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8 pages, 1182 KiB  
Case Report
The First Schaalia (Formerly Actinomyces) Canis-Related Osteomyelitis Requiring Surgical Intervention
by Patrick Nugraha, Tzong-Yang Pan, Paul Di Giovine, Nigel Mann and William Murphy
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2025, 17(4), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/idr17040094 (registering DOI) - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
Schaalia canis is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium originally isolated from the mucosa and skin of dogs. While it is a part of the normal canine oral flora, it has rarely been implicated in human disease, with only one prior case of [...] Read more.
Schaalia canis is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium originally isolated from the mucosa and skin of dogs. While it is a part of the normal canine oral flora, it has rarely been implicated in human disease, with only one prior case of cellulitis reported following a dog bite. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 57-year-old immunocompetent man who developed osteomyelitis of the left index finger following a delayed presentation after a dog bite. Despite initial conservative management with empirical oral antibiotics, the infection progressed, eventually requiring surgical debridement and the terminalisation of the finger at the proximal interphalangeal joint. Cultures from intraoperative bone specimens yielded the growth of Schaalia canis, with no other pathogenic organisms identified on the extended culture. Conclusions: This is the first documented case of Schaalia canis-associated osteomyelitis in a human and the first to necessitate a surgical intervention, expanding the known clinical spectrum of this organism. This case underscores the risks of delayed intervention in polymicrobial animal bite wounds and highlights the emerging role of Schaalia species as opportunistic zoonotic pathogens, particularly in the setting of deep, refractory infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Bacterial Diseases)
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17 pages, 3279 KiB  
Article
Rapid Assessment of Ti-6Al-4V Fatigue Limit via Infrared Thermography
by Chiara Colombo, Antonio Salerno, Arthur Teyssiéras and Carlo Alberto Biffi
Metals 2025, 15(8), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15080825 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 261
Abstract
The experimental tests needed for the estimation of the fatigue limit generally require extensive time and many specimens. A valid but not standardized alternative is the thermographic analysis of the self-heating phenomenon. The present work is aimed at using Infrared thermography to determine [...] Read more.
The experimental tests needed for the estimation of the fatigue limit generally require extensive time and many specimens. A valid but not standardized alternative is the thermographic analysis of the self-heating phenomenon. The present work is aimed at using Infrared thermography to determine the fatigue limit in two kinds of Ti-6Al-4V samples obtained by hot rolling: (1) with the standard dog-bone shape (unnotched specimen) and (2) with two opposed semicircular notches at the sides (notched specimen). Uniaxial tensile experiments are performed on unnotched samples, and the surface temperature variation during loading is monitored. The stress corresponding to the end of the thermoelastic stage gives a rough indication of the fatigue limit. Then, fatigue tests at different sinusoidal loads are performed, and the thermographic signal is monitored and processed. The results obtained using lock-in thermography in dissipative mode, e.g., analyzing the second harmonic, showed a sudden change in slope when the applied stress exceeded a certain limit. This slope change is related to the fatigue limit. In addition, the ratio between the fatigue limits obtained for notched and unnotched specimens, e.g., the fatigue strength reduction factor, is consistent with literature values based on the selected geometry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics of Metals (2nd Edition))
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21 pages, 6854 KiB  
Article
Ductile Fracture Prediction in Mg-ZM51M Alloy Using Inverse-Calibrated Damage Models
by Thamer Sami Alhalaybeh, Ashiq Iqbal Chowdhury, Hammad Akhtar and Yanshan Lou
Metals 2025, 15(7), 722; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15070722 - 28 Jun 2025
Viewed by 325
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys are gaining widespread use in the automotive and construction industries for their potential to enhance performance and lower manufacturing costs, making them ideal for lightweight structural applications. However, despite these advantages, extruding Mg alloys remains technically challenging due to their [...] Read more.
