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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, oxidative stress (OS), and neuroinflammation. Current treatments provide symptomatic relief, but do not halt the disease’s progression. OS plays a crucial role in AD pathogenesis by promoting Aβ accumulation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key regulator of the antioxidant response, influencing genes involved in OS mitigation, mitochondrial function, and inflammation. Dysregulation of NRF2 is implicated in AD, making it a promising therapeutic target. Emerging evidence suggests that adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD), which is particularly rich in polyphenols from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), is associated with improved cognitive function and a reduced risk of mild cognitive impairment. Polyphenols can activate NRF2, enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses. This study employs a computational approach to explore the potential of bioactive compounds in EVOO to modulate NRF2-related pathways in AD. We analyzed transcriptomic data from AD and EVOO-treated samples to identify NRF2-associated genes, and used chemical structure-based analysis to compare EVOO’s bioactive compounds with known NRF2 activators. Enrichment analysis was performed to identify common biological functions between NRF2-, EVOO-, and AD-related pathways. Our findings highlight important factors and biological functions that provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms through which EVOO consumption might influence cellular pathways associated with AD via modulation of the NRF2 pathway. The presented approach provides a different perspective in the discovery of compounds that may contribute to neuroprotective mechanisms in the context of AD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Related Signaling Pathways in Neuroprotection—2nd Edition)

26 pages, 1260 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by Geometric Mechanotransductive 3D-Printed Poly-(L)-Lactic Acid Matrices

by Harrison P. Ryan, Bruce K. Milthorpe and Jerran Santos

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7494; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157494 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025

Abstract

Bone-related defects present a key challenge in orthopaedics. The current gold standard, autografts, poses significant limitations, such as donor site morbidity, limited supply, and poor morphological adaptability. This study investigates the potential of scaffold geometry to induce osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) through mechanotransduction, without the use of chemical inducers. Four distinct poly-(L)-lactic acid (PLA) scaffold architectures—Traditional Cross (Tc), Triangle (T), Diamond (D), and Gyroid (G)—were fabricated using fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing. hADSCs were cultured on these scaffolds, and their response was evaluated utilising an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, immunofluorescence, and extensive proteomic analyses. The results showed the D scaffold to have the highest ALP activity, followed by Tc. Proteomics results showed that more than 1200 proteins were identified in each scaffold with unique proteins expressed in each scaffold, respectively Tc—204, T—194, D—244, and G—216. Bioinformatics analysis revealed structures with complex curvature to have an increased expression of proteins involved in mid- to late-stage osteogenesis signalling and differentiation pathways, while the Tc scaffold induced an increased expression of signalling and differentiation pathways pertaining to angiogenesis and early osteogenesis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches for Tissue Repair and Tissue Regeneration)

14 pages, 9090 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Climate Change on the Global Distribution of Trachypteris picta (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

by Huafeng Liu, Shuangyi Wang, Yunchun Li, Shuangmei Ding, Aimin Shi, Ding Yang and Zhonghua Wei

Insects 2025, 16(8), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16080802 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025

Abstract

Trachypteris picta (Pallas, 1773) is a significant pest that can cause serious damage to poplars and willows. To assess the impact of climate change on the suitable habitats of T. picta, this study conducted a comparative analysis of its global suitable habitats using climatic factors, global land use type, and global vegetation from different periods, in combination with the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. The results indicate that the annual mean temperature (Bio01), mean temperature of the coldest quarter (Bio11), precipitation of the coldest quarter (Bio19), and isothermality (Bio03) are the four most important climate variables determining the distribution of T. picta. Under the current climate conditions, the highly suitable areas are primarily located in southern Europe, covering an area of 2.22 × 10⁶ km². Under future climate scenarios, the suitable habitat for T. picta is expected to expand and shift towards higher latitudes. In the 2050s, the SSP5-8.5 scenario has the largest suitable area compared to other scenarios, while the SSP2-4.5 scenario has the largest suitable area in the 2090s. In addition, the centroids of the total suitable areas are expected to shift toward higher latitudes under future climate conditions. The results of this study provide valuable data for the monitoring, control, and management of this pest. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Insect Pest and Vector Management)

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23 pages, 3916 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Leveraging Wearable Sensors for the Identification and Prediction of Defensive Pessimism Personality Traits

by You Zhou, Dongfen Li, Bowen Deng and Weiqian Liang

Micromachines 2025, 16(8), 906; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16080906 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025

