130 Ma circum-eastern Gondwana large igneous province spans a latitudinal range of ~40.7–58.1° S, centered at ~49.4° S, which is consistent with the present Kerguelen hotspot (~49.0° S). Integrating other evidence, we consider that the Kerguelen mantle plume played a key role in the breakup of eastern Gondwana. Full article
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