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Vaccines
Special Issues
Immune Responses in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Vaccination
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Immune Responses in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Vaccination

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 2068

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Phil-Robin Tepasse

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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clincial Infectiology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
Interests: clinical infectiology (opportunistic infections, HIV, viral hepatitis, mycobacterioses, gastrointestinal infections); chronic inflammatory bowel diseases
Dr. Arne Bokemeyer

E-Mail
Guest Editor
1. Department for Gastroenterology, Diabetology and Palliative Care, Bonifatius Hospital Lingen, 49808 Lingen, Germany
2. Department for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
Interests: inflammatory bowel disease; opportunistic infections

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to publish your work in this Special Issue, ‘Immune Responses in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease after Vaccination’. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease often require immunomodulatory therapies to control their symptoms and intestinal inflammation. To date, numerous drugs from different drug classes have been approved. Combination therapies are being increasingly discussed for refractory IBD courses. Immunomodulation potentially leads to a restricted immune response after application of vaccines in these patients. As a result, the protective effect of vaccines against infections and severe disease progression may be reduced. In addition, the risk of opportunistic infections and severe courses of conventional infections increases, particularly with combined immunomodulatory therapy.

This Special Issue aims to gather important insights into the immune response to vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Both original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but not limited to) basic scientific findings on vaccination from the fields of virology, bacteriology and immunology, innovative approaches to vaccine development and clinical studies on vaccine response and disease progression in IBD patients. Of particular interest are the approaches to prevent opportunistic infections such as cytomegalovirus reactivation.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Phil-Robin Tepasse
Dr. Arne Bokemeyer
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • inflammatory bowel disease
  • vaccination
  • opportunistic infections
  • immune response
  • immunomodulatory therapy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 4653 KiB  
Article
SARS-CoV-2 Variant-Specific Antibodies in Vaccinated Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
by Eva Ulla Lorentzen, Richard Vollenberg, Rieke Neddermeyer, Michael Schoefbaenker, Eike R. Hrincius, Stephan Ludwig, Phil-Robin Tepasse and Joachim Ewald Kuehn
Vaccines 2025, 13(6), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13060595 (registering DOI) - 30 May 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) undergoing treatment with anti-TNF antibodies mount a diminished humoral immune response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 compared to healthy controls. The characterization of variant-specific immune responses is particularly warranted among immunosuppressed patients, where reduced responses may [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) undergoing treatment with anti-TNF antibodies mount a diminished humoral immune response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 compared to healthy controls. The characterization of variant-specific immune responses is particularly warranted among immunosuppressed patients, where reduced responses may necessitate further medical interventions. Methods: This pilot study investigated the humoral immune response of vaccinated IBD patients on anti-TNF medication and a comparable group of healthy individuals against the viral variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5. While total IgG antibodies targeting the receptor binding site of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were quantified using a chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA), their potential neutralizing capacity was determined using commercial and variant-specific in-house surrogate virus neutralization tests (sVNTs) against a variant-specific in-house VSV-pseudotyped virus neutralization test (pVNT) as the gold standard. Results: Employing variant-specific assays recapitulated the immune escape functions of virus variants. Conspicuously, antibody reactivity against Alpha and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 was strikingly poor in IBD patient sera post-initial vaccination compared to healthy individuals. A comparison of the diagnostic performance of assays with the pVNT revealed that identification of patients with inadequate humoral responses by CMIA and sVNT may require adjustments to cut-off values and end-point titration of sera. Following adaptation of cut-off values, patient sera exhibited reduced reactivity against all tested variants. The assay panel used substantiated the impact of anti-TNF therapy in IBD patients as to reduced strength, function, and breadth of the immune response to several SARS-CoV-2 variants. The immune response measured following the second vaccination was comparable to the antibody response observed in healthy individuals following the first vaccination. Conclusion: Variant-specific sVNTs and pVNTs have the potential to serve as valuable tools for evaluating the efficacy of adapted vaccines and to inform clinical interventions in the care of immunosuppressed patients. Anti-TNF-treated individuals with antibody levels below the optimized CMIA threshold should be considered for early booster vaccination and/or close immunological monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Responses in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Vaccination)
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Review

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16 pages, 1091 KiB  
Review
Beyond Suppression: Peripheral T Cell Responses to Vaccination in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Undergoing Anti-Tumor-Necrosis-Factor Therapy
by Martin Qui and Ennaliza Salazar
Vaccines 2024, 12(11), 1280; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12111280 - 14 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1387
Abstract
Alimentary tract inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is treated by systemically administered drugs that alter fundamental host immune responses. Biologics that target tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are first-line biologics in IBD, used widely for their effectiveness, steroid-sparing quality, and lower cost. While [...] Read more.
Alimentary tract inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is treated by systemically administered drugs that alter fundamental host immune responses. Biologics that target tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are first-line biologics in IBD, used widely for their effectiveness, steroid-sparing quality, and lower cost. While they enable a significant proportion of patients to achieve clinical remission, they carry an increased risk of infection and poor serological responses to vaccination. Conversely, our understanding of adaptive T cell responses in anti-TNF-treated IBD patients remains limited. The introduction of COVID-19 vaccines has prompted research that both challenges and refines our view on immunomodulatory therapy and its potential implications for immunity and protection. Here, we review these emergent findings, evaluate how they shape our understanding of vaccine-induced T cell responses in the context of anti-TNF therapy in IBD, and provide a perspective highlighting the need for a holistic evaluation of both cellular and humoral immunity in this population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Responses in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Vaccination)
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