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Universe: Feature Papers 2024—High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics

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A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 4099

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Roman Pasechnik

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Guest Editor

Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
Interests: subatomic physics; astronomy; astrophysics and cosmology; grand unification; Higgs physics; supersymmetry; electroweak physics; beyond the standard model; composite models; physical vacuum; quasiclassical gravity; cosmic inflation models; heavy-ion collisions; hard production processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schafer

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Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
Interests: phenomenology of quantum chromodynamics; high-energy nuclear physics and electroweak interactions of hadrons

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to present the cutting edge of the most recent advances in the intersecting study of high-energy nuclear and particle physics with other fields at all relevant scales from mutually stimulating theoretical, phenomenological and experimental perspectives. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

supersymmetry;
hadron collider physics;
dark matter physics;
neutrino physics;
neutrino oscillations;
phase transitions;
critical phenomena;
heavy ion collisions;
ultra-high-energy cosmic rays;
astroparticle physics.

You are welcome to send short proposals for submissions of Feature Papers to our Editorial Office ([email protected]). They will be evaluated by Editors first, and the selected papers will be thoroughly and rigorously peer reviewed.

Dr. Roman Pasechnik
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schafer
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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50 pages, 3558 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dark Atoms of Nuclear Interacting Dark Matter

by Vitaly A. Beylin, Timur E. Bikbaev, Maxim Yu. Khlopov, Andrey G. Mayorov and Danila O. Sopin

Universe 2024, 10(9), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10090368 - 11 Sep 2024

Viewed by 220

Abstract

The lack of positive evidence for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) as well as the lack of discovery of supersymmetric (SUSY) particles at the LHC may appeal to a non-supersymmetric solution for the Standard Model problem of the Higgs boson mass divergence, the origin of the electroweak energy scale and the physical nature of the cosmological dark matter in the approach of composite Higgs boson. If the Higgs boson consists of charged constituents, their binding can lead to stable particles with electroweak charges. Such particles can take part in sphaleron transitions in the early Universe, which balance their excess with baryon asymmetry. Constraints on exotic charged species leave only stable particles with charge

- 2 n

possible, which can bind with n nuclei of primordial helium in neutral dark atoms. The predicted ratio of densities of dark atoms and baryonic matter determines the condition for dark atoms to dominate in the cosmological dark matter. To satisfy this condition of the dark-atom nature of the observed dark matter, the mass of new stable

- 2 n

charged particles should be within reach of the LHC for their searches. We discuss the possibilities of dark-atom binding in multi-atom systems and present state-of-the-art quantum mechanical descriptions of dark-atom interactions with nuclei. Annual modulations in such interactions with nuclei of underground detectors can explain the positive results of DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA experiments and the negative results of the underground WIMP searches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Universe: Feature Papers 2024—High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics)

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21 pages, 1039 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Charmonium Transport in Heavy-Ion Collisions at the LHC

by Biaogang Wu and Ralf Rapp

Universe 2024, 10(6), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10060244 - 31 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 494

Abstract

We provide an update on our semi-classical transport approach for quarkonium production in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, focusing on

J / ψ

and

ψ (2 S)

mesons in 5.02 TeV Pb-Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at both forward and [...] Read more.

We provide an update on our semi-classical transport approach for quarkonium production in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, focusing on

J / ψ

and

ψ (2 S)

mesons in 5.02 TeV Pb-Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at both forward and mid-rapidity. In particular, we employ the most recent charm-production cross sections reported in pp collisions, which are pivotal for the magnitude of the regeneration contribution, and their modifications due to cold-nuclear-matter (CNM) effects. Multi-differential observables are calculated in terms of nuclear modification factors as a function of centrality, transverse momentum, and rapidity, including the contributions from feeddown from bottom hadron decays. For our predictions for

ψ (2 S)

production, the mechanism of sequential regeneration relative to the more strongly bound

J / ψ

meson plays an important role in interpreting recent ALICE data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Universe: Feature Papers 2024—High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics)

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14 pages, 1379 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating Fully Strange Tetraquark System with Positive Parity in a Chiral Quark Model

by Yue Tan, Yuheng Wu, Hongxia Huang and Jialun Ping

Universe 2024, 10(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10010017 - 29 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1079

Abstract

Motivated by the intriguing discovery of

X (6900)

by the LHCb collaboration, we undertake a comprehensive study of the

s \bar{s} s \bar{s}

tetraquark system with positive parity, employing the Gaussian expansion within the chiral quark model method. We [...] Read more.

