Saved Queries

by Manachai Yingklang, Patchana Hengboriboonpong Jaidee, Penchom Janwan, Wanchai Maleewong, Na T. D. Tran and Tongjit Thanchomnang

Insects 2026, 17(4), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17040413 (registering DOI) - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

Pediculosis remains a public health problem among primary schoolchildren worldwide, including in Thailand. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pediculosis and identify associated determinants among primary schoolgirls from different socio-geographic regions of Thailand to inform effective control strategies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 494 schoolgirls from eastern, northeastern, and southern provinces. Data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, personal hygiene practices, parental knowledge and attitudes toward head lice, and school health policies were collected using questionnaires and interviews with school administrators. Univariable analyses and a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with school as a random effect were used to account for clustering. The overall prevalence of pediculosis was 50.81% (95% CI: 46.31–55.20), with significant variation across provinces. In univariable analysis, several factors were associated with infestation. However, after accounting for clustering, only class level (adjusted OR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.31–7.29) and self-performed hair washing (adjusted OR = 2.93; 95% CI: 1.57–5.49) remained significantly associated with pediculosis, while other associations were attenuated. Parental knowledge was moderate, and commonly held beliefs regarding prevention and treatment varied. None of the participating schools had routine head lice screening policies. These findings indicate that pediculosis is likely influenced by both individual and school-level factors. Control efforts may benefit from coordinated school-based approaches, alongside improved access to effective treatment and targeted health education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Other Arthropods and General Topics)

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17 pages, 1093 KB

Open AccessArticle

Smoking Cigarettes and Tooth Loss in Adults: A Population-Based Analysis

by Joanna Bagińska, Katarzyna Zienkiewicz, Wojciech Łaguna, Inga Kamińska, Zofia Stachurska, Marlena Dubatówka, Natalia Sieńkowska, Sebastian Sołomacha and Karol Kamiński

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(8), 2903; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15082903 - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

Introduction: Smoking cigarettes is widely recognized as a significant risk factor for tooth loss. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the association between cigarette smoking, smoking cessation, and the number of remaining teeth in an adult population. Methods: Data from the Bialystok Plus population study, collected between November 2018 and January 2024, were analyzed. Participants were stratified into young (20–44 years), middle-aged (45–64 years), and older (65 years and above) groups. The outcome was the number of lost teeth. Smoking status (non-smoker vs. ever smoker and former smoker vs. current smoker) and smoking duration were the main independent variables. Additional variables included age, sex, dental habits and medical history. Risk factor analysis was done with generalized linear models using the negative binomial family. Results: Ever smoking was significantly associated with tooth count. Differences in the number of remaining teeth between former and current smokers were observed across age groups but not in the overall population. Current smokers exhibited a significantly greater decline in the number of teeth with an increasing fraction of life spent smoking compared to former smokers. Negative binomial regression models showed that ever smoking, when adjusted for age and diabetes, was a risk factor of tooth loss, but a protective effect of smoking cessation was not confirmed. Conclusions: This study confirmed that tobacco addiction is associated with tooth loss. Being a current smoker remained non-significant as a risk factor for tooth loss when compared to former smoker status. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Care: Oral and Systemic Disease Prevention: 2nd Edition)

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17 pages, 5097 KB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Autophagy-Related Gene Expression Profiles with Survival in Diffuse Astrocytic Tumors

by İlker Kiraz, Gözde Topel, Veli Kaan Aydın, Serkan Civlan, Ümit Akın Dere, Mehmet Erdal Coşkun, Nagihan Yalçın, Gergana Lengerova, Martina Bozhkova, Steliyan Petrov and Aylin Köseler

Cancers 2026, 18(8), 1215; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18081215 - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the expression levels of autophagy-related genes (SQSTM1, Beclin1, Atg5, and Atg7) in diffuse astrocytic tumors and clinicopathological parameters, including tumor grade, IDH mutation status, and survival outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 histopathologically confirmed diffuse astrocytic tumor cases were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data were extracted from patient records. Gene expression levels were determined using qRT-PCR and evaluated by the 2^−ΔCt method, where lower ΔCt values indicate higher gene expression. IDH1 R132H mutation status was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in the expression levels of SQSTM1, Beclin1, Atg5, and Atg7 across WHO tumor grades (p > 0.05). However, when analyzed by IDH status, IDH-mutant tumors exhibited significantly higher gene expression levels (demonstrated by lower ΔCt values) of Beclin1 (p = 0.046) and Atg5 (p = 0.027) compared to IDH wild-type tumors. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, age and WHO tumor grades were confirmed as independent prognostic factors. Crucially, higher SQSTM1 expression independently predicted worse clinical outcomes, specifically poorer overall survival (OS) (p = 0.004) and shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.031). Additionally, elevated Beclin1 expression was identified as an independent predictor of worse OS (p = 0.023). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that increased expression of autophagy-related genes, particularly SQSTM1 and Beclin1, serves as a robust indicator of poor prognosis and shorter survival times in diffuse astrocytic tumors. Furthermore, the elevated expression of Beclin1 and Atg5 in IDH-mutant cases highlights a complex metabolic interplay that warrants further investigation as potential therapeutic targets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Tumor Microenvironment)