Magnesium (Mg) alloys are gaining widespread use in the automotive and construction industries for their potential to enhance performance and lower manufacturing costs, making them ideal for lightweight structural applications. However, despite these advantages, extruding Mg alloys remains technically challenging due to their inherently limited formability and the strong crystallographic textures that form during deformation. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the ductile fracture behavior of ZM51M Mg alloy round bars under various stress states and to improve the reliability of ductile failure predictions through the application and calibration of multiple uncoupled damage criteria. Tensile and compressive tests were conducted on specimens of varying geometries (dogbone, notched R5, shear, uniaxial compression, and plane strain compression specimens) and dimensions, meticulously cut along the extrusion direction of the round bar. These tests encompassed a wide spectrum of stress–strain responses and fracture characteristics, including uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression, and shear-dominated states. An inverse analysis approach, involving iterative numerical simulation coupled with experimental data, was employed to precisely determine fracture strains from the test results. The plastic deformation behavior was accurately modeled using the combined Swift–Voce hardening law. Subsequently, three prominent uncoupled ductile fracture criteria—Rice–Tracey, DF2014, and DF2016—were calibrated against the experimental data. The DF2016 criterion demonstrated superior predictive accuracy, consistently yielding the most accurate fracture strain predictions and significantly outperforming the Rice–Tracey and DF2014 criteria across the tested stress states. The findings of this work provide significant insights for improving the assessment of formability and fracture prediction in Mg alloys. This research directly contributes to overcoming the challenges associated with their inherent formability limitations and complex deformation textures, thereby facilitating more reliable design and broader adoption of Mg alloys in advanced lightweight structural solutions. Full article
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24 pages, 10529 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Differentially Expressed Genes in Human and Canine Osteosarcoma
by Jorja Jackson-Oxley, Aziza A. Alibhai, Jack Guerin, Rachel Thompson, Rodhan Patke, Anna E. Harris, Corinne L. Woodcock, Dhruvika Varun, Maria Haque, Tinyiko K. Modikoane, Amber A. Kumari, Jennifer Lothion-Roy, Simone de Brot, Mark D. Dunning, Jennie N. Jeyapalan, Nigel P. Mongan and Catrin S. Rutland
Life 2025, 15(6), 951; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15060951 - 12 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1070
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most prevalent bone malignancy in people and dogs. Current survival rates show the need for advances in novel therapies to help overcome the growth, survival and metastatic progression of the cancer. Canine models are often used to advance prognostic [...] Read more.
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most prevalent bone malignancy in people and dogs. Current survival rates show the need for advances in novel therapies to help overcome the growth, survival and metastatic progression of the cancer. Canine models are often used to advance prognostic and treatment opportunities for OSA due to the similarities in the disease between species. This study focusses on the genetic and molecular similarities of OSA between human and canine specimens. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were compared and identified in canine and human OSA tumours, revealing 86 common genes, 36 having high and 50 having low expression. Further immunohistochemical analysis of the corresponding proteins of three identified DEGs (ASPN, STK3, BAMBI) allowed for the visualisation of protein expression in canine OSA tissues (n = 19). Overall nuclear and cytoplasmic H-scores were generated, and nuclear and cytoplasmic scores in males and females and in different anatomical locations (axial versus appendicular) were also investigated, presenting unique opportunities to understand the expression in this cancer type. This study contributes to a deeper knowledge of genetic pathways changes and identifies avenues for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of OSA in people and dogs, whilst encompassing the One Health concept in medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genetics and Genomics)
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15 pages, 1975 KiB  
Article
Cathepsin B Levels Correlate with the Severity of Canine Myositis
by Valeria De Pasquale, Emanuela Vaccaro, Federica Rossin, Mariangela Ciampa, Melania Scarcella, Orlando Paciello and Simona Tafuri
Biomolecules 2025, 15(5), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15050743 - 21 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 619
Abstract
Cathepsins are protease enzymes vital for normal physiological functions, such as digestion, coagulation, hormone secretion, bone resorption, apoptosis, autophagy, and both innate and adaptive immunity. Their altered expression and/or activity is associated with various pathological conditions, including inflammatory processes. In this study, we [...] Read more.
Cathepsins are protease enzymes vital for normal physiological functions, such as digestion, coagulation, hormone secretion, bone resorption, apoptosis, autophagy, and both innate and adaptive immunity. Their altered expression and/or activity is associated with various pathological conditions, including inflammatory processes. In this study, we investigated the expression levels of cathepsins in muscle specimens collected from dogs affected by inflammatory myopathy (IM) of variable severity established through histopathological analysis. Samples collected from dogs affected by IM at mild, moderate, and severe stages and from healthy (control) dogs were analyzed for the expression profile of 35 proteases using a proteome profiler array. Among the other proteases, cathepsin B was upregulated to an extent depending on disease progression. By exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of cathepsin B on the disease, we found that the upregulation of cathepsin B in diseased tissues correlates with increased TGFβ-1 expression levels and elevated phosphorylation levels of the TGFβ-1 signaling mediator SMAD2/3. These results suggest that cathepsin B might be involved in the onset and progression of fibrosis commonly occurring in IM diseased dogs. Overall, our findings reveal that modulating cathepsin B activity may hold therapeutic potential for IM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biological Factors)
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19 pages, 2004 KiB  
Article
Composite Magnetic Filaments: From Fabrication to Magnetic Hyperthermia Application
by Athanasios Alexandridis, Apostolos Argyros, Pavlos Kyriazopoulos, Ioannis Genitseftsis, Nikiforos Okkalidis, Nikolaos Michailidis, Makis Angelakeris and Antonios Makridis
Micromachines 2025, 16(3), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16030328 - 12 Mar 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 979
Abstract
The printing of composite magnetic filaments using additive manufacturing techniques has emerged as a promising approach for biomedical applications, particularly in bone tissue engineering and magnetic hyperthermia treatments. This study focuses on the synthesis of nanocomposite ferromagnetic filaments and the fabrication of bone [...] Read more.
