Novel Research on Permeable and Porous Elements in Wind Engineering

A special issue of Wind (ISSN 2674-032X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 1481

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: wind engineering; permeable element; computational fluid dynamics

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Guest Editor
1. School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
2. Wind Engineering Research Center, Tokyo Polytechnic University, 1583, Iiyama, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0297, Japan
Interests: structural wind engineering; wind resistant design of buildings; bluff body aerodynamics; wind-related disaster risk reduction; mitigation of wind-induced vibrations; human comfort to building vibrations

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Guest Editor
School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10083, China
Interests: wind engineering; wind effects on buildings and special structures (e.g. solar arrays); wind effects on trees and shelterbelts; CFD simulation

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Guest Editor
Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: wind engineering; computational fluid dynamics; synthetic turbulence; bluff body aerodynamics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the advantage of their versatility, e.g., in reducing wind loading on downstream objects and affecting turbulence structures, permeable/porous elements are increasingly used in the construction industry, ranging from the external skin facades of buildings to wind barriers used for bridge decks. For buildings, permeable/porous structures ensure ventilation while allowing sunlight penetration, achieving good energy-saving effects. With respect to bridge decks, permeable barriers have been proven effective in protecting vehicles from crosswinds.

However, despite being considered auxiliary structures, permeable/porous elements significantly affect the aerodynamic performance of the overall structure. In fact, the presence of permeable/porous elements may cause strong flow separations, which strongly alter the flow organization around the entire structure and, consequently, the forces exerted by wind. A well-known example is that wind barriers might increase the vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) of bridge decks. Therefore, their aerodynamic behaviour, and especially the forces, must be characterized.

This Special Issue primarily aims to discuss the aerodynamic performance, applications, and modelling approaches of permeable/porous structures. Given these structures’ wide range of applications, this issue recognizes aerodynamic studies on any building or structure with permeable/porous elements exposed to the wind as valuable contributions. In particular, research on solid fences, as a special case of zero-porosity barriers, will also be considered. Moreover, in considering the difficulties of building reduced-scale models of pores for wind tunnel experiments and the large amounts of computational resources required for such numerical simulations, novel modelling approaches and the evaluations of current modelling methods of permeable/porous elements are particularly welcome.

Original research articles and reviews are also welcome in this Special Issue. Research areas of interest include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • The aerodynamic behaviour of permeable/porous elements, e.g., wind barrier, porous skin façades, etc.
  • Novel modelling approaches of permeable/porous elements in numerical simulations and wind tunnel experiments.
  • Evaluations of the accuracy of current modelling approaches of permeable/porous elements
  • Wind loads on the structures with permeable elements.
  • Vortex-induced vibrations of bridge decks when adopting porous or solid barriers.
  • Sand mitigation measures with barriers.
  • The application of trees as windbreakers.

We look forward to receiving your contributions

Dr. Mao Xu
Prof. Dr. Yukio Tamura
Dr. Jingxue Wang
Dr. Luca Patruno
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • permeable structures
  • wind barriers
  • double-skin façades
  • porous deflector
  • grids
  • air louvre
  • wire mesh
  • perforated screens
  • resistance coefficients
  • wind loading

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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25 pages, 63771 KB  
Article
On the Aerodynamic Characterisation and Modelling of Porous Screens for Building Applications
by Marcello Catania, Giulia Pomaranzi, Paolo Schito and Alberto Zasso
Wind 2026, 6(2), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/wind6020022 - 9 May 2026
Viewed by 64
Abstract
The aerodynamic behaviour of buildings equipped with porous outer envelopes is governed by the interaction between millimetre-scale geometric features and building-scale flow structures. Explicitly resolving these scales in numerical simulations is computationally prohibitive, making homogenised porous-medium formulations a practical alternative. Among them, the [...] Read more.
The aerodynamic behaviour of buildings equipped with porous outer envelopes is governed by the interaction between millimetre-scale geometric features and building-scale flow structures. Explicitly resolving these scales in numerical simulations is computationally prohibitive, making homogenised porous-medium formulations a practical alternative. Among them, the Darcy–Forchheimer (D–F) model is widely adopted; however, the reliability of building-scale predictions critically depends on how its resistance coefficients are identified and validated. This study proposes and assesses a consistent procedure for the determination and application of D–F coefficients for porous screens used in double-skin façade systems. Porous elements are first characterised at the element scale through an analytical derivation based on aerodynamic force coefficients, from fully resolved CFD simulations of representative periodic modules. The resulting D–F coefficients are cross-compared and validated against available wind tunnel data at local Reynolds numbers ReH>3000. Secondly, the calibrated homogenised model is applied to a building-scale double-skin façade configuration. The porous layer is represented as a finite-thickness porous region governed by the identified D–F parameters and analysed through unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations. The model’s capability to reproduce global aerodynamic loads, local pressure distributions, and wake characteristics is evaluated against experimental data. The results demonstrate that a properly calibrated D–F formulation provides an accurate and computationally efficient representation of porous façade systems, bridging element-scale characterisation and structural-scale aerodynamic performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research on Permeable and Porous Elements in Wind Engineering)
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