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36 pages, 5884 KB

Open AccessArticle

Fusing Multi-Source Web Data with an ABC-CNN-GRU-Attention Model for Enhanced Urban Passenger Flow Prediction

by Enqi Luo, Guorui Rao, Shutian Tang, Youxi Luo and Hanfang Li

Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(8), 3730; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16083730 - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

Against the backdrop of smart cities and digital cultural tourism, the accurate prediction of urban passenger flow is of great significance for public security management and resource allocation. However, existing studies mostly rely on single data sources or only perform a simple concatenation of multi-source features, lacking systematic indicator system design. Meanwhile, weekly or monthly data are commonly used with coarse temporal granularity, making it difficult to capture short-term fluctuations and lag effects. To overcome these limitations, this paper collects the daily passenger flow data of Hangzhou from 15 March 2024 to 15 March 2025; integrates multi-dimensional factors such as keyword search trends across platforms, holidays and major events, and online public opinion; and constructs three daily characteristic indicators: online search index, humanistic–meteorological index, and textual sentiment index. The data denoising, dimensionality reduction, and sentiment quantification are realized through methods including SSA, PCA, and SnowNLP. On this basis, a hybrid CNN-GRU model integrated with the attention mechanism is proposed. An improved artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is adopted for global hyperparameter optimization, and a weighted hybrid loss function (JQHL) is introduced to enhance the model’s adaptability to extreme values. The results show that the ABC-CNN-GRU-Attention model, incorporating multi-dimensional indicators, outperforms traditional methods on evaluation metrics, including MAE, RMSE, MAPE, R², and RPD, demonstrating a higher prediction accuracy and robustness. Full article

12 pages, 857 KB

Open AccessReview

Socioeconomic Status and Kidney Disease

by Raul Mancini, Emanuele Di Simone, Alessio Di Maria, Laura Maria Scichilone, Elisa Gavazzoli, Fina Tedros and Fabio Fabbian

Kidney Dial. 2026, 6(2), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial6020025 - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

Social determinants of health (SDoH) are non-medical factors shaped by the socioeconomic status of individuals or communities that influence the onset and progression of diseases and affect their outcomes. We have narratively analyzed the most important findings relating chronic kidney disease (CKD) and SDoH, evaluating the following items: (i) medical care and social determinants of health, (ii) socioeconomic risk for kidney disease at the individual level and (iii) socioeconomic risk for kidney disease at the population level. SDoH can be categorized by how they influence a person’s daily life. Individual factors include personal lifestyle choices such as smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and how a patient spends their non-working time. Community factors include structural elements such as average household income, educational attainment, employment rates, and the quality of the surrounding physical environment. Research consistently shows that a low socioeconomic status is a primary driver of poor clinical outcomes. While healthcare systems vary globally, the negative impact of socioeconomic deprivation on CKD patients remains a constant. Disadvantaged patients experience a faster loss of renal function, and there is a significantly higher incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality compared to those with financial stability. Financial hardship often leads to a “double burden,” where the struggle to afford care triggers a decline in both physical health and mental well-being. To improve patient care, it is essential to raise awareness among healthcare providers regarding the profound impact of these social factors. More precise data and thorough research are needed to fully understand these associations and develop targeted interventions. Full article

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14 pages, 1617 KB

Open AccessArticle

Inhibition of the Primary Bile Acid Synthesis Pathways in SD Rats at Different Altitudes

by Piao Ma, Qingfei Hu, Fan Ma, Wenjuan Zhang, Haifeng Gu, Dengbang Wei and Zhifang An

Animals 2026, 16(8), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16081167 - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