The printing of composite magnetic filaments using additive manufacturing techniques has emerged as a promising approach for biomedical applications, particularly in bone tissue engineering and magnetic hyperthermia treatments. This study focuses on the synthesis of nanocomposite ferromagnetic filaments and the fabrication of bone tissue scaffolds with time-dependent properties. Three classes of polylactic acid-based biocompatible polymers—EasyFil, Tough and Premium—were combined with magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) at concentrations of 10 wt% and 20 wt%. Extruded filaments were evaluated for microstructural integrity, printed dog-bone-shaped specimens were tested for elongation and mechanical properties, and cylindrical scaffolds were analyzed for magnetic hyperthermia performance. The tensile strength of EasyFil polylactic acid decreased from 1834 MPa (0 wt% Fe3O4) to 1130 MPa (−38%) at 20 wt% Fe3O4, while Premium polylactic acid showed a more moderate reduction from 1800 MPa to 1567 MPa (−13%). The elongation at break was reduced across all samples, with the highest decrease observed in EasyFil polylactic acid (from 42% to 26%, −38%). Magnetic hyperthermia performance, measured by the specific absorption rate, demonstrated that the 20 wt% Fe3O4 scaffolds achieved specific absorption rate values of 2–7.5 W/g, depending on polymer type. Our results show that by carefully selecting the right thermoplastic material, we can balance both mechanical integrity and thermal efficiency. Among the tested materials, Tough polylactic acid composites demonstrated the most promising potential for magnetic hyperthermia applications, providing optimal heating performance without significantly compromising scaffold strength. These findings offer critical insights into designing magnetic scaffolds optimized for tissue regeneration and hyperthermia-based therapies. Full article
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20 pages, 5261 KiB  
Article
Influence of Test Configuration on the Bond–Slip Behavior of Hooked-End Steel Fibers in Concrete: Quantity, Inclination, and Spacing
by Jonatas Santana Maia, Ramoel Serafini, Maria Luísa Ribeiro Mineiro, Alicia Martinez Batista and Ronney Rodrigues Agra
Buildings 2025, 15(6), 868; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15060868 - 11 Mar 2025
Viewed by 659
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the influence of test configuration on the pullout response of hooked-end steel fibers embedded in a cementitious matrix and to analyze how variations in quantity, inclination, and spacing affect discrete–explicit numerical simulations. The experimental campaign [...] Read more.
The objective of this study is to assess the influence of test configuration on the pullout response of hooked-end steel fibers embedded in a cementitious matrix and to analyze how variations in quantity, inclination, and spacing affect discrete–explicit numerical simulations. The experimental campaign was conducted using dog-bone-shaped specimens with variables of number of fibers (one, two, and four), fiber inclination (0°, 15°, and 30°), and spacing (7 mm and 14 mm), with 133 specimens tested (19 per configuration). The results obtained showed that fiber inclination significantly influences pullout behavior, with higher inclinations (up to 30°) increasing pullout loads (PL1 and PL2 being the maximum pullout and the intermediate pullout load values, respectively) but also leading to fiber rupture in approximately 21% of cases. Closely spaced fibers (7 mm) demonstrated enhanced load transfer compared to wider spacing (14 mm), particularly in setups with multiple fibers. Increasing the number of fibers reduced variability in pullout results, providing more consistent data. Numerical simulations effectively capture fiber–matrix interactions, with load–CMOD curves generally aligning with experimental data. However, discrepancies in the fR1 parameter highlighted the need for further calibration to improve accuracy in modeling early cracking stages. These findings underscore the importance of fiber configuration in optimizing pullout performance and the potential for refining numerical models to better predict post-cracking behavior in steel fiber-reinforced concrete. Full article
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20 pages, 4257 KiB  
Article
Sensitivity Analysis of 3D Printing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Fused Deposition Modeling-Printed Polylactic Acid Parts
by Marta Mencarelli, Mattia Sisella, Luca Puggelli, Bernardo Innocenti and Yary Volpe
Appl. Mech. 2025, 6(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech6010017 - 28 Feb 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1331
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of various printing parameters on the tensile, compressive, and bending stiffness of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts through a comprehensive full factorial design of experiment. Key factors, including infill percentage, infill pattern, number of outer [...] Read more.
