Advances in Aquatic Animal Immunology and Vaccine Development for Disease Prevention

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 748

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
Interests: research on immunological mechanisms and vaccine immunology in aquatic animals; construction of vaccine delivery systems and development of novel immune adjuvants

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aquatic animal health is crucial not only for sustainable aquaculture and biodiversity, but also for global food security and public health. Aquatic animals, including fish, crustaceans, and mollusks, are susceptible to a wide range of infectious diseases that can lead to significant economic losses and ecological disruptions. Moreover, some aquatic pathogens pose zoonotic risks, threatening human health. Understanding the immune mechanisms of aquatic animals and developing effective vaccines are essential steps toward mitigating these risks and promoting sustainable aquaculture practices.

This Special Issue invites original research articles, reviews, and short communications that focus on the following topics:

  1. Mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity in aquatic animals;
  2. Novel vaccine development and delivery systems for aquatic animals;
  3. Immune responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in aquatic species;
  4. One Health approaches to aquatic animal vaccination and disease prevention;
  5. Innovative strategies for vaccine storage, distribution, and administration in aquaculture settings.

We encourage submissions that provide new insights, methodologies, or applications in the field of aquatic animal immunology and vaccinology. Both fundamental and applied research studies are welcome, as are comprehensive reviews that synthesize current knowledge and identify future directions.

By focusing on aquatic animals, this Special Issue aims to address the unique challenges and opportunities in this field, contributing to the development of effective vaccination strategies that minimize disease outbreaks, improve animal health, and protect human populations from zoonotic diseases.

We look forward to receiving your submissions and to the opportunity to showcase cutting-edge research in this vital area.

Dr. Xiaohong Liu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aquatic animal immunity
  • fish vaccines
  • crustacean and mollusk disease prevention
  • immune modulation in aquatic species
  • novel vaccine delivery systems in aquaculture
  • zoonotic disease prevention in aquatic animals

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 2219 KB  
Article
Efficacy of Whole-Cell-Based Mono- and Bi-Valent Vaccines Against Nocardia seriolae and Aeromonas veronii in Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides
by Qiushi Zhang, Nengbin Zhu, Ruiping Xu, Eakapol Wangkahart, Lin Zhang, Lihe Liu, Rui Wang, Zhen Xu, Weiguang Kong and Hongsen Xu
Vaccines 2025, 13(9), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13090942 - 3 Sep 2025
Viewed by 505
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Nocardia seriolae and Aeromonas veronii are two important pathogens that can affect a wide range of fish species and cause substantial economic losses. However, a vaccine that simultaneously protects fish from these two bacterial infections is not yet available. Methods: Three formalin-inactivated [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Nocardia seriolae and Aeromonas veronii are two important pathogens that can affect a wide range of fish species and cause substantial economic losses. However, a vaccine that simultaneously protects fish from these two bacterial infections is not yet available. Methods: Three formalin-inactivated whole-cell vaccines prepared from N. seriolae and A. veronii (Monovalent Av, Monovalent Ns and Bivalent Av-Ns) were generated, and their efficacy was evaluated through a range of tests. The immune-related gene expression in the spleen and head kidney, enzyme activity, and specific antibody levels in serum were also detected. Results: All groups of vaccinated fish exhibited increased serum enzymatic activity compared with control fish, which peaked at week 3 after vaccination; in particular, that of the Bivalent Av-Ns group increased remarkably. The expression of immune-related genes in the spleen, head, and kidneys increased after immunization and were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) in the bivalent vaccine group. Specific antibodies were produced at the 1st wpv, peaked at the 4th to the 5th wpv, and then decreased at the 6th wpv in all vaccinated groups. The Monovalent Av and Monovalent Ns against A. veronii and N. seriolae showed 56.67% and 22.22% RPS, respectively. Moreover, Bivalent Av-Ns offered 33.33% and 76.67% RPS for single infection with N. seriolae or A. veronii, as well as providing 44.44% RPS for dual infection with combined N. seriolae and A. veronii. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the administration of the A. veronii and N. seriolae bivalent vaccine can protect largemouth bass from both bacterial infections. Full article
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