Bile acids, the primary constituents of mammalian bile, are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and secreted into the intestine to perform essential physiological functions. Primary bile acid synthesis is the principal pathway for cholesterol catabolism and whole-body cholesterol homeostasis, occurring predominantly via the classical and alternative pathways. To elucidate the effects of altitude on serum bile acid profiles and synthesis pathways in SD rats, this study utilized UPLC-MS/MS to analyze serum bile acid composition in animals housed at high and low altitudes. Additionally, qRT-PCR and Western blotting assessed mRNA transcription and protein expression of key genes involved in primary bile acid synthesis in the liver and intestinal tissues (ileum, duodenum, and colon). Results showed that serum levels of total and primary bile acids significantly decreased with increasing altitude. Furthermore, hepatic mRNA and protein expression of Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1, Cyp27a1, and Cyp7b1 were significantly downregulated. Fxr mRNA expression in the liver, ileum, duodenum, and colon was significantly decreased with increasing altitude. Meanwhile, the protein expression of both FGF15 and SHP showed a downward trend, with a significant decrease for FGF15 and a non-significant decrease for SHP. These findings suggest that primary bile acid synthesis in SD rats is dominated by the classical pathway. As altitude increases, bile acid synthesis in SD rats is significantly inhibited, indicating that high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia is the primary inhibitory factor. This study provides critical data for elucidating the adaptive mechanisms of bile acid metabolism in mammals exposed to high-altitude hypoxia, thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for investigating the regulation of host lipid metabolism influenced by such conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Animal Physiology)

24 pages, 5579 KB

Open AccessArticle

Data-Driven Prediction of Rebar Corrosion Parameters in Mortar and Simulated Pore Solution Using Optimised Extreme Gradient Boosting Models

by Celal Cakiroglu, Gebrail Bekdaş, Soujanya Pillala and Zong Woo Geem

Coatings 2026, 16(4), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16040456 - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

This study presents two independently optimised Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) regression models, one for predicting corrosion current density (

i_{c o r r}

) and one for predicting corrosion potential (

E_{c o r r}

) parameters of carbon steel rebar [...] Read more.

This study presents two independently optimised Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) regression models, one for predicting corrosion current density (

i_{c o r r}

) and one for predicting corrosion potential (

E_{c o r r}

) parameters of carbon steel rebar embedded in mortar and immersed in simulated pore solution. An experimental dataset consisting of 216 measurements was curated from a systematic potentiodynamic scan study covering six chloride contamination levels, two carbonation states (non-carbonated and carbonated), four moisture conditions for mortar (65%, 85%, 95% relative humidity, and submerged), and three conditioning durations for simulated pore solution (36 h, 72 h and 20 days). Hyperparameters of the XGBoost models were optimised using a Bayesian optimisation framework with the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (TPE) sampler over 300 trials. Model performance was assessed using 5-fold cross-validation and a random 80:20 train–test split. The optimised models achieved cross-validation

R^{2}

scores of 0.936 and 0.953 for

i_{c o r r}

and

E_{c o r r}

, respectively. On the hold-out test set,

R^{2}

values of 0.933 and 0.945 were obtained with test RMSE values of 0.2 log₁₀(µA/cm²) and 41.9 mV, respectively. The contribution of each input feature to model predictions was quantified and visualised using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) methodology. SHAP analysis reveals that chloride content has the highest impact on

i_{c o r r}

, followed by carbonation state and the low-humidity condition, while for

E_{c o r r}

, chloride content and the Submerged condition have the greatest impact. An interactive web application was developed using Streamlit, enabling researchers and practitioners to obtain corrosion parameter predictions. The findings provide data-driven insights into the relative importance of environmental factors governing rebar corrosion, with direct implications for the development of accurate corrosion prediction models for reinforced concrete service life assessment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alloy/Metal/Steel Surface: Fabrication, Structure, and Corrosion)

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11 pages, 445 KB

Open AccessArticle

Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Patients with Resistant Hypertension

by Songul Ozyurt, Mustafa Taştan, Aziz Gumus, Hatice Beyazal Polat and Neslihan Ozcelik

