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  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,629 Views
33 Pages

16 September 2021

Ignoring the function of natural landscapes in the rapid development of urbanization, and especially in the conservation of historic urban landscapes, is still obvious today, and this has caused a large decrease in natural space, loss of habitats, an...

(This article belongs to the Section Air, Climate Change and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
10,957 Views
10 Pages

Historic Urban Landscapes: A Review on Trends and Methodologies in the Urban Context of the 21st Century

  • Arturo Azpeitia Santander,
  • Agustín Azkarate Garai-Olaun and
  • Ander De la Fuente Arana

25 July 2018

This article makes a critical reflection, questioning the notion of historical urban landscapes as a conceptual paradigm used for the basis of urban conservation in the twenty-first century. The study begins with a brief summary of the origins and su...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
8,890 Views
33 Pages

12 February 2020

The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of strategic planning as a sustainable tool for regulating both the protection and development of historic urban landscapes, as well as developing an adequate and effective strategic model and managem...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancement of Public Real-estate Assets and Cultural Heritage: Management Plans and Models, Innovative Practices and Tools in Supporting the Local Sustainable Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
188 Views
40 Pages

14 October 2026

Historic districts result from the long-term interaction of spatial persistence and functional change. Previous studies have examined historical development and historic layering, but less attention has focused on connections between historical forma...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reframing Urban Morphology: Heritage, Sustainability, and Contemporary Urban Transformation)
  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
38 Citations
8,667 Views
22 Pages

Historic Urban Landscapes and Heritage Systems as the Basis for Sustainable Urban Development

  • Matthias Ripp,
  • Christer Gustafsson,
  • Zachary Jones,
  • Sushobhan Majumdar and
  • Manal Ginzarly

2 September 2025

Since the 1970s, the understanding of cultural heritage (CH) has expanded from a focus on monumental conservation to a systemic, socially constructed concept shaped by communities and dynamic values. While recognized as a resource for sustainable dev...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Preservation as a Basis for Sustainable Development and Transformation of Historic Urban Landscapes)
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
10,857 Views
34 Pages

2 November 2022

Since complex urban systems are a combination of different spatial typologies and may have various complex characteristics (human, environmental, social, economic, political, and cultural), decision-making cannot be done without a holistic approach a...

(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,011 Views
26 Pages

9 April 2026

The Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach provides a vital and extensive framework for heritage conservation. However, local practices often struggle to spatially translate qualitative assessments into quantitative controls at the urban block level...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Preservation as a Basis for Sustainable Development and Transformation of Historic Urban Landscapes (Second Edition))
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,135 Views
26 Pages

Sustainable Third Places in Historic Urban Landscapes: Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand

  • Wirut Thinnakorn,
  • Pittida Chotikachorntham,
  • Jantanee Bejrananda and
  • Supawadee Chaupram

8 May 2026

Historic urban landscapes (HULs) represent complex environments where contemporary daily life interacts with living heritage. This study focuses on “third places,” informal social spaces outside home and work, as critical infrastructure f...

(This article belongs to the Section Urban Contexts and Urban-Rural Interactions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,527 Views
25 Pages

28 October 2025

Urban flooding increasingly threatens the resilience of historic urban landscapes (HULs), where conventional gray infrastructure often fails to balance flood protection with cultural preservation. This study systematically evaluates five stormwater m...

(This article belongs to the Section Urban Water Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,767 Views
34 Pages

5 November 2025

Historic urban landscapes, despite their cultural significance, often face neglect, limiting their potential to increase the value of historical centers. Defined as a complex sociotechnical network that involves a variety of agencies incorporating ma...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
9,939 Views
21 Pages

27 November 2020

Although grounded theory (GT) has emerged as a popular research approach across multiple areas of social science, it has been less widely taken up by researchers working in the fields of urban planning and design. The application of GT enables unique...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Promotion, Public Health, and Built Environment)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,389 Views
25 Pages

Historic Urban Landscapes at Risk: Global Monitoring and Assessment of Emerging Crises in UNESCO World Heritage Properties

  • Ji Li,
  • Fangyu Chen,
  • Haopeng Li,
  • Qixuan Dou and ,
  • Fei Fu and
  • Yaling Shi
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

21 January 2026

Despite the growing recognition of heritage risk reduction, a comprehensive framework for multi-risk assessment remains notably absent within the context of historic urban landscapes (HULs) across diverse global contexts. This paper aims to fill this...

