The PdNi film hydrogen sensors with Wheatstone bridge structure were designed and fabricated with the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology. The integrated sensors consisted of four PdNi alloy film resistors. The internal two were shielde...
Since the discovery of the giant magnetoresistive (GMR) effect, GMR sensors have gained much attention in last decades due to their high sensitivity, small size, and low cost. The full Wheatstone-bridge-based GMR sensor is most useful in terms of the...
Spin valves with a synthetic antiferromagnet were fabricated via magnetron sputtering. It was shown that the fabricated spin valve layers had a perfect microstructure and smooth interfaces, and therefore, an RKKY interaction dominated in the coupling...
The biomechanical properties of single cells show great potential for early disease diagnosis and effective treatments. In this study, a microfluidic device was developed for quantifying the mechanical properties of a single cell. Micropipette aspira...
This paper proposes a low noise readout integrated circuit (IC) with a chopper-stabilized multipath operational amplifier suitable for a Wheatstone bridge sensor. The input voltage of the readout IC changes due to a change in input resistance, and is...
A thermal flow transduction method combining the advantages of calorimetric and hot-film transduction principles is developed and analyzed by Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations and confirmed experimentally. The analyses include electrothermal fe...
The main objective of the work is to investigate the capacity of a single magnetoresistance (MR) element to measure AC electrical currents. An instrumentation system is presented to characterize individually the four active elements of an MR bridge c...
The combine harvester, as a multi-component machine comprising a cutting table, a conveyor, a threshing cylinder, and other components, experiences significant stress and bolt failures in cutting table-conveyor structures due to inherent excitation a...
The design and fabrication of a miniaturized calorimetric-type gas sensor in a single chip arrangement is presented. Active and passive thin-film Pt meanders are integrated in a single platform (7 × 7 mm2) together with a temperature sensor and...
Detection of bioparticles is of great importance in electrophoresis, identification of biomass sources, food and water safety, and other areas. It requires a proper model to describe bioparticles’ electromagnetic characteristics. A numerical st...
This work aims to investigate piezoresistive behavior in plain-woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). Measurement method for electric resistant alteration in the woven CFRP under tensile loading by using a Wheatstone bridge circuit is introduc...
A novel piezoresistive cantilever microprobe (PCM) with an integrated electrothermal or piezoelectric actuator has been designed to replace current commercial PCMs, which require external actuators to perform contact-resonance imaging (CRI) of workpi...
Current stress sensors for microsystems face integration challenges and complex signal decoding. This paper proposes a real-time uniaxially sensitive stress sensor. It is obtained by simple combinations of bar resistors using their sensitivity differ...
This study reviews second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII)-based read-out circuits for sensors and bioelectrical signal conditioning from existing literature. VCII is the dual circuit of a second-generation current conveyor (CCII), which provides t...
In this paper, an architecture of an electrical equivalence pyranometer with analog control of the temperature difference is presented. The classical electrical equivalence pyranometer employs a Wheatstone bridge with a feedback amplifier to keep the...
The load cell is an indispensable component of many engineering machinery and industrial automation for measuring and sensing force and torque. This paper describes the design and analysis of the strain gauge load cell, from the conceptional design s...
The load characteristics of the helicopter tail rotor system are critical to flight safety and handling performance, and flight testing remains the most direct and reliable means to obtain authentic load data. In this paper, the well-established Whea...
For this study, a substitution principle-based impedance bridge has been developed to calibrate AC resistors in a four-terminal-pair (4TP) configuration. The calibration is performed in the full complex plane for resistances ranging from 100 mΩ...
This paper reports on a design and simulation study aiming at high-accuracy 2D micromachined thermal flow transducers. The scope is restricted to micromachined devices featuring a square-shaped membrane incorporating central symmetric thin-film devic...
Magnetic field sensors based on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect have a number of practical current and future applications. We report on a modeling of the magnetoresistive response of moving spin-valve (SV) GMR sensors combined in certain cl...
Metal Oxide Semiconductor or MOS-type gas sensors are resistive sensors which can detect different reducible or volatile gases in atmospheres with oxygen. These gas sensors have been used in different areas such as food and drink industries or health...
A 2D calorimetric flow transducer is used to study distortions of the flow velocity field induced by small surface discontinuities around the chip. The transducer is incorporated into a matching recess of a PCB enabling wire-bonded interconnections t...
In this study, a review of second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) and current conveyor (CCII) circuits for the conditioning of bio signals and sensors is presented. The CCII is the most known current-mode active block, able to overcome some of the...
Pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverter drive systems are widely applied in industry for their great speed-control characteristics and performance. However, the common-mode voltage of the inverter induces motor bearing voltage and bearing current, whic...
This paper presents a novel gas-independent thermal flow sensor chip featuring three calorimetric flow sensors for measuring flow profile and direction within a tube, along with a single-wire flow independent thermal conductivity sensor capable of id...
Thanks to high sensitivity, excellent scalability, and low power consumption, magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors have been widely implemented in various industrial fields. In nondestructive magnetic flux leaka...