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(8), 2894; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15082894 - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a significant cardiovascular risk factor, frequently co-existing with systemic hypertension. While the association between OSA and blood pressure elevation is well documented, its specific prevalence and impact among patients with resistant hypertension remain a critical area of clinical investigation. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) specifically within a cohort of patients with resistant hypertension (RHT). Additionally, we sought to identify the clinical and anthropometric factors that distinguish RHT patients with OSA from non-resistant hypertensive and normotensive controls, thereby clarifying the increased hypoxic burden and polysomnographic differences unique to this high-risk population. Methods: A total of 300 patients presenting with OSA symptoms were included. Participants were classified into three groups: Group 0 (n = 100), normotensive individuals; Group 1 (n = 100), non-resistant hypertension; and Group 2 (n = 100), confirmed resistant hypertension. Standard overnight polysomnography (PSG) was performed on all participants. Demographic data, comorbidities, anthropometric measurements, and PSG parameters were recorded and compared across groups. Results: Of the subjects, 50.3% were female (sex), and the mean age was $49.5 \pm 12.3$ years. Patients with RHT (Group 2) were significantly older and had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus. OSA prevalence was 94% in Group 2 (37% severe), 89% in Group 1 (22% severe), and 74% in Group 0 (only 2% severe). In PSG analysis, AHI and ODI values were significantly higher in hypertensive groups (Groups 1 and 2) compared to normotensive individuals (Group 0), while minimum and mean oxygen saturations were significantly lower. Conclusions: OSA is both more prevalent and more severe in patients with resistant hypertension. Furthermore, hypertensive OSA patients are characterized by an increased hypoxic load compared to normotensives. Systematic investigation and detailed polysomnographic evaluation of OSA are of paramount importance in hypertensive individuals, particularly those with resistant hypertension. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Respiratory Medicine)

21 pages, 596 KB

Open AccessArticle

Role of FTO rs9939609 and LEPR rs1137101 Genetic Variants in Gestational Weight Gain and Neonatal Weight Among Pregnant Adolescents

by Reyna Sámano, Hugo Martínez-Rojano, Ashley Díaz-Medina, Irma Eloísa Monroy-Muñoz, Gabriela Chico-Barba, María Eugenia Mendoza-Flores, Héctor Borboa-Olivares, Verónica Zaga-Clavellina, Ricardo Gamboa, Melissa Daniela Gonzalez-Fernandez, Ángela Felipe-Hernández, Rosalba Sevilla-Montoya and Alejandro Martínez-Juárez

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(8), 3413; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27083413 - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

Gestational weight gain (GWG) and birth weight (BW) have a multifactorial etiology, which makes identifying the most influential determinants difficult. The association between variants of the FTO and LEPR genes has been explored as contributing factors to obesity in various age groups; however, their role in GWG and BW in adolescent mothers and their offspring is uncertain. To determine whether the presence of polymorphisms rs9939609 (FTO) and rs1137101 (LEPR) is associated with gestational weight gain and newborn weight in a cohort of adolescent mothers. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 305 mother-child dyads was conducted between 2020 and 2024. Genotyping of the single nucleotide variants (SNVs) rs9939609 of the FTO gene and rs1137101 of the LEPR gene was performed using real-time PCR and high-resolution melting analysis (qPCR-HRM), using maternal peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood samples. GWG, BW, energy intake, and other perinatal data were recorded and classified. Genetic data from 305 mother–offspring dyads were analyzed. The median maternal age was 16 years, and 71.4% had a normal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). The most frequent genotypes were TT for FTO rs9939609 and AG for LEPR rs1137101. In both groups, the genotypic distribution significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p < 0.0001). The AA genotype of FTO was associated with a higher probability of excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) after adjustment for pre-pregnancy BMI and dietary and sociodemographic factors. High protein and lipid intake increased the risk of excessive GWG, whereas adequate intake of carbohydrates and legumes showed a protective effect. An initial significant association was identified between the LEPR rs1137101 variant (AA allele) and low birth weight (LBW); however, this association was lost after adjustment for confounding factors. The FTO rs9939609 variant was significantly associated with GWG. On the other hand, the LEPR rs1137101 variant in the offspring showed an association with BW categorized by percentiles (in crude analysis), while the FTO variant showed no relationship with birth weight. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bridging Basic and Clinical Science: Shared Molecular and Metabolic Mechanisms in Preeclampsia, Gestational Diabetes and Gestational Weight Gain)

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42 pages, 951 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Human and Marine Host Defense Peptides for Healthy Skin

by Svetlana V. Guryanova, Oksana Yu. Belogurova-Ovchinnikova and Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova

Mar. Drugs 2026, 24(4), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/md24040134 - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

