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Socially Sustainable Urban and Architectural Design

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Green Building".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 9768

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Interests: space syntax; social interactions; spatial configuration; wayfinding; environmental psychology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the face of rapid urbanization and evolving societal needs, designing socially sustainable urban and architectural environments has become increasingly critical. Socially sustainable design holds the potential to enhance quality of life, foster community interactions, and promote human-centered functionality within urban settings. However, despite its essential role in shaping vibrant, interactive, and resilient communities, socially sustainable design remains an underrepresented focus within urban sustainability research. Integrating this dimension into the built environment is not only practical but crucial for creating cities that are sociable, equitable, and pedestrian-friendly.

This Special Issue seeks contributions that explore the diverse aspects of socially sustainable design within the built environment, with a particular focus on factors that create spaces conducive to social interaction and community building. Key themes include the influence of urban morphology and spatial configuration on fostering social environments. Research employing Space Syntax analysis is especially encouraged, given its capacity to reveal how spatial arrangements can facilitate meaningful social interactions within urban and architectural spaces.

We invite submissions that address the current knowledge gaps in this field, including original research and systematic reviews. Relevant topics include, but are not limited to, the integration of cultural norms in social activities, exploring pedestrian behaviors in public spaces across various times and weather conditions, and understanding the role of sensory experiences in shaping social behavior. Studies addressing socio-spatial inequalities, particularly among underserved demographics and people with disabilities, are also encouraged. In addition, we seek research examining how spatial design elements, such as seating arrangements, street furniture, and lighting design, can enhance social connectivity and elevate spatial quality.

This Issue further welcomes research on innovative, underexplored areas, such as the social potential of less accessible urban zones that often go unnoticed in conventional urban studies. Contributors are particularly encouraged to adopt mixed-method approaches, integrating cutting-edge technologies with traditional social science and urban planning methods. Converting theoretical frameworks from environmental psychology—such as sense of security, perception, and cognitive studies, wayfinding behaviors, and place attachment—into practical insights is especially welcomed, as these dimensions are closely correlated with mental well-being and quality of life. By broadening the scope of contributions, we aim to attract interdisciplinary perspectives that can pave the way for socially sustainable built environment.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but not limited to) the following:

  • Socially sustainable built environment;
  • Social interaction in public spaces;
  • Urban morphology and social behavior;
  • Space syntax analysis;
  • Socio-spatial inequality;
  • Pedestrian behavior and social interaction;
  • Accessibility in urban spaces;
  • Wayfinding and spatial cognition;
  • Place attachment and mental well-being;
  • Social sustainability and quality of life.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Reza Askarizad
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • socially sustainable built environment
  • social interaction in public spaces
  • urban morphology
  • space syntax
  • socio-spatial inequality
  • pedestrian behavior
  • wayfinding and spatial cognition
  • mental well-being
  • social sustainability