This study investigates the influence of various printing parameters on the tensile, compressive, and bending stiffness of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts through a comprehensive full factorial design of experiment. Key factors, including infill percentage, infill pattern, number of outer shells, and part orientation, were systematically varied to quantify their impact on mechanical performance. A total of 36 parameter combinations, selected based on a literature review and experimental feasibility, were tested using standardized specimens: beams for bending, cylinders for compression, and dogbones for tensile testing. Mechanical tests were performed according to ISO 5893:2019, employing a 1 kN load cell to determine stiffness and elastic modulus. The results indicate that the number of outer shells and infill density are the most influential parameters, whereas infill pattern and part orientation have a minor effect, depending on the loading condition. This study provides a novel and robust evaluation of the interactions between key printing parameters, offering new insights into optimizing the mechanical properties of FDM-printed parts. These findings establish a foundation for further optimization and material selection in future additive manufacturing research. Full article
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18 pages, 5277 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Influence of Manufacturing on Filament Production and Its Impact on Additive Manufactured Structures
by Mohamed Refat, Robert Maertens, Patrick Weiss, Frank Henning, Volker Schulze and Wilfried V. Liebig
Polymers 2025, 17(5), 651; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17050651 - 28 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1047
Abstract
In this study, the effect of various parameters of a single screw extruder on the rheology and mechanical properties of a polylactic acid (PLA) filament with a 1.75 mm diameter was investigated. The barrel temperature, nozzle and cooling bath temperature, screw speed, nozzle [...] Read more.
In this study, the effect of various parameters of a single screw extruder on the rheology and mechanical properties of a polylactic acid (PLA) filament with a 1.75 mm diameter was investigated. The barrel temperature, nozzle and cooling bath temperature, screw speed, nozzle diameter, water bath length, and distance to the nozzle were the process variables. A Taguchi experimental design was implemented using an L8 orthogonal matrix with seven factors and two levels, and their influence on roundness and diameter were evaluated. Among the various processing parameters, the temperature of the cooling bath affected the roundness the most. The mechanical properties and surface roughness of the PLA filament were examined using a tensile test and nanofocus optical system, respectively. Moreover, to assess the filament’s reliability and investigate its behavior further, the filament was used to print 0° plates, and then dog-bone samples were cut from them to evaluate the mechanical properties of the printed specimens. Finally, the results indicate that improved-roundness filaments of 0.004 mm can lead to enhanced mechanical properties in 3D-printed samples with 3.54 MPa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical and Physical Properties of 3D Printed Polymer Materials)
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15 pages, 9679 KiB  
Technical Note
Taphonomy as a Methodological Approach for the Study of Dog Domestication: Application to the Prehistoric Site of Peña Moñuz (Guadalajara, Spain)
by Idoia Claver, Verónica Estaca-Gómez, Gonzalo J. Linares-Matás, Jesús Alberto Arenas-Esteban and José Yravedra
Heritage 2025, 8(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8010034 - 19 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 885
Abstract
The study of early dog domestication has been the focus of considerable scholarly interest in recent years, prompting extensive research aimed at pinpointing the precise temporal and geographic origins of this process. However, a consensus among studies remains elusive, with various research efforts [...] Read more.