Abstract

Defensive pessimism, an important emotion regulation and motivation strategy, has increasingly attracted scholarly attention in psychology. Recently, sensor-based methods have begun to supplement or replace traditional questionnaire surveys in personality research. However, current approaches for collecting vital signs data face several challenges, including limited monitoring durations, significant data deviations, and susceptibility to external interference. This paper proposes a novel approach using a NiCr/NiSi alloy film temperature sensor, which has a K-type structure and flexible piezoelectric pressure sensor to identify and predict defensive pessimism personality traits. Experimental results indicate that the Seebeck coefficients for K-, T-, and E-type thermocouples are approximately 41 μV/°C, 39 μV/°C, and 57 μV/°C, respectively, which align closely with national standards and exhibit good consistency across multiple experimental groups. Moreover, radial artery frequency experiments demonstrate a strong linear relationship between pulse rate and the intensity of external stimuli, where stronger stimuli correspond to faster pulse rates. Simulation experiments further reveal a high correlation between radial artery pulse frequency and skin temperature, and a regression model based on the physiological sensor data shows a good fit (p < 0.05). These findings verify the feasibility of using temperature and flexible piezoelectric pressure sensors to identify and predict defensive pessimism personality characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Analyses and Designs for Flexible/Stretchable Electronics, 3rd Edition)

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21 pages, 1024 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Impact of Environmental Factors on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Hormones

by Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka, Lucyna Ostrowska and Marcelina Radziszewska

Nutrients 2025, 17(15), 2544; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152544 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025

Abstract

The enteroendocrine system of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the largest endocrine organ in the human body, playing a central role in the regulation of hunger, satiety, digestion, and energy homeostasis. Numerous factors—including dietary components, physical activity, and the gut microbiota—affect the secretion of GI hormones. This study aims to analyze how these factors modulate enteroendocrine function and influence systemic metabolic regulation. This review synthesizes the current scientific literature on the physiology and distribution of enteroendocrine cells and mechanisms of hormone secretion in response to macronutrients, physical activity, and microbial metabolites. Special attention is given to the interactions between gut-derived signals and central nervous system pathways involved in appetite control. Different GI hormones are secreted in specific regions of the digestive tract in response to meal composition and timing. Macronutrients, particularly during absorption, stimulate hormone release, while physical activity influences hormone concentrations, decreasing ghrelin and increasing GLP-1, PYY, and leptin levels. The gut microbiota, through fermentation and metabolite production (e.g., SCFAs and bile acids), modulates enteroendocrine activity. Species such as Akkermansia muciniphila are associated with improved gut barrier integrity and enhanced GLP-1 secretion. These combined effects contribute to appetite regulation and energy balance. Diet composition, physical activity, and gut microbiota are key modulators of gastrointestinal hormone secretion. Their interplay significantly affects appetite regulation and metabolic health. A better understanding of these relationships may support the development of personalized strategies for managing obesity and related disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Immunology)

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10 pages, 237 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Current Status of Mental Health in Mexico City

by Erika Sanchez, Humberto Nicolini, Jorge Villatoro, Marycarmen Bustos, María Elena Medina-Mora, Paola Mejía-Ortiz, Beatriz Robles, Diego Mondragón, Gema Ibarra, Daniela Meza and Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(8), 1217; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22081217 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025

Abstract

There is limited information on the prevalence of mental health symptoms among the population of Mexico City. To provide an update and determine the prevalence of symptoms associated with various disorders in the city, a modified version of the “Screener Questionnaire” was used, the same instrument employed in the National Survey on Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use (ENCODAT) 2016–2017. Data were collected at PILARES centers in different boroughs of Mexico City. A total of 868 questionnaires on symptoms of psychiatric disorders and the use of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco were completed. The most frequently reported symptoms were anxiety (52.67%), depression (39.34%), and post-traumatic stress disorder (44.57%). Additionally, results showed alcohol use at 15.1%, followed by tobacco (13.6%) and illicit drug use (6.8%). The prevalence of these symptoms was also compared with data from ENCODAT 2016–2017 to observe changes over the years. Full article

22 pages, 1496 KiB

Open AccessReview

Drosophila melanogaster: How and Why It Became a Model Organism

by Maria Grazia Giansanti, Anna Frappaolo and Roberto Piergentili

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7485; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157485 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025