(This article belongs to the Section Land–Climate Interactions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
9,902 Views
16 Pages

7 August 2020

Historic urban landscapes (HULs) are composed of layers of history and memories that are embedded in physical monuments, buildings, and memorials. Physical built fabric stores both personal and cultural memory through long association with communitie...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Landscapes)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
11,813 Views
22 Pages

11 March 2023

China has undergone a tremendous urbanization process over the past four decades, resulting in a considerable conflict between the desire to construct contemporary urban areas and the desire to safeguard old urban structures. In addition to destroyin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,193 Views
32 Pages

27 May 2025

Under the synergy of urban heritage conservation and regional cultural continuity, this study explores the spatial features of “mausoleum–city symbiosis” landscapes in Huangling County’s gully regions. Focusing on Fangzhou Anc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,575 Views
27 Pages

22 November 2024

The intensifying urbanization has led to the increasing risk of urban landscape character fading away. How to inherit and control the “genes” of urban landscape features is a crucial issue that needs urgent resolution. To address this iss...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
9,030 Views
19 Pages

7 February 2022

In the past 40 years, China has undergone a rapid urbanization process which has led to a significant contradiction between the desire to develop modern urban spaces and the need to protect historic urban sites. Urban construction has brought not onl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cities' Spatial Structure and Drivers of its Transformation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,645 Views
25 Pages

Morphological Evolution and Socio-Cultural Transformation in Historic Urban Areas: A Historic Urban Landscape Approach from Luoyang, China

  • Xiaozhen Zhang,
  • Yunying Ren,
  • Jing Lv,
  • Yonghao Geng and ,
  • Changxi Su and
  • Ruiqu Ma
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

20 April 2025

The historical authenticity of historic urban areas has been compromised, and community cohesion has declined, necessitating comprehensive methods to systematically identify spatial textures and socio-cultural transformation characteristics. This stu...

(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,296 Views
47 Pages

18 May 2026

As a form of living heritage, Historic Urban Landscapes (HULs) have long been limited by the static perspectives and reductionist tendencies of conventional conservation and research approaches. Although the geological and archaeological concept of &...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Heritage Landscapes: Integrating Conservation into Sustainable Land Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
6,379 Views
24 Pages

7 June 2023

Historical city textures are living history that embody public spaces of former civilizations, their landscapes, and their traditional life culture, carrying them to the present and giving them life. Squares as public spaces have been important gathe...

(This article belongs to the Section Tourism, Culture, and Heritage)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
5,499 Views
27 Pages

23 October 2024

The accelerated process of urbanisation in China is resulting in a decline in and threat to the historic landscape of historic districts. This study is based on the theory of historic urban landscapes and employs a multi-dimensional layers research f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
981 Views
16 Pages

11 August 2026

This article examines the conceptual and practical relationships between UNESCO’s 2011 Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) Recommendation and the European Commission’s 2020 Circular Economy (CE) Action Plan, bringing together cultural heritage...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
8,143 Views
25 Pages

21 December 2024

This paper reflects on the application and adaptation of the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach in Beirut, Lebanon, in post-disaster conditions. Adopted by UNESCO in 2005, the HUL approach marked a shift in addressing urban heritage, echoing an...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Landscape Transformation vs. Heritage)
  • Article
  • Open Access
672 Views
41 Pages

Design of a Sustainable Regeneration System of the Urban Support for the Recovery of the Historic Urban Landscape of Rimac in Lima, Peru

  • Vanessa Raymundo Martinez,
  • Eder Villagaray Apolaya,
  • Aaron Mamani Fernandez,
  • Marianela Sedano and ,
  • Guisela Yabar Torres,
  • Tito Vilchez Vilchez,
  • Julio Casquero Zaidman and
  • Abigail Ortiz Curinambe
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

The purpose of this research is to propose a sustainable urban support regeneration system aimed at recovering the historic urban landscape of Rimac, Lima (2024). The Historic Center of Rimac is currently undervalued due to several issues affecting t...

(This article belongs to the Section Urban Planning and Design)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
693 Views
38 Pages

20 August 2026

Historic urban landscapes are at continuous risk of loss due to urban modernization and the demolition of built heritage. Scan-based documentation methods such as laser scanning and photogrammetry become inapplicable, leaving demolished sites undocum...

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,786 Views
18 Pages

10 March 2025

With the development of international cultural heritage, the positive shift from historic environments to historic urban landscapes has been explored in China. At the same time, China is also trying to extend its heritage corridors to historic urban...

