Personalised Cancer Vaccines

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 1475

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Medical Oncology Unit, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
Interests: pancreatic cancer; anal cancer; GI cancer; cancer vaccine; chemotherapy, adjuvant therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Personalized mRNA cancer vaccines are a form of immunotherapy treatment that is currently being tested in clinical trials. They are tailored to each person's cancer and work by training the immune system to recognize, destroy, and prevent the spread of cancer cells. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in personalized cancer vaccines, primarily due to the use of innovative technologies to identify neoantigens and novel vaccine delivery platforms. There is currently one therapeutic cancer vaccine, namely sipuleucel-T (Provenge); this is a dendritic cell-based vaccine utilized for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Personalized immunotherapy offers a means of enhancing these therapies, with dendritic cells being pulsed with specific neoantigens for a personalized immunotherapy that matches neoantigens on the surface of cancer cells with those of the vaccine components in each patient. In addition, these cancer vaccines may be combined with other immunotherapies.  mRNA- and DNA-based vaccines present an additional opportunity for cancer therapeutics, and modified viral and peptide vaccines are also being investigated. Next-generation sequencing and molecular profiling, in combination with the ability to computationally predict antigens and proteins, allows one to create cancer vaccines. In this Special Issue, novel cancer vaccines, adjuvants, and therapeutics will be examined, with regard to their regulation and treatment of disease. Cancer vaccines are coming.

Dr. Andrew L. Coveler
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • peptide vaccines
  • mRNA vaccines
  • DNA vaccines
  • cancer vaccines

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 1427 KiB  
Article
Citrullinated ENO1 Vaccine Enhances PD-1 Blockade in Mice Implanted with Murine Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
by Ricardo A. León-Letelier, Alejandro M. Sevillano-Mantas, Yihui Chen, Soyoung Park, Jody Vykoukal, Johannes F. Fahrmann, Edwin J. Ostrin, Candace Garrett, Rongzhang Dou, Yining Cai, Fu-Chung Hsiao, Jennifer B. Dennison, Eduardo Vilar, Banu K. Arun, Samir Hanash and Hiroyuki Katayama
Vaccines 2025, 13(6), 629; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13060629 - 11 Jun 2025
Viewed by 847
Abstract
Background/Objectives:Cancer vaccine targets mostly include mutations and overexpressed proteins. However, cancer-associated post-translational modifications (PTMs) may also induce immune responses. Previously, our group established the enzyme protein arginine deiminase type-2 (PADI2), which catalyzes citrullination modification, is highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives:Cancer vaccine targets mostly include mutations and overexpressed proteins. However, cancer-associated post-translational modifications (PTMs) may also induce immune responses. Previously, our group established the enzyme protein arginine deiminase type-2 (PADI2), which catalyzes citrullination modification, is highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), promoting antigenicity. Methods: Here, we show the workflow of designing citrullinated enolase 1 (citENO1) vaccine peptides identified from breast cancer cells by mass spectrometry and demonstrate TNBC vaccine efficacy in the mouse model. Immunized mice with citENO1 peptides or the corresponding unmodified peptides, plus Poly I:C as an adjuvant, were orthotopically implanted with a TNBC murine cell line. Results: Vaccination with citENO1, but not unmodified ENO1 (umENO1), induced a greater percentage of activated CD8+ PD-1+ T cells and effector memory T cells in skin-draining lymph nodes (SDLNs). Remarkably, the citENO1 vaccine delayed tumor growth and prolonged overall survival, which was further enhanced by PD-1 blockade. Conclusions: Our data suggest that cancer-restricted post-translational modifications provide a source of vaccines that induce an anti-cancer immune response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalised Cancer Vaccines)
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