Abstract

Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most known and used organisms worldwide, not just to study general biology problems but above all for modeling complex human diseases. During the decades, it has become a central tool to understand the genetics of human disease, how mutations alter the behavior and health of cells, tissues, and organs, and more recently to test new compounds with a potential therapeutic use. But how did this small insect become so crucial in genetics? And how is it currently used in the study of human conditions affecting millions of people? In this review, we retrace the historical origins of its adoption in genetics laboratories and list all the advantages it provides to scientific research, both for its daily usage and for the fine tuning of gene regulation through genetic engineering approaches. We also provide some examples of how it is used to study human diseases such as cancer, neurological and infectious diseases, and its importance in drug discovery and testing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drosophila: A Versatile Model in Biology and Medicine—2nd Edition)

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12 pages, 3794 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Energy Storage Properties of Ba_0.96Ca_0.04TiO₃ Ceramics Through Doping Bi(Li_1/3Zr_2/3)O₃

by Zhiwei Li, Dandan Zhu, Xuqiang Ding, Lingling Cui and Junlong Wang

Coatings 2025, 15(8), 906; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15080906 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025

Abstract

The (1−x)Ba_0.96Ca_0.04TiO₃−xBi(Li_1/3Zr_2/3)O₃ (x = 0.03–0.15) ceramics were fabricated via the traditional solid reaction method. Characterization results revealed that each component exhibited a pure perovskite structure, and the average grain size significantly diminishes with increasing x. The (1−x)Ba_0.96Ca_0.04TiO₃−xBi(Li_1/3Zr_2/3)O₃ ceramics exhibited prominent relaxor ferroelectric behavior, whose characteristic narrow hysteresis loops effectively enhanced the energy storage performance of the material. Most importantly, the composition with x = 0.10 demonstrated exceptional energy storage properties at 150 kV/cm, achieving a high recoverable energy storage density (W_rec = 1.91 J/cm³) and excellent energy efficiency (η = 90.87%). Under the equivalent electric field, this composition also displayed a superior pulsed discharge performance, including a high current density (871 A/cm²), a high power density (67.3 MW/cm³), an ultrafast discharge time (t_0.9 = 109 ns), and a discharged energy density of 1.47 J/cm³. These results demonstrate that the (1−x)Ba_0.96Ca_0.04TiO₃−xBi(Li_1/3Zr_2/3)O₃ ceramic system establishes a promising design paradigm for the creation and refinement of next-generation dielectrics for pulse power applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ceramic Coatings and Engineering Technology)

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29 pages, 30467 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clay-Hosted Lithium Exploration in the Wenshan Region of Southeastern Yunnan Province, China, Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing and Structural Interpretation

by Lunxin Feng, Zhifang Zhao, Haiying Yang, Qi Chen, Changbi Yang, Xiao Zhao, Geng Zhang, Xinle Zhang and Xin Dong

Minerals 2025, 15(8), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15080826 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025

Abstract

With the rapid increase in global lithium demand, the exploration of newly discovered lithium in the bauxite of the Wenshan area in southeastern Yunnan has become increasingly important. However, the current research on clay-type lithium in the Wenshan area has primarily focused on local exploration, and large-scale predictive metallogenic studies remain limited. To address this, this study utilized multi-source remote sensing data from ZY1-02D and ASTER, combined with ALOS 12.5 m DEM and Sentinel-2 imagery, to carry out remote sensing mineral identification, structural interpretation, and prospectivity mapping for clay-type lithium in the Wenshan area. This study indicates that clay-type lithium in the Wenshan area is controlled by NW, EW, and NE linear structures and are mainly distributed in the region from north of the Wenshan–Malipo fault to south of the Guangnan–Funing fault. High-value areas of iron-rich silicates and iron–magnesium minerals revealed by ASTER data indicate lithium enrichment, while montmorillonite and cookeite identification by ZY1-02D have strong indicative significance for lithium. Field verification samples show the highest Li₂O content reaching 11,150 μg/g, with six samples meeting the comprehensive utilization criteria for lithium in bauxite (Li₂O ≥ 500 μg/g) and also showing an enrichment of rare earth elements (REEs) and gallium (Ga). By integrating stratigraphic, structural, mineral identification, geochemical characteristics, and field verification data, ten mineral exploration target areas were delineated. This study validates the effectiveness of remote sensing technology in the exploration of clay-type lithium and provides an applicable workflow for similar environments worldwide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hyperspectral Imaging of Rocks: Mineralogical Characteristics and Classification)

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38 pages, 1194 KiB

Open AccessReview

Transforming Data Annotation with AI Agents: A Review of Architectures, Reasoning, Applications, and Impact

by Md Monjurul Karim, Sangeen Khan, Dong Hoang Van, Xinyue Liu, Chunhui Wang and Qiang Qu

Future Internet 2025, 17(8), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17080353 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025

