I examine how the association between the current period’s budget variance and the subsequent period’s budget is affected by various governmental monitoring mechanisms. Specifically, I consider the following governance and monitoring mech...
1 November 2018
Background: Hard-to-heal wounds are associated with high treatment costs and, in Germany, are mostly treated in the outpatient care sector. Wound dressings are the main cost-drivers in venous leg ulcer (VLU) care which prescription is budget-restrict...
Budgets in organisational units are considered to be traditional management support tools. On the other hand, budgetary control is the essence of control measures, allowing for the increase in the efficiency of an enterprise through appropriate alloc...
Government budget management serves as a critical enabler for the development of a green economy and represents an essential pathway to promote sustainable urban development. The government budget delineates the scope and direction of governmental ac...
The state budget system in Vietnam functions within a cohesive structure that allocates financial resources between central and local governments; nevertheless, substantial disparities in socioeconomic conditions among provinces have resulted in incr...
Everyone likes Porsche but few can afford it. Budget constraints always play a critical role in a customer’s decision-making. The literature disproportionally focuses on how firms can induce customer valuations toward the product, but does not addres...
Fiscal policies are one of the most important instruments of government to guide the progress of the country’s economic development. They find significant use in cases where the economy is experiencing a period of recession, such as the current...
There is rising scholarly and political interest in participatory budgets and their potential to advance urban sustainability. This article aims to contribute to this field of study through the specific lens of the city of Lisbon’s experience as an i...
Ensuring effective governance of local budgets is critical for public service delivery and sustainable development. Public audit institutions—including internal auditors and independent supreme audit bodies—are hypothesized to enhance loc...
The Earth Radiation Budget at the top of the atmosphere quantifies how the Earth gains energy from the Sun and loses energy to space. It is of fundamental importance for climate and climate change. In this paper, the current state-of-the-art of the s...
Government intervention is imperative in the mixed economic system due to market failures, imperfection, pure public goods, and economic externalities. To this end, we measure the comparative impact of budget deficits on economic growth, incorporatin...
This study was carried out to assess the carbon budget of local governments in South Korea. The carbon budget was obtained from the difference between net ecosystem productivity (NEP) that the natural ecosystem displays, and carbon dioxide emissions...
The supply chain of the tourism industry, including air transportation, travel agencies, souvenirs, and hotel services, is almost at a breaking point, causing a rise in unemployment with huge losses during the COVID-19 pandemic period. In order to ov...
Nematodes play a significant role in soil biogeochemical cycling. However, our understanding of their community carbon budget response for a shift in the environmental conditions of natural and planted forests is limited. Therefore, we investigated t...
Improving our understanding of the patterns and drivers of regional carbon budgets is critical to mitigating climate change regionally and globally. Different from previous research, our study attempts to reveal the comprehensive impact of climate ch...
The purpose of this article was to examine the level and variability of budgetary expenditures directed to the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (ASIF) in Poland in the form of subsidies to the Farmers’ Pension Fund in the period 2004–20...
The study of atmospheric vortex structures based on the analysis of the vorticity field decomposition into empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) was performed. We consider an atmospheric vortex that exists quasi-permanently in a certain region (the H...
Total sea level changes from space radar altimetry are mainly decomposed into two contributions of mass addition and volume expansion of oceans, measured by GRACE space gravimeter and Argo float array, respectively. However, the averages of altimetry...
Using the ERA5 reanalysis dataset during the period 1979–2019, the diurnal variation in summer water vapor budget (Bt) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is investigated in this study. It is found that the TP Bt shows a distinct diurnal cycle. It te...
The Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) at the top of the atmosphere describes how the Earth gains energy from the Sun and loses energy to space through the reflection of solar radiation and the emission of thermal radiation. The ERB is measured from space...
In this study, a radiation component calculation algorithm was developed using channel data from the Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) and meteorological data from the Unified Model (UM) Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS)....
Measuring the advances performed in the 2030 Agenda and the contribution of public policies remains a key issue. Budgets are acknowledged as one of the most powerful tools made available to administrations to push forward this contribution, and so se...
This paper presents the visualization of national budget, a tool based on Semantic Web technologies that shows by graphic representations the Chilean budget law published annually, and their execution by each state agency. We describe the processes f...
Krakow, with an area of 327 km2 and over 750,000 inhabitants, is one of the largest cities in Poland. Within the administrative city borders several anthropogenic CO2 source types are located, including car traffic, household coal and natural gas bur...
The Paris Agreement, ratified in 2015, pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions within a Global Carbon Budget that limits the global temperature increase to less than 2 °C. With the Roadmap 2050 mitigation measures, the European Union has a tar...