Motivated by the intriguing discovery of

X (6900)

by the LHCb collaboration, we undertake a comprehensive study of the

s \bar{s} s \bar{s}

tetraquark system with positive parity, employing the Gaussian expansion within the chiral quark model method. We consider two structures, the diquark–antidiquark (

s s

\bar{s} \bar{s}

) structure and meson–meson (

s \bar{s}

s \bar{s}

) structure, covering all conceivable color and spin configurations. Despite the absence of bound states in our calculations, we have identified potential resonant states with

J^{P} = 0^{+}

, namely,

R (0, 2150)

and

R (0, 2915)

, as well as a resonant state with

J^{P} = 1^{+}

, denoted as

R (1, 2950)

, and a resonant state with

J^{P} = 2^{+}

, denoted as

R (2, 2850)

, utilizing the real-scaling method. By comparing their energies and widths, we suggest that

R (0, 2915)

and

R (1, 2950)

may share characteristics with

X (6900)

, while

R (0, 2150)

could be a promising candidate for the experimental state

f_{0} (2100)

. We strongly advocate for experimental investigations to shed light on the existence and properties of these resonant states. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Universe: Feature Papers 2024—High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics)

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14 pages, 380 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of Hidden-Charm and Hidden-Bottom Pentaquark Resonances in the Quark Model

by Xinmei Zhu, Yuheng Wu, Hongxia Huang, Jialun Ping and Youchang Yang

Universe 2023, 9(6), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9060265 - 31 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 982

Abstract

Inspired by the LHCb observation of hidden-charm pentaquarks, i.e.,

P_{c} (4312)

P_{c} (4440)

, and

P_{c} (4457)

in the

J / ψ p

invariant mass spectrum, a calculation of the [...] Read more.

Inspired by the LHCb observation of hidden-charm pentaquarks, i.e.,

P_{c} (4312)

P_{c} (4440)

, and

P_{c} (4457)

in the

J / ψ p

invariant mass spectrum, a calculation of the

J / ψ p

scattering cross-section was performed using the quark-delocalization color screening model. The results show that

P_{c} (4312)

can be identified as a hidden-charm molecular state

Σ_{c} D

with

J^{P} = {\frac{1}{2}}^{-}

. The two-peak structure can be reproduced around 4450 MeV, which corresponds to

P_{c} (4440)

and

P_{c} (4457)

. They are the resonances molecular states

Σ_{c} D^{*}

J^{P} = {\frac{1}{2}}^{-}

and

J^{P} = {\frac{3}{2}}^{-}

. Moreover, the

Σ_{c}^{*} D^{*}

of both

J^{P} = {\frac{1}{2}}^{-}

and

J^{P} = {\frac{3}{2}}^{-}

are possible molecular pentaquarks. Moreover, in the same theoretical frame, the calculation is extended to the

P_{c}

-like molecular pentaquarks, denoted as

P_{b}

. Several hidden-bottom pentaquarks with masses above 11 GeV and narrow widths were obtained. All of these heavy pentaquarks are worth exploring in future experiments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Universe: Feature Papers 2024—High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics)

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Review

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33 pages, 2278 KiB

Open AccessReview

Axion-like Particle Effects on Photon Polarization in High-Energy Astrophysics

by Giorgio Galanti

Universe 2024, 10(8), 312; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10080312 - 30 Jul 2024

Viewed by 537

Abstract

In this review, we present a self-contained introduction to axion-like particles (ALPs) with a particular focus on their effects on photon polarization: both theoretical and phenomenological aspects are discussed. We derive the photon survival probability in the presence of photon–ALP interaction, the corresponding final photon degree of linear polarization, and the polarization angle in a wide energy interval. The presented results can be tested by current and planned missions such as IXPE (already operative), eXTP, XL-Calibur, NGXP, XPP in the X-ray band and like COSI (approved to launch), e-ASTROGAM, and AMEGO in the high-energy range. Specifically, we describe ALP-induced polarization effects on several astrophysical sources, such as galaxy clusters, blazars, and gamma-ray bursts, and we discuss their real detectability. In particular, galaxy clusters appear as very good observational targets in this respect. Moreover, in the very-high-energy (VHE) band, we discuss a peculiar ALP signature in photon polarization, in principle capable of proving the ALP existence. Unfortunately, present technologies cannot detect photon polarization up to such high energies, but the observational capability of the latter ALP signature in the VHE band could represent an interesting challenge for the future. As a matter of fact, the aim of this review is to show new ways to make progress in the physics of ALPs, thanks to their effects on photon polarization, a topic that has aroused less interest in the past, but which is now timely with the advent of many new polarimetric missions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Universe: Feature Papers 2024—High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics)

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