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Vaccines
Special Issues
Molecular Mechanisms of Influenza Virus and Coronavirus
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Molecular Mechanisms of Influenza Virus and Coronavirus

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular/Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 1532

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gang Ye

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
Interests: coronavirus; antibody; crystal structure; viral entry and replication
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Influenza virus and Coronavirus share many similarities. Both are RNA viruses, mainly using a surface glycoprotein to attach and enter host cells and encoding the polymerase for transcription and replication of the viral RNAs. Influenza virus and Coronavirus (especially the SARS-CoV-2) can infect humans and cause similar mild respiratory symptoms. But they can also cause serious diseases that could lead to death in some populations. Vaccines play an important role in the control of the diseases. But the viruses evolve quickly to escape the current vaccines and continue to infect the population. Study on the molecular mechanisms of the influenza virus and Coronavirus will help better understand their viral entry, viral replication, and virus-host interaction.

This Special Issue welcomes studies, including research articles and brief reports, focused on the molecular mechanisms of the influenza virus and Coronavirus, which could help improve the current interventions, identify new antiviral targets, and develop novel strategies to combat the diseases.

Dr. Gang Ye
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • influenza virus
  • coronavirus
  • molecular mechanism

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 2105 KiB  
Article
Mapping IgA Epitope and Cross-Reactivity between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus 2 and DENV
by Salvatore G. De-Simone, Paloma Napoleão-Pêgo, Guilherme C. Lechuga, João P. R. S. Carvalho, Maria E. Monteiro, Carlos M. Morel and David W. Provance, Jr.
Vaccines 2023, 11(12), 1749; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121749 - 24 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1115
Abstract
Background: The newly introduced COVID-19 vaccines have reduced disease severity and hospitalizations. However, they do not significantly prevent infection or transmission. In the same context, measuring IgM and IgG antibody levels is important, but it does not provide information about the status of [...] Read more.
Background: The newly introduced COVID-19 vaccines have reduced disease severity and hospitalizations. However, they do not significantly prevent infection or transmission. In the same context, measuring IgM and IgG antibody levels is important, but it does not provide information about the status of the mucosal immune response. This article describes a comprehensive mapping of IgA epitopes of the S protein, its cross-reactivity, and the development of an ELISA-peptide assay. Methods: IgA epitope mapping was conducted using SPOT synthesis and sera from RT-qPCR COVID-19-positive patients. Specific and cross-reacting epitopes were identified, and an evolutionary analysis from the early Wuhan strain to the Omicron variant was performed using bioinformatics tools and a microarray of peptides. The selected epitopes were chemically synthesized and evaluated using ELISA-IgA. Results: A total of 40 IgA epitopes were identified with 23 in S1 and 17 in the S2 subunit. Among these, at least 23 epitopes showed cross-reactivity with DENV and other organisms and 24 showed cross-reactivity with other associated coronaviruses. Three MAP4 polypeptides were validated by ELISA, demonstrating a sensitivity of 90–99.96% and a specificity of 100%. Among the six IgA-RBD epitopes, only the SC/18 epitope of the Omicron variants (BA.2 and BA.2.12.1) presented a single IgA epitope. Conclusions: This research unveiled the IgA epitome of the S protein and identified many epitopes that exhibit cross-reactivity with DENV and other coronaviruses. The S protein of variants from Wuhan to Omicron retains many conserved IgA epitopes except for one epitope (#SCov/18). The cross-reactivity with DENV suggests limitations in using the whole S protein or the S1/S2/RBD segment for IgA serological diagnostic tests for COVID-19. The expression of these identified specific epitopes as diagnostic biomarkers could facilitate monitoring mucosal immunity to COVID-19, potentially leading to more accurate diagnoses and alternative mucosal vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Influenza Virus and Coronavirus)
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