Magnetic position sensors have extensive applications in various industrial sectors and consumer products. However, measuring angles in the full range of 0–360° in a wide field range using a single magnetic sensor remains a challenge. Here,...
Thermal stress is one of the main sources of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) devices error. The Wheatstone bridge is the sensing structure of a typical piezoresistive MEMS pressure sensor. In this study, the thermal stress induced by potting...
The main purpose of the paper is to show how a magnetoresistive (MR) element can work as a current sensor instead of using a Wheatstone bridge composed by four MR elements, defining the concept of a magnetoresistive shunt (MR-shunt). This concept is...
Pd deposited on CeOx-MnOx/La-Al2O3 has been prepared as a sensitive material for methane (CH4) detection. The effect of different amounts (1.25%, 2.5% and 5%) of Pd loading has been investigated. The as prepared materials were deposited on Pt microco...
This paper presents an induced voltage linear extraction method for disturbing force self-sensing in the application of giant magnetostrictive actuators (GMAs). In this method, a Kelvin bridge combined with an active device is constructed instead of...
A compensation method for the sensitivity drift of a magnetoresistive (MR) Wheatstone bridge current sensor is proposed. The technique was carried out by placing a ruthenium temperature sensor and the MR sensor to be compensated inside a generalized...
This paper presents a Maxwell–Wien bridge for use in the calibration of standard inductances with values between 100 µH and 10 H and frequencies from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. The inductances are measured by comparison with a variable standard cap...
This paper presents a solution for on-chip temperature and mechanical stress measurement in CMOS integrated circuits. Thereby both temperature and stress sensors are realized as resistive Wheatstone bridges. By design, both sensors show outputs affec...
Cross-interference is not only an important factor that affects the measuring accuracy of three-dimensional force sensors, but also a technical difficulty in three-dimensional force sensor design. In this paper, a cross-interference suppression metho...
This paper discusses a new method and sensor for the detection of ultra-low masses, such as those of viruses and biomarkers. The sensor contains three microcantilevers with a common substrate that vibrates. The detection method processes phase-shifte...
The design, micro-fabrication, and characterization of a resistance temperature detector (RTD) based micro sensor for minimally invasive breathing analysis and monitoring is presented. Experimental results demonstrate that the change in air temperatu...
This paper presents a highly sensitive and novel wearable strain sensor using one-dimensional material for monitoring the respiration rate of an anesthetized rat. The dedicated sensitive sensor, based on carbon nanotubes mixed with poly(3,4-ethylened...
A vast majority of the medium and high speed Diesel engines are equipped withmulti-hole injection nozzles nowadays. Inaccuracies in workmanship and changinghydraulic conditions in the nozzles result in differences in injection rates between individua...
This paper reports a piezoresistive silicon microcantilever-based gravimetric humidity sensor, where a ZnO nanofilm (200 nm) and ZnO nanorods (NRs) with different lengths (1.5 µm and 6 µm) modified with chitosan self-assembled monolayers...
In this work we present a low noise, hardware efficient, and scalable read-out architecture for piezoresistive mechanical transducers containing multiple sensing elements. To reach the thermal noise limit the sensing elements are driven by modulated,...
High precision temperature measurements are a transversal need in a wide area of physical experiments. Space-borne gravitational wave detectors are a particularly challenging case, requiring both high precision and high stability in temperature measu...
Diode detection and bolometric detection have been widely used to measure radio frequency (RF) power. However, flow calorimeters, in particular micro-fabricated flow calorimeters, have been mostly unexplored as power meters. This paper presents the d...
A compact and efficient IC architecture is presented as an alternative to laser-trimmed precision thin-film resistors or look-up tables. The objective is to keep the device, such as a four-terminal Wheatstone bridge, but to compensate for post-manufa...
In this paper, a pressure sensor for low pressure detection (0.5 kPa–40 kPa) is proposed. In one structure (No. 1), the silicon membrane is partly etched to form a crossed beam on its top for stress concentration. An aluminum layer is also deposited...
The paper reports on temperature behavior of strain sensitivity of recently introduced screen printing technology facilitating the realization of silver and carbon black piezoresistors embedded in organic coatings. Piezoresistive layers were prepared...
This report describes a new crank arm-based force platform designed to evaluate the three-dimensional force applied to the pedals by cyclists in real conditions. The force platform was designed to be fitted on a conventional competition bicycle crank...
In atomic force microscopes (AFM) a resonantly excited, micro-machined cantilever with a tip is used for sensing surface-related properties. When targeting the integration of AFMs into vacuum environments (e.g., for enhancing the performance of scann...
This paper introduces a novel differential TMR-ACFM probe integrated with deep learning for crack detection and evaluation. The differential design effectively mitigates the lift-off effect and external noise, thereby enhancing detection performance...
A MEMS piezoresistive sensor for measuring accelerations greater than 100,000 g (about 106 m/s2) is described in this work. To enhance the performance of the sensor, specifically widening its measurement range and natural frequency, a cross-beam cons...
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