Viral Vector-Based Vaccines: Current and Future Perspectives

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 5075

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
The Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
Interests: virus-host interactions; molecular virology; innate immune signaling pathways; molecular biology; microbiology; cell biology; immunology; oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy; cancer biology; development of therapeutic proteins
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral vectors are one of the most successful platforms for vaccines and gene therapy.  Many types of viruses are developed as vaccine and gene therapy vectors for the past several decades. Viral vector-based vaccines can be either non-replicating or replicating. Currently, against the COVID-19 pandemic, many viral vector-based vaccines are under development, and few are authorized to use.

The viral vector-based vaccines provide several advantages, including triggering a robust immune response that involves the production of antibodies by B cells and cellular immune response by T cells. However, challenges remain with many viral vectors as vaccines, such as having pre-existing immunity and risk of pathogenesis from replicating competent vectors. Future efforts to design and optimize in different aspects will eventually result in the best use of these vector-based vaccines.

This special issue of vaccines will focus on the current research, application, development, and challenges ahead with viral vector-based vaccines in the context of antigen expression, immunogenicity, delivery, protection, safety, and manufacturing. Articles on viral vectors that are also used as gene therapy are also welcome in this issue.

Prof. Masmudur M. Rahman
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Keywords: viral vectors
  • viral infections
  • vaccines
  • immune response
  • vaccine platforms
  • vaccine development
  • vaccine production
  • vaccine delivery
  • vaccine safety
  • antigen design
  • virus-like particles
  • VLPs
  • COVID-19
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • antibodies
  • cellular immunity
  • clinical trials

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

36 pages, 10300 KiB  
Article
A Triple Gene-Deleted Pseudorabies Virus-Vectored Subunit PCV2b and CSFV Vaccine Protects Pigs against PCV2b Challenge and Induces Serum Neutralizing Antibody Response against CSFV
by Selvaraj Pavulraj, Katrin Pannhorst, Rhett W. Stout, Daniel B. Paulsen, Mariano Carossino, Denise Meyer, Paul Becher and Shafiqul I. Chowdhury
Vaccines 2022, 10(2), 305; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020305 - 16 Feb 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4192
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is endemic worldwide. PCV2 causes immunosuppressive infection. Co-infection of pigs with other swine viruses, such as pseudorabies virus (PRV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV), have fatal outcomes, causing the swine industry significant economic losses in many if [...] Read more.
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is endemic worldwide. PCV2 causes immunosuppressive infection. Co-infection of pigs with other swine viruses, such as pseudorabies virus (PRV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV), have fatal outcomes, causing the swine industry significant economic losses in many if not all pig-producing countries. Currently available inactivated/modified-live/vectored vaccines against PCV2/CSFV/PRV have safety and efficacy limitations. To address these shortcomings, we have constructed a triple gene (thymidine kinase, glycoprotein E [gE], and gG)-deleted (PRVtmv) vaccine vector expressing chimeric PCV2b-capsid, CSFV-E2, and chimeric Erns-fused with bovine granulocytic monocyte-colony stimulating factor (Erns-GM-CSF), designated as PRVtmv+, a trivalent vaccine. Here we compared this vaccine’s immunogenicity and protective efficacy in pigs against wild-type PCV2b challenge with that of the inactivated Zoetis Fostera Gold PCV commercial vaccine. The live PRVtmv+ prototype trivalent subunit vaccine is safe and highly attenuated in pigs. Based on PCV2b-specific neutralizing antibody titers, viremia, viral load in lymphoid tissues, fecal-virus shedding, and leukocyte/lymphocyte count, the PRVtmv+ yielded better protection for vaccinated pigs than the commercial vaccine after the PCV2b challenge. Additionally, the PRVtmv+ vaccinated pigs generated low to moderate levels of CSFV-specific neutralizing antibodies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Vector-Based Vaccines: Current and Future Perspectives)
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