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 4183 KB  
Article
Mediating Perception and Participation: Abstract Urban Sculptures in Augmented Reality (AR) and Web3 Environments for Socially Sustainable Design
by Dejan Ecet, Goran Segedinac, Stanislav Grgić, Isidora Đurić, Saša Medić, Zoran D. Jeličić, Milan Rapaić and Jelena Atanacković Jeličić
Sustainability 2025, 17(23), 10512; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172310512 - 24 Nov 2025
Viewed by 191
Abstract
Social sustainability in urban and architectural design depends on inclusive, participatory processes that empower communities to actively engage in shaping their environments. This study investigates how emerging digital platforms, specifically Augmented Reality (AR) and decentralized platforms built on blockchain technology (Web3), can function [...] Read more.
Social sustainability in urban and architectural design depends on inclusive, participatory processes that empower communities to actively engage in shaping their environments. This study investigates how emerging digital platforms, specifically Augmented Reality (AR) and decentralized platforms built on blockchain technology (Web3), can function as instruments for broadening public participation and enhancing perceptual access to urban art proposals. An original algorithm generated nine digital abstract sculptures, each with descriptive attributes forming the basis for qualitative analysis across different visualization modes: traditional renderings, Augmented Reality environments, and NFT-based Web3 representations. Through participant voting, each digital sculpture accumulated a measurable level of preference that served to identify which sculpture was perceived as most successful within each visualization context. Comparative analysis revealed how distinct digital interactions shape perception, engagement, and inclusivity of feedback processes. Regression models further predicted voting outcomes, showing that different sculptural attributes played a dominant role depending on the type of visualization. Findings indicate that platform-specific technological affordances substantially shape participatory outcomes. Consequently, the study argues that careful analysis and selection of the digital platform must precede any participatory process, as platform-specific affordances fundamentally condition the inclusivity, accessibility, and overall effectiveness of public engagement in socially sustainable design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socially Sustainable Urban and Architectural Design)
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27 pages, 6945 KB  
Article
Living Architecture: The Role of Intermediate Spaces in the Social Sustainability of Andean Rural Housing
by Valentina Dall’Orto and Karina Monteros Cueva
Sustainability 2025, 17(18), 8267; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17188267 - 15 Sep 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1617
Abstract
The rural dwelling in southern Ecuador’s Andean region is the product of a long-term process of cultural and technical hybridization in which colonial typologies are overlaid with local building know-how adapted to temperate and cold climates. This study examines how intermediate spaces—portals, hallways, [...] Read more.
The rural dwelling in southern Ecuador’s Andean region is the product of a long-term process of cultural and technical hybridization in which colonial typologies are overlaid with local building know-how adapted to temperate and cold climates. This study examines how intermediate spaces—portals, hallways, patios, porches, and corridors—operate as fundamental strategies for social sustainability. These spaces facilitate interaction between domestic interiors and the surrounding environment, mediate social relations, and accommodate productive, ritual, and everyday practices. Methodologically, the research integrates morphological and typological analysis with ethnographic methods and detailed graphic representations, yielding a spatial ethnography of thirty-five dwellings distributed across distinct ecological zones of Loja Province. The findings reveal how intermediate spaces undergo transformation, appropriation, and reconfiguration over time, demonstrating notable functional adaptability while maintaining cultural continuity. Beyond environmental and climatic functions, these spaces act as vital hubs of community life, sustaining intergenerational knowledge transmission, syncretic rituals, and household microeconomies. Their logics of spatial mediation and multifunctionality position them as key architectural devices that foster the social and cultural resilience of Andean rural housing. Understanding their configuration and use offers actionable insights for contemporary design, enabling the critical reinterpretation of vernacular principles to address ongoing challenges of habitability, sustainability, and belonging in evolving rural contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socially Sustainable Urban and Architectural Design)
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21 pages, 3453 KB  
Article
Explaining Urban Vitality Through Interpretable Machine Learning: A Big Data Approach Using Street View Images and Environmental Factors
by Dong Li, Houzeng Han, Jian Wang and Xingxing Xiao
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4926; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114926 - 27 May 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1621
Abstract
Urban vitality (UV) is a critical indicator for measuring the level of sustainable urban development, closely associated with environmental factors such as population density, economic activity, and spatial utilization efficiency. However, traditional methods face significant limitations in capturing the heterogeneity and nonlinear relationships [...] Read more.