The study of early dog domestication has been the focus of considerable scholarly interest in recent years, prompting extensive research aimed at pinpointing the precise temporal and geographic origins of this process. However, a consensus among studies remains elusive, with various research efforts proposing differing timelines and locations for domestication. To address the questions related to the domestication process, researchers have employed a wide range of methodologies, including genetic, biomolecular, morphometric, paleontological, biometric, and isotopic analyses, as well as dental wear analysis to reconstruct paleodiets. Each of these approaches requires access to fossil canid specimens, given that they work directly with the skeletal remains of dogs or wolves. Alternatively, some methods can yield insights into the domestication process without necessitating the physical remains of these canids. Taphonomy, for instance, enables the study of bone surfaces for tooth marks, which may serve as indirect indicators of carnivore activity, potentially attributable to dogs or wolves. This study applies a high-resolution taphonomic analysis to bones modified by carnivores at the prehistoric site of Peña Moñuz. Our aim is to identify the specific carnivores responsible for the observed bone modifications. The findings demonstrate the efficacy of this technique in identifying the agents of bite marks, suggesting that taphonomy may complement the paleogenetic, paleontological, and isotopic methodologies traditionally used to explore the origins of dog domestication Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Archaeological Heritage)
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41 pages, 4892 KiB  
Systematic Review
Histomorphometric Assessment of Non-Decalcified Plastic-Embedded Specimens for Evaluation of Bone Regeneration Using Bone Substitute Materials—A Systematic Review
by Varvara-Velika Rogova, Stefan Peev, Ralitsa Yotsova, Tsvetalina Gerova-Vatsova and Ivaylo Parushev
Materials 2025, 18(1), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18010119 - 30 Dec 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1541
Abstract
With the implementation of bone substitute materials, regeneration strategies have inevitably evolved over the years. Histomorphometry is the optimal means of quantitative evaluation of bone structure and morphology. This systematic review focuses on determining study models, staining methods and histomorphometric parameters used for [...] Read more.
With the implementation of bone substitute materials, regeneration strategies have inevitably evolved over the years. Histomorphometry is the optimal means of quantitative evaluation of bone structure and morphology. This systematic review focuses on determining study models, staining methods and histomorphometric parameters used for bone regeneration research on non-decalcified plastic-embedded specimens over the last 10 years. After being subjected to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 118 studies were included in this review. The results establish the most commonly selected animal model is rat, followed by rabbit, sheep and dog. Strong preference for staining samples with toluidine blue was noted. With regard to histomorphometric parameters, terms related to bone were most frequently assessed, amounting to almost half of recorded parameters. New bone formation was the main descriptor of this category. Residual bone graft and non-bone tissue parameters were also often evaluated. With regard to dynamic histomorphometry, mineral apposition rate (MAR) was the parameter of choice for most researchers, with calcein green being the preferred dye for fluorochrome labelling. An overview of the contemporary literature, as well as weaknesses in the current research protocols have been discussed. Full article
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21 pages, 12652 KiB  
Article
On the Choice of the Characteristic Length in the NMMD Model for the Simulation of Brittle Fractures
by Guangda Lu
Buildings 2024, 14(12), 3932; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14123932 - 10 Dec 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 920
Abstract
The recently proposed nonlocal macro–meso-scale consistent damage (NMMD) model has been applied successfully to various static and dynamic fracture problems. The characteristic length in the NMMD model, although proven to be necessary for the mesh insensitivity of a strain-softening regime, remains to be [...] Read more.
The recently proposed nonlocal macro–meso-scale consistent damage (NMMD) model has been applied successfully to various static and dynamic fracture problems. The characteristic length in the NMMD model, although proven to be necessary for the mesh insensitivity of a strain-softening regime, remains to be estimated indirectly with considerable arbitrariness. Such an issue also exists in other nonlocal models, e.g., peridynamics and phase field models. To overcome this obstacle, a series of dog-bone specimens composed of polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) material with and without circular defects are investigated in this paper. It is found that the NMMD model with the appropriate influence radius can correctly capture the experimentally observed size effect of the defect, which challenges the conventional local criteria without involving the characteristic length. In addition to being directly measurable and identifiable in experiments, based on the two-scale mechanism of the NMMD model, the characteristic length is also theoretically calibrated to be related to the ratio of the fracture toughness to the tensile strength of the material. Comparisons with the predictions of other modified nonlocalized criteria involving some characteristic length demonstrate the superior ability of the NMMD model to simulate brittle crack initiation and propagation from a non-singular boundary. The revalidation of short bending beams demonstrates that theoretical calibration is also suitable for problems of mixed-mode fractures with stress singularity. Although limited to brittle materials like PMMA, the current work could be generalized to the analysis of quasi-brittle or even ductile fractures in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Technology and Properties of Composite Materials)
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26 pages, 1841 KiB  
Review
Histomorphometric Analysis of Osseointegrated Intraosseous Dental Implants Using Undecalcified Specimens: A Scoping Review
by Stefan Peev, Ralitsa Yotsova and Ivaylo Parushev
Biomimetics 2024, 9(11), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9110672 - 3 Nov 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2413
Abstract
Bone histology and histomorphometry are reliable diagnostic tools for the assessment of the bone–implant interface, material safety and biocompatibility, and tissue response. They allow for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of undecalcified bone specimens. This scoping review aims to identify the most common [...] Read more.
