Gravitational Waves

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "Gravitation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2021) | Viewed by 2500

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
Interests: gravitational waves; conformal field equations and asymptotic structure; initial boundary value problems for Einstein's field equations

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Undoubtedly, the first detection of gravitational waves on 14 September 2015 was a momentous achievement in science. It is rare that a theoretical prediction takes more than a century to be rejected or confirmed. In the case of gravitational waves, this shows not only the power of the theory but also the tremendous advances in technology that had to occur to make this happen. Since the first event was detected, the fields of gravitational physics, astronomy, and astrophysics have gained considerable momentum, not least due to the new window that has opened up to explore the universe in hitherto unknown ways.

The phenomenon of gravitational waves has always been a driving force in the efforts to explore and understand the theoretical and mathematical foundations of Einstein's theory of gravitation and in the development of new experimental techniques. They have also been a strong motivation for the creation of modern computational methods for solving Einstein's equations. Yet, we are still left with questions: how do we describe gravitational waves and the energy-momentum they carry in cosmological space-times? What is their role in the very early universe? How do we model concrete sources for them? How do we compute their emission from sources? How do we accurately numerically model the asymptotic region where they manifest themselves? Do we need to improve or redesign our detectors?

Thus, gravitational waves are central to current developments in gravitational physics. The attempt to understand them draws from many different sources, ranging from purely mathematical works to computational simulations to experiments and observations. Therefore, it is very timely to devote a Special Issue of Universe to the topic of gravitational waves.

We invite colleagues to submit papers on the following topics:

  • Mathematical issues of gravitational waves
  • Asymptotic structure of space-time
  • Gravitational waves in cosmological space-times
  • Gravitational waves in the early universe
  • Sources for gravitational waves
  • Computational and approximation methods in gravitational wave physics
  • New developments in gravitational wave detection

Prof. Dr. Jörg Frauendiener
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Gravitational waves in cosmology
  • Gravitational wave background
  • Gravitational wave sources
  • Compact binaries
  • Gravitational wave propagation
  • Gravitational wave detection
  • Approximation methods
  • Numerical methods for Einstein's equations
  • Asymptotic properties of space-times

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 4050 KiB  
Article
Can Gravitational Waves Halt the Expansion of the Universe?
by Jörg Frauendiener, Jonathan Hakata and Chris Stevens
Universe 2021, 7(7), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7070228 - 05 Jul 2021
Viewed by 2130
Abstract
We numerically investigate the propagation of plane gravitational waves in the form of an initial boundary value problem with de Sitter initial data. The full non-linear Einstein equations with positive cosmological constant λ are written in the Friedrich–Nagy gauge which yields a wellposed [...] Read more.
We numerically investigate the propagation of plane gravitational waves in the form of an initial boundary value problem with de Sitter initial data. The full non-linear Einstein equations with positive cosmological constant λ are written in the Friedrich–Nagy gauge which yields a wellposed system. The propagation of a single wave and the collision of two with colinear polarization are studied and contrasted with their Minkowskian analogues. Unlike with λ=0, critical behaviours are found with λ>0 and are based on the relationship between the wave profile and λ. We find that choosing boundary data close to one of these bifurcations results in a “false” steady state which violates the constraints. Simulations containing (approximate) impulsive wave profiles are run and general features are discussed. Analytic results of Tsamis and Woodard, which describe how gravitational waves could affect an expansion rate at an initial instance of time, are explored and generalized to the entire space–time. Finally we put forward boundary conditions that, at least locally, slow down the expansion considerably for a time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gravitational Waves)
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