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Vaccines
Special Issues
SARS-CoV-2: Vaccines in the Pandemic Era
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SARS-CoV-2: Vaccines in the Pandemic Era

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 4178

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Weihong Gu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Interests: viral innate immune response; vaccine; single-cell sequence
Dr. Yuexiu Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Interests: viral innate immune response; vaccine; RNA modification

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection are primarily respiratory, although an increasing number of other syndromes such as cognitive deficits have been reported. As of 17 November 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in more than 636 million infections with over 6.6 million deaths (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/). Since the pandemic, multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platforms have been successfully developed for COVID-19, including messenger RNA (mRNA), inactivated virus, adenovirus vectors (Ad26.COV2.S and ChAdOx1), and spike (S) protein subunit vaccine. These vaccines demonstrate high efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and dramatical reduction in viral transmission, hospitalization, and deaths following two intramuscular injections. However, an increasing number of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have emerged, including the Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and recently dominant circulating Omicron variant. These emerging SARS-CoV-2 VOCs have significantly impaired the effectiveness of current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

To achieve a more extensive understanding of recent scientific knowledge in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, this Special issue focuses on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development. We invite you contribute original research and reviews papers on SARS-CoV-2. Topics of interest range from SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development to preclinical research and clinical evaluation.

Dr. Weihong Gu
Dr. Yuexiu Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • SARS-CoV-2
  • vaccine design
  • vaccine development
  • vaccination
  • immune responses

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1639 KiB  
Article
COVID-19 Antibody Levels among Various Vaccination Groups, One-Year Antibody Follow-Up in Two University Hospitals from Western and Central Turkey
by Mehmet Soylu, Pınar Sağıroğlu, Muhammed Alper Özarslan, Oğuzhan Acet, Zeynep Türe Yüce, Feyza İzci Çetinkaya, Seyfi Durmaz, Ömür Mustafa Parkan, Deniz Akyol, Ayşin Zeytinoğlu, Gamze Kalın Ünüvar, Meltem Taşbakan, Selma Gökahmetoğlu, Mustafa Altay Atalay, İsabel Raika Durusoy, Candan Çiçek, Hüsnü Pullukçu, Orhan Yıldız, Şaziye Rüçhan Sertöz and Memnune Selda Erensoy
Vaccines 2024, 12(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010059 - 7 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1691
Abstract
Various clinical outcomes, reinfections, vaccination programs, and antibody responses resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the time-dependent changes in SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in infected and/or vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals and to provide insights into spike and nucleocapsid antibodies, which fluctuate during [...] Read more.
Various clinical outcomes, reinfections, vaccination programs, and antibody responses resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the time-dependent changes in SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in infected and/or vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals and to provide insights into spike and nucleocapsid antibodies, which fluctuate during infectious and non-infectious states. This cohort study was carried out at the Ege University Faculty of Medicine hospital in İzmir (western Turkey) and the Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine hospital in Kayseri (central Turkey) between December 2021 and January 2023, which coincided with the second half of COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 100 COVID-19 PCR-positive patients and 190 healthcare workers (HCWs). Antibody levels were followed up via quantitative anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike and qualitative anti-nucleocapsid immunoassays (Elecsys™). Antibody levels declined after infection but persisted for at least 6–8 months. Individuals who had received only CoronaVac had higher anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels in the early months than those who received mixed vaccination. However, anti-spike antibodies persisted longer and at higher levels in individuals who had received mixed vaccinations. This suggests that combining two different vaccine platforms may provide a synergistic effect, resulting in more durable and broad-spectrum immunity against SARS-CoV-2. The study provides information about the vaccination and antibody status of healthcare workers in the second half of the pandemic and provides valuable insights into the dynamics of antibody responses to COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SARS-CoV-2: Vaccines in the Pandemic Era)
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17 pages, 1730 KiB  
Article
Booster Dose Vaccination and Dynamics of COVID-19 Pandemic in the Fifth Wave: An Efficient and Simple Mathematical Model for Disease Progression
by Thitiya Theparod, Pannathon Kreabkhontho and Watchara Teparos
Vaccines 2023, 11(3), 589; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030589 - 3 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2053
Abstract
Background: Mathematical studies exploring the impact of booster vaccine doses on the recent COVID-19 waves are scarce, leading to ambiguity regarding the significance of booster doses. Methods: A mathematical model with seven compartments was used to determine the basic and effective reproduction numbers [...] Read more.
Background: Mathematical studies exploring the impact of booster vaccine doses on the recent COVID-19 waves are scarce, leading to ambiguity regarding the significance of booster doses. Methods: A mathematical model with seven compartments was used to determine the basic and effective reproduction numbers and the proportion of infected people during the fifth wave of COVID-19. Using the next-generation matrix, we computed the effective reproduction parameter, Rt. Results: During the fifth COVID-19 wave, the basic reproductive number in Thailand was calculated to be R0= 1.018691. Analytical analysis of the model revealed both local and global stability of the disease-free equilibrium and the presence of an endemic equilibrium. A dose-dependent decrease in the percentage of infected individuals was observed in the vaccinated population. The simulation results matched the real-world data of the infected patients, establishing the suitability of the model. Furthermore, our analysis suggested that people who had received vaccinations had a better recovery rate and that the death rate was the lowest among those who received the booster dose. The booster dose reduced the effective reproduction number over time, suggesting a vaccine efficacy rate of 0.92. Conclusion: Our study employed a rigorous analytical approach to accurately describe the dynamics of the COVID-19 fifth wave in Thailand. Our findings demonstrated that administering a booster dose can significantly increase the vaccine efficacy rate, resulting in a lower effective reproduction number and a reduction in the number of infected individuals. These results have important implications for public health policymaking, as they provide useful information for the more effective forecasting of the pandemic and improving the efficiency of public health interventions. Moreover, our study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the effectiveness of booster doses in mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Essentially, our study suggests that administering a booster dose can substantially reduce the spread of the virus, supporting the case for widespread booster dose campaigns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SARS-CoV-2: Vaccines in the Pandemic Era)
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