Abstract

Data annotation serves as a critical foundation for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Recently, AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have emerged as effective solutions to longstanding challenges in data annotation, such as scalability, consistency, cost, and limitations in domain expertise. These agents facilitate intelligent automation and adaptive decision-making, thereby enhancing the efficiency and reliability of annotation workflows across various fields. Despite the growing interest in this area, a systematic understanding of the role and capabilities of AI agents in annotation is still underexplored. This paper seeks to fill that gap by providing a comprehensive review of how LLM-driven agents support advanced reasoning strategies, adaptive learning, and collaborative annotation efforts. We analyze agent architectures, integration patterns within workflows, and evaluation methods, along with real-world applications in sectors such as healthcare, finance, technology, and media. Furthermore, we evaluate current tools and platforms that support agent-based annotation, addressing key challenges such as quality assurance, bias mitigation, transparency, and scalability. Lastly, we outline future research directions, highlighting the importance of federated learning, cross-modal reasoning, and responsible system design to advance the development of next-generation annotation ecosystems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2024 and 2025 Feature Papers from Future Internet’s Editorial Board Members)

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14 pages, 2315 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Accurate Wideband RCS Estimation from Limited Field Data Using Infinitesimal Dipole Modeling with Compressive Sensing

by Jeong-Wan Lee, Ye Chan Jung and Sung-Jun Yang

Sensors 2025, 25(15), 4771; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25154771 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025

Abstract

This communication presents an accurate and computationally efficient approach for wideband radar cross-section (RCS) estimation and scattering point reconstruction using infinitesimal dipole modeling (IDM) with compressive sensing. The proposed method eliminates the need for field sampling at numerous frequency points across the wideband range through Green’s function adjustment. Additionally, compressive sensing is employed for induced current calculation to reduce both frequency and angular sampling requirements. Numerical validation demonstrates that the method achieves a 50% reduction in field sample data and an 82.3% reduction in IDM processing time while maintaining comparable accuracy through Green’s function adjustment. Furthermore, compared to approaches without compressive sensing, the method shows a 55.1% and a 75.5% reduction in error in averaged RCS for VV-pol and HH-pol, respectively. The proposed method facilitates efficient wideband RCS estimation of various targets while significantly reducing measurement complexity and computational cost. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sensing and Imaging)

22 pages, 1893 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Native Flora and Potential Natural Vegetation References for Effective Forest Restoration in Italian Urban Systems

by Carlo Blasi, Giulia Capotorti, Eva Del Vico, Sandro Bonacquisti and Laura Zavattero

Plants 2025, 14(15), 2396; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152396 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025

Abstract

The ongoing decade of UN restoration matches with the European goal of bringing nature back into our lives, including in urban systems, and Nature Restoration Regulation. Within such a framework, this work is aimed at highlighting the ecological rationale and strategic value of an NRRP measure devoted to forest restoration in Italian Metropolitan Cities, and at assessing respective preliminary results. Therefore, the measure’s overarching goal (not to create urban parks or gardens, but activate forest recovery), geographic extent and scope (over 4000 ha and more than 4 million planted trees and shrubs across the country), plantation model (mandatory use of native species consistent with local potential vegetation, density of 1000 seedlings per ha, use of at least four tree and four shrub species in each project, with a minimum proportion of 70% for trees, certified provenance for reproductive material), and compulsory management activities (maintenance and replacement of any dead plants for at least five years), are herein shown and explained under an ecological perspective. Current implementation outcomes were thus assessed in terms of coherence and expected biodiversity benefits, especially with respect to ecological and biogeographic consistency of planted forests, representativity in relation to national and European plant diversity, biogeographic interest and conservation concern of adopted plants, and potential contribution to the EU Habitats Directive. Compliance with international strategic goals and normative rules, along with recognizable advantages of the measure and limitations to be solved, are finally discussed. In conclusion, the forestation model proposed for the Italian Metropolitan Cities proved to be fully applicable in its ecological rationale, with expected benefits in terms of biodiversity support plainly met, and even exceeded, at the current stage of implementation, especially in terms of the contribution to protected habitats. These promising preliminary results allow the model to be recognized at the international level as a good practice that may help achieve protection targets and sustainable development goals within and beyond urban systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Botanical Research in the Mediterranean Area: Studies in Honor of Prof. Francesco Maria Raimondo on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday)

