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Vaccines
Special Issues
State-of-the-Art Vaccine Design
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State-of-the-Art Vaccine Design

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Attenuated/Inactivated/Live and Vectored Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 3042

Special Issue Editor

Dr. D. William Provance, Jr.

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for the Development of Technology in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Interests: production of designer proteins that contain a large number immunological elements chosen for diverse biomedical applications including serodiagnostics, vaccines and directed antibody production

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research in vaccine design has made significant progress in recent years, leveraging innovative technologies to enhance their efficacy, safety, and accessibility. One major advancement is the use of nucleic acids, such as mRNA and DNA technology, to directly produce the desired antigen within the recipient’s body. Next-generation vaccines, including viral vectors, protein subunits, and nanoparticle-based formulations, are being investigated to stimulate strong, long-lasting immune responses involving B- and T-cells. Computational biology and artificial intelligence are also revolutionizing vaccine design by identifying new antigen targets and optimizing vaccine candidates. Synthetic biology has an important role in developing new adjuvants and delivery systems to enhance vaccine effectiveness. Additionally, efforts are underway to create universal vaccines targeting influenza, coronaviruses, and others providing broader protection against diverse strains. We are inviting submissions for this Special Issue to showcase the latest developments in vaccine design. Research areas can cover all aspects related to advancing knowledge in vaccine development and improving their performance.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. D. William Provance, Jr.
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccine
  • adjuvant
  • recombinant antigen
  • synthetic biology
  • vaccine delivery systems
  • universal vaccines
  • immunity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

14 pages, 2165 KiB  
Review
No Increased Risk of Autoimmune Diseases Following HPV Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Filippo Alberto Ferrari, Enrico Ciminello, Marcello Ceccaroni, Matteo Pavone, Violante Di Donato, Giorgia Perniola, Pierluigi Benedetti Panici, Ludovico Muzii, Andrea Giannini, Giuseppe Vizzielli, Giorgio Bogani and Giusi Santangelo
Vaccines 2025, 13(4), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13040391 - 7 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1090
Abstract
Background: HPV vaccination reduces the risk of anogenital warts, high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+), and cervical cancer. To enhance immunogenicity, HPV vaccines include adjuvants such as toll-like receptor agonists, which may theoretically trigger autoimmune responses. However, existing data on this risk remain conflicting. [...] Read more.
Background: HPV vaccination reduces the risk of anogenital warts, high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+), and cervical cancer. To enhance immunogenicity, HPV vaccines include adjuvants such as toll-like receptor agonists, which may theoretically trigger autoimmune responses. However, existing data on this risk remain conflicting. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the association between HPV vaccination and autoimmune disease onset in post-licensure controlled studies. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library from inception to June 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024606834). Results: A total of 356 studies were identified, including cross-reference reviews. Fourteen met inclusion criteria for qualitative and quantitative analysis, encompassing 8,088,838 patients, of whom 2,041,865 received the HPV vaccine. Conclusions: This meta-analysis found no significant association between HPV vaccination and autoimmune disease development. However, further large-scale observational studies are needed, particularly among male recipients, as current evidence is predominantly based on female populations. Future research should also evaluate risks for specific autoimmune disorders to refine the vaccine’s safety profile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Vaccine Design)
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18 pages, 2085 KiB  
Review
Lipoprotein Signal Peptide as Adjuvants: Leveraging Lipobox-Driven TLR2 Activation in Modern Vaccine Design
by Muhammad Umar, Haroon Afzal, Asad Murtaza and Li-Ting Cheng
Vaccines 2025, 13(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13010036 - 2 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1665
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling is a pivotal component of immune system activation, and it is closely linked to the lipidation of bacterial proteins. This lipidation is guided by bacterial signal peptides (SPs), which ensure the precise targeting and membrane anchoring of these [...] Read more.
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling is a pivotal component of immune system activation, and it is closely linked to the lipidation of bacterial proteins. This lipidation is guided by bacterial signal peptides (SPs), which ensure the precise targeting and membrane anchoring of these proteins. The lipidation process is essential for TLR2 recognition and the activation of robust immune responses, positioning lipidated bacterial proteins as potent immunomodulators and adjuvants for vaccines against bacterial-, viral-, and cancer-related antigens. The structural diversity and cleavage pathways of bacterial SPs are critical in determining lipidation efficiency and protein localization, influencing their immunogenic potential. Recent advances in bioinformatics have significantly improved the prediction of SP structures and cleavage sites, facilitating the rational design of recombinant lipoproteins optimized for immune activation. Moreover, the use of SP-containing lipobox motifs, as adjuvants to lipidate heterologous proteins, has expanded the potential of vaccines targeting a broad range of pathogens. However, challenges persist in expressing lipidated proteins, particularly within heterologous systems. These challenges can be addressed by optimizing expression systems, such as engineering E. coli strains for enhanced lipidation. Thus, lipoprotein signal peptides (SPs) demonstrate remarkable versatility as adjuvants in vaccine development, diagnostics, and immune therapeutics, highlighting their essential role in advancing immune-based strategies to combat diverse pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Vaccine Design)
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