Urban vitality (UV) is a critical indicator for measuring the level of sustainable urban development, closely associated with environmental factors such as population density, economic activity, and spatial utilization efficiency. However, traditional methods face significant limitations in capturing the heterogeneity and nonlinear relationships between urban vitality and its influencing factors. This study suggests an interpretable machine learning framework to address the aforementioned issues. It combines a gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model with the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) framework to examine the urban vitality distribution characteristics and factors that influence them in Beijing’s fifth ring road. The main findings include the following: Urban vitality within Beijing’s fifth ring road exhibits significant spatial clustering and positive correlations, with clear spatial heterogeneity. The plot ratio (PR) exerts a notable positive influence on urban vitality, while green space accessibility (DG) demonstrates the strongest negative impact. The building density (BD), in contrast, shows a strong negative correlation with urban vitality. Variables such as the NDVI, average housing price (AHP), and road network density (RND) contribute significantly to urban vitality, reflecting the combined effects of vegetation coverage, economic conditions, and transportation layout. The findings provide a quantitative analytical tool for urban planning, facilitating resource optimization, improving urban vitality, and supporting scientific and rational decision-making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socially Sustainable Urban and Architectural Design)
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30 pages, 9649 KB  
Article
Bridging the Green Space Divide: A Big Data-Driven Analysis of Park Accessibility Inequities in Chinese Megacities Using Enhanced 3SFCA Modeling
by Yiwen Sun, Hang Li, Xianhua Guo and Chao Gao
Sustainability 2025, 17(5), 2059; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052059 - 27 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1717
Abstract
This study enhances our understanding of urban park accessibility and social equity through a novel methodological framework in Chengdu, China. By improving the three-step floating catchment area (3SFCA) method with space syntax metrics and multi-modal transportation analysis, we identify spatial disparities in green [...] Read more.
This study enhances our understanding of urban park accessibility and social equity through a novel methodological framework in Chengdu, China. By improving the three-step floating catchment area (3SFCA) method with space syntax metrics and multi-modal transportation analysis, we identify spatial disparities in green space access. Our methodology, validated with Baidu heat map data, demonstrates improved accuracy in estimating population demand patterns. Key findings include: (1) The enhanced 3SFCA method outperforms traditional approaches in predicting park accessibility, providing reliable evidence for urban planning; (2) significant accessibility disparities exist across transportation modes, particularly affecting non-motorized transport users; (3) newly developed areas show greater park access inequities than established neighborhoods; (4) important mismatches exist between park accessibility and vulnerable population distributions. This research provides targeted recommendations for reducing spatial inequities and improving green space access for all residents, particularly benefiting children and elderly populations in rapidly urbanizing contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socially Sustainable Urban and Architectural Design)
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30 pages, 11988 KB  
Article
Analyzing the Influence of Residents’ Sociocultural Reflections on the Spatial Configuration of Historical Persian Residential Architecture
by Seyedeh Maryam Moosavi, Còssima Cornadó and Reza Askarizad
Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 879; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17030879 - 22 Jan 2025
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3650
Abstract
This research investigates the relationship between socio-cultural reflections of residents and spatial diversity in historic Persian residential architecture. Despite the rich architectural heritage of Persian houses, there is limited understanding of how residents’ socio-cultural background influences their spatial arrangements. To address this gap, [...] Read more.
This research investigates the relationship between socio-cultural reflections of residents and spatial diversity in historic Persian residential architecture. Despite the rich architectural heritage of Persian houses, there is limited understanding of how residents’ socio-cultural background influences their spatial arrangements. To address this gap, this study employs space syntax analysis, including axial, visibility graph analysis (VGA), agent-based analysis, and isovist approaches, to explore the genotype of 15 recognized Persian historic residential architectures. The findings reveal that the spatial configurations of these houses are deeply rooted in socio-cultural values, reflecting the diverse societal roles of residents. Variations in spatial arrangements highlight the adaptability of Persian historical houses in balancing privacy and sociability, influenced by the socio-cultural attributes of their occupants. The study also emphasizes the significance of transitional spaces in controlling social interactions with strangers to support cultural practices. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a syntactic analysis of the socio-cultural underpinnings of Persian architectural typologies, offering insights that extend beyond Shiraz to the broader central Iranian context. The study concludes by advocating for practical policy implications and culturally rooted architectural design guidelines for Iranian construction engineering organizations to implement in their housing design projects. These insights can ultimately inform the development of contemporary housing in Iran, fostering a new wave of housing that is both culturally resonant and functionally innovative, while supporting socially sustainable living environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socially Sustainable Urban and Architectural Design)
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