The skin serves as the first line barrier of innate immunity, protecting the body from external influences and maintaining its homeostasis. Exogenous and endogenous stress factors alter the structure and functional properties of the skin. The search for compounds capable of counteracting these processes has allowed the identification of peptides as promising ingredients of products for medicinal and cosmetic applications. This review comprehensively examines the mechanisms of action and dermatological applications of two distinct classes of natural products—endogenous human peptides and those derived from marine organisms. Human peptides exhibit numerous biological functions, including antimicrobial and immunomodulatory ones, as well as promoting antioxidant protection and wound healing. Microbiome-associated peptides are an underestimated but powerful regulator of skin aging through immunomodulation, inflammation control, barrier function maintenance, and selection of the proper microbial community. Peptides from marine organisms exhibit significant structural diversity and a broad spectrum of biological activity, including regenerative effects and effects on antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. This review summarizes current data obtained from in vitro, ex vivo, and clinical studies demonstrating a broad potential of peptides for maintaining skin health. Both peptide classes represent powerful, targeted strategies for innovative dermatological interventions aimed at promoting skin rejuvenation, protection, and overall homeostasis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Bioactive Peptides: Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Potential, 5th Edition)

25 pages, 5768 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Discrimination Criteria and the Formation Mechanism of the Extreme Drought-Runoff in the Yangtze River Basin

by Xuewen Guan, Wei Li, Jianping Bing and Xianyan Chen

Hydrology 2026, 13(4), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology13040112 - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin occupy a strategically pivotal position in regional development; yet extreme drought-runoff events pose severe threats to water supply and ecological security. Despite this, systematic research gaps persist, including the lack of a unified definition, standardized identification criteria, and clear understanding of formation mechanisms for extreme drought-runoff. To address these limitations, this study focused on extreme drought-runoff in the basin, utilizing 1956–2024 discharge data from four mainstream hydrological stations and meteorological data from 171 stations. Quantitative discrimination criteria were established via Pearson-III frequency analysis; meteorological characteristics were analyzed using the Meteorological Drought Comprehensive Index; and formation mechanisms were explored through partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression. This study innovatively proposed a basin-wide three-level quantitative discrimination criterion for drought-runoff based on the June–November flow frequency of key mainstream stations, which is distinguished from single-indicator drought identification methods (SPI/SPEI/SSI) by integrating basin-scale hydrological coherence and seasonal drought characteristics. The results revealed basin-wide extreme drought-runoff in 2006 and 2022, severe drought-runoff in 1972 and 2011, and relatively severe drought-runoff in 1959, 1992, and 2024. Typical extreme drought-runoff events were characterized by sustained low precipitation and high temperatures. Meteorological factors emerged as the primary driver during June–September, while reservoir operation and riverine water intake played secondary roles. Notably, the large-scale reservoir group in the Yangtze River Basin (53 key control reservoirs) helped alleviate drought-runoff impacts from December to May (non-flood season) via water supplementation. These findings provide a robust scientific basis for precise drought-runoff prediction and the development of targeted adaptation strategies in the Yangtze River Basin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Surface Waters and Groundwaters)

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15 pages, 2971 KB

Open AccessArticle

Overexpression of IGF2 Alters the Transcriptional Profile of Goose Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells

by Cui Wang, Yi Liu, Yunzhou Yang, Shufang Chen and Daqian He

Biomolecules 2026, 16(4), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16040565 - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) plays a pivotal role in regulating growth and development; however, its functional involvement in skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) remains incompletely understood. To elucidate the regulatory role of IGF2, goose SMSCs were engineered to overexpress IGF2 via lentiviral transduction, followed by comprehensive transcriptomic profiling. Comparative analysis revealed 2802 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in IGF2-overexpressing cells relative to controls, comprising 1202 upregulated and 1600 downregulated genes. IGF2 overexpression markedly activated fibrogenic programs, as evidenced by the upregulation of AP-1 complex components (FOS, JUN), extracellular matrix-related genes (COL1A1, COL5A3), and Wnt signaling receptors (FZD1, FZD7). In contrast, genes involved in myogenic differentiation and contractile function were broadly suppressed, including key myogenic transcription factors (MEF2C, MEF2D), sarcomeric structural proteins (MYBPC1, ACTN2, MYOM3), and metabolic enzymes. Through the construction of protein–protein interaction networks coupled with functional enrichment analysis, we observed a concerted suppression of myogenic regulatory networks critical for myofiber formation. Quantitative real-time PCR validation further confirmed the reliability of the transcriptomic data. Collectively, these findings suggest that overexpression of IGF2 induces a phenotypic shift from myoblasts toward a fibroblast-like state, uncoupling proliferation from differentiation while enhancing fibrogenic identity. This study provides novel insights into IGF2-mediated regulatory mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle development and fibrotic processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics)

