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Universe
Special Issues
Current Status of the Hubble Tension
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Current Status of the Hubble Tension

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "Cosmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 4558

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Giovanni Montani

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Guest Editor
1. ENEA, Fusion and Nuclear Safety Department, C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
2. Physics Department, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
Interests: primordial cosmology; quantum gravity; modified theories of gravity; plasma astrophysics; cosmological plasmas; turbulent transport in plasmas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Eleonora Di Valentino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
Interests: cosmology; gravitation; astroparticle physics; high-energy physics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nakia Carlevaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ENEA Centro Ricerche Frascati, Frascati, Italy
Interests: Multidimensonal Physics Quantum Gravity Early Cosmology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the age of precision cosmology, advancements in measuring the Hubble Tension have been remarkable. However, over the past decade, a notable disparity has arisen between the values obtained using the Planck Satellite and those predicted via Type Ia supernovae analysis from the SH0ES Collaboration. This five-sigma inconsistency, termed “Hubble Tension” has garnered significant attention due to the unexpected correlation between the Hubble constant and the redshift of the source used for its determination. Various explanations, ranging from astrophysical phenomena like redshift evolution to conjectures about new physics in the evolution of the Universe, have been proposed.

This Special Issue aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the Hubble Tension, encompassing both data analysis and theoretical models aimed towards resolving it. Central to this collection is the exploration of model testing, crucial for identifying the most promising theoretical avenues. Manuscripts in the form of letters, regular articles, and topical reviews are encouraged, covering diverse aspects of this Special Issue theme. Priority will be given to submissions addressing the physics of dark energy/dark matter interaction, modified gravity formulations, and early-universe dark energy.

Prof. Dr. Giovanni Montani
Dr. Eleonora Di Valentino
Dr. Nakia Carlevaro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Hubble tension
  • dark matter
  • dark energy
  • dark matter/dark energy interaction
  • quintessence
  • late universe physics
  • cosmology from modified gravity
  • early universe dark energy
  • model testing
  • data analysis

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 467 KiB  
Article
A Hubble Constant Determination Through Quasar Time Delays and Type Ia Supernovae
by Leonardo R. Colaço
Universe 2025, 11(3), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11030089 - 7 Mar 2025
Viewed by 425
Abstract
This paper presents a new model-independent constraint on the Hubble constant (H0) by anchoring relative distances from Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observations to absolute distance measurements from time-delay strong Gravitational Lensing (SGL) systems. The approach only uses the validity [...] Read more.
This paper presents a new model-independent constraint on the Hubble constant (H0) by anchoring relative distances from Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observations to absolute distance measurements from time-delay strong Gravitational Lensing (SGL) systems. The approach only uses the validity of the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) to derive constraints on H0. By using Gaussian Process (GP) regression to reconstruct the unanchored luminosity distance from the Pantheon+ compilation to match the time-delay angular diameter distance at the redshift of the lenses, one yields a value of H0=75.57±4.415 km/s/Mpc at a 68% confidence level. The result aligns well with the local estimate from Cepheid variables within the 1σ confidence region, indicating consistency with late-universe probes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Status of the Hubble Tension)
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24 pages, 2185 KiB  
Article
2D BAO vs. 3D BAO: Solving the Hubble Tension with Bimetric Cosmology
by Sowmaydeep Dwivedi and Marcus Högås
Universe 2024, 10(11), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10110406 - 28 Oct 2024
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 1108
Abstract
Ordinary 3D Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data are model-dependent, requiring the assumption of a cosmological model to calculate comoving distances during data reduction. Throughout the present-day literature, the assumed model is ΛCDM. However, it has been pointed out in several recent works [...] Read more.
Ordinary 3D Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data are model-dependent, requiring the assumption of a cosmological model to calculate comoving distances during data reduction. Throughout the present-day literature, the assumed model is ΛCDM. However, it has been pointed out in several recent works that this assumption can be inadequate when analyzing alternative cosmologies, potentially biasing the Hubble constant (H0) low, thus contributing to the Hubble tension. To address this issue, 3D BAO data can be replaced with 2D BAO data, which are only weakly model-dependent. The impact of using 2D BAO data, in combination with alternative cosmological models beyond ΛCDM, has been explored for several phenomenological models, showing a promising reduction in the Hubble tension. In this work, we accommodate these models in the theoretically robust framework of bimetric gravity. This is a modified theory of gravity that exhibits a transition from a (possibly) negative cosmological constant in the early universe to a positive one in the late universe. By combining 2D BAO data with cosmic microwave background and type Ia supernovae data, we find that the inverse distance ladder in this theory yields a Hubble constant of H0=(71.0±0.9)km/s/Mpc, consistent with the SH0ES local distance ladder measurement of H0=(73.0±1.0)km/s/Mpc. Replacing 2D BAO with 3D BAO results in H0=(68.6±0.5)km/s/Mpc from the inverse distance ladder. We conclude that the choice of BAO data significantly impacts the Hubble tension, with ordinary 3D BAO data exacerbating the tension, while 2D BAO data provide results consistent with the local distance ladder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Status of the Hubble Tension)
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14 pages, 305 KiB  
Article
Gravitational Particle Production and the Hubble Tension
by Recai Erdem
Universe 2024, 10(9), 338; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10090338 - 23 Aug 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 944
Abstract
The effect of gravitational particle production of scalar particles on the total effective cosmic energy density (in the era after photon decoupling till the present) is considered. The effect is significant for heavy particles. It is found that gravitational particle production results in [...] Read more.
The effect of gravitational particle production of scalar particles on the total effective cosmic energy density (in the era after photon decoupling till the present) is considered. The effect is significant for heavy particles. It is found that gravitational particle production results in an effective increase in the directly measured value of the Hubble constant H0, while it does not affect the value of the Hubble constant in the calculation of the number density of baryons at the present time that is used to calculate recombination redshift. This may explain why the Hubble constants determined by local measurements and non-local measurements (such as CMB) are different. This suggests that gravitational particle production may have a non-negligible impact on H0 tension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Status of the Hubble Tension)
25 pages, 472 KiB  
Article
ΛCDM Tensions: Localising Missing Physics through Consistency Checks
by Özgür Akarsu, Eoin Ó Colgáin, Anjan A. Sen and M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari
Universe 2024, 10(8), 305; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10080305 - 23 Jul 2024
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 1154
Abstract
ΛCDM tensions are by definition model-dependent; one sees anomalies through the prism of ΛCDM. Thus, progress towards tension resolution necessitates checking the consistency of the ΛCDM model to localise missing physics either in redshift or scale. Since the universe is [...] Read more.
ΛCDM tensions are by definition model-dependent; one sees anomalies through the prism of ΛCDM. Thus, progress towards tension resolution necessitates checking the consistency of the ΛCDM model to localise missing physics either in redshift or scale. Since the universe is dynamical and redshift is a proxy for time, it is imperative to first perform consistency checks involving redshift, then consistency checks involving scale as the next steps to settle the “systematics versus new physics” debate and foster informed model building. We present a review of the hierarchy of assumptions underlying the ΛCDM cosmological model and comment on whether relaxing them can address the tensions. We focus on the lowest lying fruit of identifying missing physics through the identification of redshift-dependent ΛCDM model fitting parameters. We highlight the recent progress made on S8:=σ8Ωm/0.3 tension and elucidate how similar progress can be made on H0 tension. Our discussions indicate that H0 tension, equivalently a redshift-dependent H0, and a redshift-dependent S8 imply a problem with the background ΛCDM cosmology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Status of the Hubble Tension)
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