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Universe
Special Issues
Space Weather and Space Climate of Our Solar System
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Space Weather and Space Climate of Our Solar System

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "Solar and Stellar Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (26 November 2021) | Viewed by 5338

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fiona Simpson

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
Interests: electrical conductivity and anisotropy of the Earth’s crust and mantle; electromagnetic induction in the Earth and near-Earth space; geomagnetism; lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary; magnetotellurics; space weather
Prof. Dr. Karsten Bahr

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Geophysics Institute, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Interests: magnetotellurics; percolation theory; conduction mechanisms; space weather
Dr. Giuseppe Consolini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institute for Astrophysics-Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology (INAF-IAPS), 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: complexity and turbulence in space plasmas; dynamical systems and information theory approaches to Sun-Earth relationships and Earth’s magnetospheric dynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

The solar wind is a continuous stream of high-energy charged particles emitted from the Sun that is highly variable in geometric form and intensity. Space weather and space climate research aims to understand the dynamic evolution of the solar wind across space and time and its impact on the Earth and other planetary systems. This requires expertise from fields including astronomy, astrophysics, geophysics, magnetohydrodynamics, machine learning, and plasma physics. This issue welcomes theoretical, observational, and simulation/modeling studies related to space weather and space climate on all spatial and temporal scales, including solar–wind dynamics, coronal mass ejections, evolution of planetary magnetic fields, solar–terrestrial interactions, the open–closed magnetic field boundary and magnetic reconnection, magnetic storms and substorms, ionospheric disturbances and scintillation, electric current systems in the ionosphere, forecasting and mitigation of the effects of space weather disruption to technological systems both in space and at Earth’s surface, and constraints on space weather risk derived from both ground- and space-based observational systems. Multidisciplinary studies are particularly encouraged.

Dr. Fiona Simpson
Prof. Dr. Karsten Bahr
Dr. Giuseppe Consolini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aurora
  • coronal mass ejections
  • electrical conductivity
  • electromagnetic induction
  • forecasting
  • geomagnetism
  • ionospheric disturbances
  • machine learning
  • magnetic observatories
  • magnetic reconnection
  • magnetic storms
  • natural hazards
  • satellite data
  • solar–terrestrial interactions
  • solar wind
  • space climate
  • space physics
  • space weather

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 440 KiB  
Article
M-Class Solar Flares in Solar Cycles 23 and 24: Properties and Space Weather Relevance
by Rositsa Miteva and Susan W. Samwel
Universe 2022, 8(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8010039 - 10 Jan 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2660
Abstract
A comprehensive statistical analysis on the properties and accompanied phenomena of all M-class solar flares (as measured in soft X-rays) in the last two solar cycles (1996–2019) is presented here with a focus on their space weather potential. The information about the parent [...] Read more.
A comprehensive statistical analysis on the properties and accompanied phenomena of all M-class solar flares (as measured in soft X-rays) in the last two solar cycles (1996–2019) is presented here with a focus on their space weather potential. The information about the parent active region and the underlying sunspot (Hale) type is collected for each case, where possible, in order to identify photospheric precondition as precursors for the solar flare eruption or confinement. Associations with coronal mass ejections, solar energetic particles, and interplanetary radio emissions are also evaluated and discussed as possible proxies for flare eruption and subsequent space weather relevance. The results show that the majority (∼80%) of the analyzed M-class flares are of β, β-γ, and β-γ-δ magnetic field configuration. The M-class population of flares is accompanied by CMEs in 41% of the cases and about half of the flare sample has been associated with radio emission from electron beams. A much lower association (≲10%) is obtained with shock wave radio signatures and energetic particles. Furthermore, a parametric scheme is proposed in terms of occurrence rates between M-class flares and a variety of accompanied solar phenomena as a function of flare sub-classes or magnetic type. This study confirms the well-known reduced but inevitable space weather importance of M-class flares. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Space Weather and Space Climate of Our Solar System)
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18 pages, 1708 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the UMASEP-10 Version 2 Tool for Predicting All >10 MeV SEP Events of Solar Cycles 22, 23 and 24
by Marlon Núñez
Universe 2022, 8(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8010035 - 7 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1771
Abstract
The prediction of solar energetic particle (SEP) events may help to improve the mitigation of adverse effects on humans and technology in space. UMASEP (University of Málaga Solar particle Event Predictor) is an empirical model scheme that predicts SEP events. This scheme is [...] Read more.
The prediction of solar energetic particle (SEP) events may help to improve the mitigation of adverse effects on humans and technology in space. UMASEP (University of Málaga Solar particle Event Predictor) is an empirical model scheme that predicts SEP events. This scheme is based on a dual-model approach. The first model predicts well-connected events by using an improved lag-correlation algorithm for analyzing soft X-ray (SXR) and differential proton fluxes to estimate empirically the Sun–Earth magnetic connectivity. The second model predicts poorly connected events by analyzing the evolution of differential proton fluxes. This study presents the evaluation of UMASEP-10 version 2, a tool based on the aforementioned scheme for predicting all >10 MeV SEP events, including those without associated flare. The evaluation of this tool is presented in terms of the probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR) and average warning time (AWT). The best performance was achieved for the solar cycle 24 (i.e., 2008–2019), obtaining a POD of 91.1% (41/45), a FAR of 12.8% (6/47) and an AWT of 2 h 46 min. These results show that UMASEP-10 version 2 obtains a high POD and low FAR mainly because it is able to detect true Sun–Earth magnetic connections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Space Weather and Space Climate of Our Solar System)
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