27 pages, 1557 KiB

Open AccessReview

Glioblastoma: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Its Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Innovative Therapeutic Strategies

by Felipe Esparza-Salazar, Renata Murguiondo-Pérez, Gabriela Cano-Herrera, Maria F. Bautista-Gonzalez, Ericka C. Loza-López, Amairani Méndez-Vionet, Ximena A. Van-Tienhoven, Alejandro Chumaceiro-Natera, Emmanuel Simental-Aldaba and Antonio Ibarra

Biomedicines 2025, 13(8), 1882; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081882 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by rapid progression, profound heterogeneity, and resistance to conventional therapies. This review provides an integrated overview of GBM’s pathophysiology, highlighting key mechanisms such as neuroinflammation, genetic alterations (e.g., EGFR, PDGFRA), the tumor microenvironment, microbiome interactions, and molecular dysregulations involving gangliosides and sphingolipids. Current diagnostic strategies, including imaging, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and emerging liquid biopsy techniques, are explored for their role in improving early detection and monitoring. Treatment remains challenging, with standard therapies—surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide—offering limited survival benefits. Innovative therapies are increasingly being explored and implemented, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, dendritic and peptide vaccines, and oncolytic virotherapy. Advances in nanotechnology and personalized medicine, such as individualized multimodal immunotherapy and NanoTherm therapy, are also discussed as strategies to overcome the blood–brain barrier and tumor heterogeneity. Additionally, stem cell-based approaches show promise in targeted drug delivery and immune modulation. Non-conventional strategies such as ketogenic diets and palliative care are also evaluated for their adjunctive potential. While novel therapies hold promise, GBM’s complexity demands continued interdisciplinary research to improve prognosis, treatment response, and patient quality of life. This review underscores the urgent need for personalized, multimodal strategies in combating this devastating malignancy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brain Tumor Diagnosis: Innovations and Emerging Technologies)

38 pages, 6505 KiB

Open AccessReview

Trends in Oil Spill Modeling: A Review of the Literature

by Rodrigo N. Vasconcelos, André T. Cunha Lima, Carlos A. D. Lentini, José Garcia V. Miranda, Luís F. F. de Mendonça, Diego P. Costa, Soltan G. Duverger and Elaine C. B. Cambui

Water 2025, 17(15), 2300; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17152300 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025

Abstract

Oil spill simulation models are essential for predicting the oil spill behavior and movement in marine environments. In this study, we comprehensively reviewed a large and diverse body of peer-reviewed literature obtained from Scopus and Web of Science. Our initial analysis phase focused on examining trends in scientific publications, utilizing the complete dataset derived after systematic screening and database integration. In the second phase, we applied elements of a systematic review to identify and evaluate the most influential contributions in the scientific field of oil spill simulations. Our analysis revealed a steady and accelerating growth of research activity over the past five decades, with a particularly notable expansion in the last two. The field has also experienced a marked increase in collaborative practices, including a rise in international co-authorship and multi-authored contributions, reflecting a more global and interdisciplinary research landscape. We cataloged the key modeling frameworks that have shaped the field from established systems such as OSCAR, OIL-MAP/SIMAP, and GNOME to emerging hybrid and Lagrangian approaches. Hydrodynamic models were consistently central, often integrated with biogeochemical, wave, atmospheric, and oil-spill-specific modules. Environmental variables such as wind, ocean currents, and temperature were frequently used to drive model behavior. Geographically, research has concentrated on ecologically and economically sensitive coastal and marine regions. We conclude that future progress will rely on the real-time integration of high-resolution environmental data streams, the development of machine-learning-based surrogate models to accelerate computations, and the incorporation of advanced biodegradation and weathering mechanisms supported by experimental data. These advancements are expected to enhance the accuracy, responsiveness, and operational value of oil spill modeling tools, supporting environmental monitoring and emergency response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Remote Sensing for Coastal System Monitoring and Management)

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25 pages, 2567 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Improved Empirical Take-Off Equations

by Timothy T. Takahashi

Aerospace 2025, 12(8), 695; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12080695 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025

Abstract

This paper develops empirical relationships to estimate FAA/EASA and MIL-3013B rules-compliant take-off field performance for single and multi-engine aircraft. Recent experience with modern aircraft flight manuals revealed that popular empirical legacy methods are no longer accurate; improvements in tires and brakes lead to significantly shorter certified distances. This work relies upon a survey of current operational aircraft and extensive numerical simulations of generic configurations to support the development of a collection of new equations to estimate take-off performance for single and multi-engine aircraft under dry and wet conditions. These relationships are individually tailored for civilian and U.S. Military rules; they account for the superior capability of modern braking systems and the implications of minimum-control speed on the certified distance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aircraft Conceptual Design: Tools, Processes and Examples)

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