(This article belongs to the Section Land Planning and Landscape Architecture)
  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
19,187 Views
20 Pages

30 September 2013

The aim of this paper is to highlight some perspectives for the sustainable development of Naples, to direct future policies for the city. The proposed approach is based on the Historic Urban Landscape, which, being structurally integrated/systemic,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cities and Waterfront Infrastructure)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,012 Views
23 Pages

11 May 2021

The Historic Urban Landscape provides a basis to comprehensively study the city, considering the numerous agents and stakeholders involved in the urban phenomenon. However, the characterisation of the city is challenging, due to the numerous ways of...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of GIS, BIM and Linked Digitisations in Urban Heritage)
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
9,474 Views
29 Pages

17 April 2021

The increasing pressure on urban resilience and the parallel interest in the preservation of the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) have opened new frontiers of research that find, in the principles of the circular economy, good responses. Cities need to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Valorization of the Cultural Heritage and Landscape as the Entrance Point for the Circular City Strategy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,900 Views
37 Pages

8 May 2025

In the context of global urbanization and the concomitant tension between heritage conservation and urban development, there is an urgent need to explore effective strategies for addressing the challenges posed by fragmented conservation, static cogn...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Preservation as a Basis for Sustainable Development and Transformation of Historic Urban Landscapes)
  • Article
  • Open Access
245 Views
24 Pages

27 October 2026

Intensive urbanization and the transformation of historic urban environments require broader approaches to the digital documentation of architectural heritage. Existing digital platforms predominantly document individual architectural objects, while...

(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3,618 Views
21 Pages

Study on Liking and Disliking in the Historical Urban Landscape of Ibarra, Ecuador

  • Morella Briceño-Avila,
  • Ernesto Antonio Ponsot-Balaguer and
  • Alfonso Rondón-González

22 July 2023

This article presents the results of a study on opinions on the elements and spaces of the historical urban landscape in Ibarra, Ecuador. This research aimed to propose an objective way of interpreting historical landscapes based on the opinions of p...

(This article belongs to the Collection Culture and Development in Small and Medium-Sized Cities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,583 Views
25 Pages

12 December 2025

Suzhou’s historic city center serves as a significant repository of Jiangnan cultural memory. However, ongoing urban modernization and large-scale population inflows have introduced notable challenges to heritage preservation, particularly defi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Preservation as a Basis for Sustainable Development and Transformation of Historic Urban Landscapes (Second Edition))
  • Article
  • Open Access
133 Views
34 Pages

From Heritage Diagnosis to Integrated Urban Rehabilitation: A Spatial Strategy for Gibara’s Historic Coastal Landscape

  • Yisell Fernández-Escobar,
  • Libys Martha Zúñiga-Igarza,
  • Alexander Sánchez-Rodríguez,
  • Gelmar García-Vidal and ,
  • Rodobaldo Martínez-Vivar and
  • Reyner Pérez-Campdesuñer
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

31 October 2026

Rehabilitating historic urban landscapes requires integrating built heritage conservation with the spatial, functional, environmental, and socioeconomic conditions that shape sustainable urban transformation. This study developed an integrated urban...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Preservation as a Basis for Sustainable Development and Transformation of Historic Urban Landscapes (Second Edition))
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
7,297 Views
33 Pages

6 December 2024

In the face of external shocks from urbanization and the inherent needs of economic development, it is essential for urban and rural heritage to adapt timely to achieve sustainability in development. Employing Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) methodolo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Preservation as a Basis for Sustainable Development and Transformation of Historic Urban Landscapes)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
3,989 Views
25 Pages

26 February 2022

Peri-urban areas constitute an enormous resource in terms of natural capital, landscape heritage and economic activities, but, at the same time, they are often affected by physical and socio-economic degradation, drawing the attention of decision mak...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agroforestry Systems and Sustainable Development: New Challenges for Landscape Planning)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,678 Views
25 Pages

Beyond conserving urban heritage, the concept of historic urban landscapes (HULs) aims to tackle poverty and inequality, as well as to improve the quality of human settlements, through a people-centered approach in the context of rapid urbanization....

