12 Results Found

Background/Objectives: Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a disabling condition affecting patients with chronic migraine resulting from excessive use of acute headache medication. It is characterized by both pain modulation and addiction-like mecha...

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased vulnerability to depression and other affective disturbances, potentially mediated by neurobiological alterations in the serotonergic brainstem raphe nuclei. This study examined...

Recent evidence indicates that transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) modulates sensorimotor cortex excitability. However, no study has assessed possible TUS effects on the excitability of deeper brain areas, such as the brainstem. In this study,...

In recent years, the information crosstalk between the central nervous system and the periphery has been a hot topic, such as the brain–gut axis, brain–lung axis, etc. Among them, some studies have shown that brainstem nuclei activity can...

Pharmacological neuromodulation of swallowing may represent a promising therapeutic option to treat dysphagia. Previous studies suggested a serotonergic control of swallowing, but mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by cell loss in the substantia nigra and the presence of alpha-synuclein (α-syn)-containing neuronal Lewy bodies. While α-syn has received major interest in the pathogenesis of PD, the funct...

Cerebellar neurodegenerative ataxias are a group of disorders affecting the cerebellum and its pathways with different neurological structures. Transcranial sonography (TCS) has been used for the evaluation of brain parenchymal structures in various...

Antenatal inflammation/infection is a major cause of neonatal apnoea and hypoventilation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) is a key inflammatory mediator associated with depression of fetal and neonatal breathing. We aimed to determine whether antenatal ibupr...

The insular cortex is an important hub for sensory and emotional integration. It is one of the areas consistently found activated during pain. While the insular’s connections to the limbic system might play a role in the aversive and emotional...

Non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD), including neuropsychiatric or dysautonomic complaints, fatigue, or pain, are frequent and have a high impact on the patient’s quality of life. They are often poorly recognized and inadequately tre...

(1) Background: Absence seizures (ASs) are sudden, transient lapses of consciousness associated with lack of voluntary movements and generalized 2.5–4 Hz spike-wave discharges (SWDs) in the EEG. In addition to the thalamocortical system, where these...

Objective: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a highly prevalent neurological complication in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. This study aimed to explore the transcranial sonography (TCS) characteristics of the substantia nigra (SN) and brainst...