Bone histology and histomorphometry are reliable diagnostic tools for the assessment of the bone–implant interface, material safety and biocompatibility, and tissue response. They allow for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of undecalcified bone specimens. This scoping review aims to identify the most common staining techniques, study models for in vivo experiments, and histomorphometric parameters used for quantitative bone evaluation of osseointegrated dental implants in the last decade. The Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched on 1 July 2024 for relevant articles in English, published in the last ten years, and the data were exported to an MS Excel spreadsheet. A total of 115 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the present review. The results indicate that the most common study models are dogs, rabbits, and pigs. Some of the most frequently used methods for the assessment of the bone–implant interface are the Toluidine blue, Stevenel’s blue with Van Gieson, and Levai–Laczko stainings. The results from this study demonstrate that the most commonly used histomorphometric parameters in implant dentistry are the bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO), bone area (BA), and bone density (BD). This review presents the recent trends in histomorphometric analysis of dental implants and identifies some research gaps that necessitate further research. Full article
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13 pages, 4293 KiB  
Article
Tensile Properties of 3D-Printed Jute-Reinforced Composites via Stereolithography
by M. Azizur Rahman, Arafath Mohiv, M. Tauhiduzzaman, Md. Kharshiduzzaman, Md. Ershad Khan, Mohammad Rejaul Haque and Md. Shahnewaz Bhuiyan
Appl. Mech. 2024, 5(4), 773-785; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech5040043 - 31 Oct 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1974
Abstract
This paper investigates the tensile properties of jute-reinforced composites fabricated using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing. Tensile tests were conducted using dog-bone tensile specimens following ASTM D638 Type IV specifications. Additionally, the study explores the effect of layer thickness on the tensile properties of [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the tensile properties of jute-reinforced composites fabricated using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing. Tensile tests were conducted using dog-bone tensile specimens following ASTM D638 Type IV specifications. Additionally, the study explores the effect of layer thickness on the tensile properties of the 3D-printed composite material, examining four different layer thicknesses: 0.025 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.075 mm, and 0.1 mm. The findings revealed that the tensile strength of the 3D-printed jute-reinforced composites increased with the printing layer thickness, reaching its maximum at a layer thickness of 0.1 mm. This represents an enhancement of approximately 84% compared to pure resin. Examination of the fiber–matrix interface under an optical microscope revealed a wavy pattern, suggesting that the interface may act as a mechanical interlock under tensile loads, thereby significantly enhancing tensile strength. The strength of the 3D-printed jute-reinforced composites was found to be comparable to that of glass fiber mat epoxy composites. This demonstrates that 3D SLA-printed jute-reinforced composites offer a promising avenue for producing next-generation composites that are typically challenging to manufacture using traditional fabrication techniques. Full article
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13 pages, 9237 KiB  
Article
In-Plane Liftout and Push-to-Pull for In Situ Mechanical Testing of Irradiated Inconel X-750
by Lucia R. Gomez-Hurtado, Tiankai Yao, Fei Teng, Mario D. Matos, Laura Hawkins, Ge Yang and Yachun Wang
Energies 2024, 17(17), 4199; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174199 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1119
Abstract
A streamlined sample preparation method for nanomechanical testing is needed to improve the quality of specimens, reduce the cost, and increase the versatility of specimen fabrication. This work outlines an in-plane liftout focused ion beam (FIB) fabrication procedure to prepare electron-transparent specimens for [...] Read more.
A streamlined sample preparation method for nanomechanical testing is needed to improve the quality of specimens, reduce the cost, and increase the versatility of specimen fabrication. This work outlines an in-plane liftout focused ion beam (FIB) fabrication procedure to prepare electron-transparent specimens for in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) nanomechanical testing. Ion etching and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques were used to lift out a [110] oriented grain from a neutron-irradiated bulk X-750 alloy. Careful control of voltages and currents ensured precision. Top surface thinning sweeps prevented resurfacing and redeposition while dog-bone geometries were shaped with a 1:4 gauge width-to-milling pattern diameter ratio. Nanotensile testing in the TEM with a picoindenter allowed for the estimation of an ultimate tensile strength of 2.41 GPa, and inspection revealed a high density of bubbles in the X-750 matrix. The proposed fabrication procedure is significant for preparing samples from radioactive materials, studying complex structures that are orientation-dependent, and analyzing desired planar areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section B4: Nuclear Energy)
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