(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,596 Views
15 Pages

17 June 2024

Historic urban landscape (HUL) are essential for preserving the cultural continuity of traditional Chinese villages. Utilizing heritage management approaches to manage historic urban landscapes has significant implications for innovating the governan...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Sustainable Advances in Cultural Heritage Conservation and Archaeometry)
  • Article
  • Open Access
235 Views
53 Pages

Operationalizing the Historic Urban Landscape Framework Through Heritage-Sensitive Urban Data Platforms: A Blueprint from Spa Settlements

  • Uroš Šošević,
  • Nikola Cvetković,
  • Aleksandra Milovanović,
  • Mladen Pešić and ,
  • Stefan Janković,
  • Verica Krstić,
  • Milica Milojević,
  • Jelena Ristić Trajković,
  • Ana Nikezić and
  • Vladan Djokić
  • + 6 authors+ 1 author

28 October 2026

Urban data platforms increasingly support heritage documentation, analysis, and management, yet their integration with the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) framework remains fragmented, particularly in translating complex morphological and heritage kno...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geoheritage: Value Creation and Sustainable Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
9,779 Views
15 Pages

The Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the Governance of World Heritage in Urban Contexts: Reflections from Three European Cities

  • Teresa Cunha Ferreira,
  • Julia Rey-Pérez,
  • Ana Pereira Roders,
  • Ana Tarrafa Silva and ,
  • Isabel Coimbra and
  • Isabel Breda Vazquez
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

6 May 2023

Governance, and specifically local management and institutional systems, is among the key factors affecting the management of World Heritage (WH) properties in urban contexts. The adoption of the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Lands...

(This article belongs to the Section Urban Contexts and Urban-Rural Interactions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,108 Views
32 Pages

8 July 2026

This study examines how the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach, proposed by UNESCO, can support the integration of leftover heritage buildings while balancing conservation with sustainable urban development. Furthermore, it investigates how the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reframing Urban Morphology: Heritage, Sustainability, and Contemporary Urban Transformation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,482 Views
23 Pages

20 December 2022

The historic urban landscape (HUL) is the result of the continuous dynamic process of production, interaction, and accumulation. It is full of information from bygone years and remains to this day as a living witness of antiquity and a benefit to the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
6,880 Views
20 Pages

29 March 2024

In 2011, a new approach was introduced into the management of heritage on Ilha de Moçambique by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Known as the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach, this seeks to expand current understanding of the island&rs...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,526 Views
33 Pages

16 June 2025

Urban historic parks face the dual challenge of achieving the living preservation of historic buildings while enhancing contemporary visitor satisfaction. In the context of accelerating urbanization and growing demand for immersive cultural experienc...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Construction Engineering—2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
7,632 Views
29 Pages

19 June 2019

The landscape, as an archive of the traces of the history of man and nature, can be considered a holistic indicator of sustainable, inclusive, safe, resilient cities as set out in Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. The UNESCO Recommendations on...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operationalizing the Circular City Model for Metropolitan and Port Cities Regeneration: Multiple Approaches, Tools and Evaluations)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,284 Views
23 Pages

The Recommendation on Historic Urban Landscape for Conserving Latin American and Caribbean Cities: Scope, Comprehension and Implementation

  • Sebastián Astudillo-Cordero,
  • Julia Rey-Pérez,
  • Jessica Ortiz-Fernández,
  • Elena Jerves-Hermida and
  • Maria Eugenia Siguencia

This study presents the first systematic regional assessment of how the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach has been understood and applied in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) cities between 2011 and 2022. The HUL approach is framed as a socio-...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessing Values in Sustainable Heritage Conservation: Between Theory and Practice)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,868 Views
32 Pages

29 November 2025

Rapid urbanization poses a significant challenge to striking a balance between urban development and heritage conservation, particularly in historic urban environments. In this regard, UNESCO’s Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach reconceptu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
5,129 Views
16 Pages

16 February 2020

In the process of urbanization and globalization, urban conservation reinforces the links among past, present, and future, which enhances local identity and is indispensable for urban sustainability. The concept of Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), as...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Performance-Oriented Integrative Sustainability Approaches to Architecture, Urban Design and Landscape Architecture)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,107 Views
30 Pages

5 March 2026

Sui–Tang Luoyang represents a classic achievement in Chinese capital planning, yet research remains dominated by archaeological and historical–geographical approaches, lacking a unifying theoretical framework. This research addresses this...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,248 Views
30 Pages

26 January 2026

Sustainability assessment in UNESCO World Heritage city centres often treats spatial configuration, functional accessibility, and heritage governance as separate analytical domains. This study addresses this fragmentation by developing a composite as...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socially Sustainable Urban and Architectural Design)

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