Most previous top-down global carbon monoxide (CO) budget estimates have used only concentration information and shown large differences in individual source estimates. Since CO from certain sources has a specific isotopic signature, coupling the con...
The budget for disaster and safety management can be characterized as a large-scale public asset in which the government has a significant role. However, this budget has been managed in a somewhat scattered and inconsistent manner by different govern...
In the present study we describe a straightforward and highly replicable methodology to assess the anthropogenic sediment budget within a coastal system (the Northern Tuscany littoral cell, Italy), specifically selected in a partially natural and par...
The seasonal variation in mixed layer salinity (MLS) plays a crucial role in global ocean circulation and hydrological cycle. The salinity budget of the mixed layer is important to understand the mechanism of the variation, but in the South China Sea...
Fresh food boxes have been popular in many countries for providing convenience and supporting local production, while the convenient access of various market channels in Taiwan makes it difficult to develop. The COVID-19 events shed light on the oppo...
A good water budget involving four variables, including precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), streamflow (R), and terrestrial water storage change (TWSC), is reflected in two aspects: a high accuracy against observations for each budget compone...
8 June 2018
Background: The launch of hepatitis C (HCV) drugs such as sofosbuvir or ledipasvir has fostered the question of affordability of novel high budget impact therapies even in countries with high domestic product. European countries have developed a vari...
This article aims to describe a novel workflow designed for generating a new family of minimal surface-based lattice structures with improved performance in terms of material budget compared to the well-known cells like Gyroid and Schwartz. The imple...
30 November 2019
Background: In many countries, Budget Impact (BI) informs reimbursement decisions. Evidence has shown that decision-makers have restricted access based on high BI estimates but studies show that BI estimates are often inaccurate. Objective: To assess...
Let R denote a connected region inside a simple polygon, P. By building barriers (typically straight-line segments) in
Understanding the components of residential landscapes in Amman can deliver effective information about landscape elements, materials, and water requirements. This research aimed to identify the most common landscape types and materials for residenti...
Household budget surveys are used regularly to estimate dietary intakes. The study aims to assess the trends in food consumption and nutrient intake, according to 14 dietary indicators from household budget surveys in Armenia. Data on food consumptio...
Most election pledges require a significant budget for their implementation. In the case of a candidate for the head of a local government who presented his pledges related to urban planning by subdividing them into voting districts, we tested how th...
Since the announcement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the need for localization of SDGs has been emphasized. In this context, sustainable rural development is still a relatively undescribed area in the context of using the participatory...
Population growth and economic development have impacted the capacity of water resources to meet demands in a number of arid countries. This study focuses on the United Arab Emirates (UAE) where low rainfall, high rate of growth and agricultural deve...
This paper presents a detailed analysis of the energy dynamics of the Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone, Medicane Ianos, by using a moist static energy (MSE) budget framework. Medicanes are hybrid cyclonic systems that share characteristics of both...
We present an energy transition pathway constrained by a total CO2 budget of 7 Gt allocated to the German energy system after 2020, the Budget Scenario (BS). We apply a normative backcasting approach for scenario building based on historical data and...
Frugality is a core notion of sustainability, and responsible resource management should be prioritized in urban planning and landscape architecture. Low-budget strategies as a deliberate means of creating valuable, attractive, well-used, sociable pu...
A three-step data assimilation (DA) of deep learning (DL) predictions to a process-based water budget is developed and applied to produce an active, operational water balance for groundwater management. In the first step, an existing water budget mod...
Mono Lake in eastern California has the highest natural boron concentrations measured in a natural water body. Inputs to Mono Lake are from creeks that drain from the Sierra Nevada, accounting for over 80% of the total water input, and springs accoun...
Two-way Laser Time Transfer (TLTT) using the Ajisai satellite has been considered as a more accurate and stable time transfer technique than existing methods; TLTT requires the kHz laser pulses to decrease the systematic restrictions for TLTT realiza...
The COVID-19 pandemic has put immense pressure on the fiscal situation. Central revenues have decelerated while expenditures had to be increased to facilitate economic recovery. Local governments faced even harder challenges as intergovernmental tran...
26 April 2020
This study aimed to identify orphan drug accessibility and impact on pharmaceutical budgets in South Korea by analyzing the status of orphan drug designation, approval, reimbursement, and pharmaceutical expenditure. We analyzed the dataset on orphan...
Estimating the groundwater recharge rate is essential in all groundwater-related fields, including groundwater development, use, management, modeling, and contamination analysis. In this study, we proposed a combined method of water budget and climat...
Nutrient budget is one of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) agri-environmental indicators. A model was developed for regional nutrient management in Korea. In this study, a sensitivity analysis of parameters of a nutri...
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