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22 pages, 9915 KB

Open AccessArticle

Deformation Characteristics of Lumei Landslide in the Tibetan Plateau Combined with PS-InSAR and SBAS-InSAR

by Tao Wen, Xueqing Shi, Yankun Wang and Yunpeng Yang

Remote Sens. 2026, 18(8), 1128; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18081128 - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

Due to the highly complex geological environment of the Tibetan Plateau, landslides occur frequently, and signs of ancient landslide reactivation are widespread, posing significant threats to major infrastructure and local communities. Taking the Lumei landslide in Cuomei County as a case study, detailed field investigations were conducted, and Sentinel-1A SAR data (84 scenes from January 2017 to December 2023) were collected to characterize surface deformation. Both PS-InSAR and SBAS-InSAR methods were applied for long-term time-series monitoring, and the results of the two techniques were comparatively analyzed. Furthermore, the influencing factors of landslide deformation were explored on the basis of analyzing the deformation characteristics. The findings reveal that the surface deformation rate exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity, with deformation values decreasing progressively outward from the central region. The surface deformation rates obtained from PS-InSAR and SBAS-InSAR range from −36.55 to −21.81 mm/yr and from −30 to −10 mm/yr, respectively. Both methods indicate a general subsidence trend along the line-of-sight (LOS) direction and show strong spatial consistency and high correlation. By combining the high-precision point results obtained from PS-InSAR and the spatially continuous surface results derived from SBAS-InSAR, the fine spatial deformation characteristics of the Lumei landslide are revealed. The research results can provide an important reference for landslide monitoring, disaster prevention and mitigation in this region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing for Landslide Investigation: From Ground Deformation Mapping to Hazard Assessment)

19 pages, 5016 KB

Open AccessArticle

Characterizing Urban Road CO₂ Emissions: A Study Based on GPS Data from Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks

by Yanyan Wang, Li Wang, Jiaqiang Li, Yanlin Chen, Jiguang Wang, Jiachen Xu and Hongping Zhou

Atmosphere 2026, 17(4), 387; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17040387 - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

Accurately quantifying carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDTs) is crucial for developing effective transportation emission reduction strategies. In this study, we adopted a bottom–up approach and, in conjunction with the “International Vehicle Emissions” (IVE) model, constructed a high-resolution 1 × 1 km CO₂ emission inventory for the urban area of Kunming, China. Using data from 1.24 million track points collected from 5996 heavy-duty diesel trucks, we implemented a map matching algorithm based on a simplified hidden Markov model (HMM) to efficiently process large-scale GPS data. Furthermore, we improved upon traditional spatial allocation methods by dynamically integrating track point density with static road network density. The results indicate that although higher driving speeds correspond to lower CO₂ emission rates, heavy-duty diesel trucks typically operate within an observed speed range of 40–60 km/h, with an average emission factor of approximately 500 g/km. Vehicles compliant with the “National III” emission standards remain the primary source of CO₂ emissions in this region. Correlation analysis reveals a significant positive relationship (p < 0.01) between emissions from heavy-duty diesel trucks and both traffic volume and mileage. Notably, daytime vehicle restriction policies led to a temporal redistribution of emissions rather than a net reduction in emissions; this resulted in increased activity levels of heavy-duty diesel trucks at night, leading to a surge in nighttime emissions. In terms of spatial distribution, the “dual-density” allocation method proposed in this study more accurately captured emission hotspots, revealing that CO₂ emissions are primarily concentrated in the southeastern part of the city—a distribution pattern largely influenced by the city’s industrial layout. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Traffic Related Emission (3rd Edition))

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13 pages, 1453 KB

Open AccessArticle

Long-Term Aging Effects of Breast Implant Materials

by Luca Di Landro, Gerardus Janszen, Anna Sandrin, Valeriano Vinci, Roberto Rusconi and Marco Klinger

Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(8), 3717; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16083717 - 10 Apr 2026

Abstract

Breast prostheses are widely used for both aesthetic and medical purposes. Unless clinical or subjective factors impose early removal, these implants can remain in place for extended periods of time, often exceeding 20 years. Understanding the expected changes in their performance over time, in addition to medical issues, is crucial for decisions regarding potential removal or replacement. This study investigates the long-term aging effects on silicone breast implants by evaluating changes in the mechanical properties of the elastomeric shell and the viscoelastic behavior of the inner gel. Accelerated aging tests were conducted at different temperatures, and the data were analyzed using established predictive models to estimate mechanical performance over extended periods. These results provide valuable insights into the expected durability and lifespan of breast implants, supporting improved predictions of long-term safety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Medical Devices and Technologies, 2nd Edition)

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