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Universe
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Modified Gravity and Dark Energy Theories
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Modified Gravity and Dark Energy Theories

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "Gravitation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2025) | Viewed by 3501

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Changjun Gao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
Interests: general relativity; exact solutions of Einstein equations; dark energy theories; gravity theories beyond general relativity; black; hole solutions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the past two decades, tremendous experimental and theoretical progress has been made, deepening our understanding of cosmic acceleration, but not solving its riddle. In cosmology, a widely used classification among physical models for acceleration distinguishes between dark energy and modified gravity. In this Special Issue, we will publish a thoroughly comprehensive survey of recent works on dark energy studies and modified theories of gravity and their astrophysical, gravitational, and cosmological consequence, as well as their phenomenology and characteristic observable signatures. The papers will cover dark energy models, all kinds of modified gravities, cosmic observational, gravitational, or theoretical constraints, black hole and stellar solutions in modified gravities, and so on.

Dr. Changjun Gao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dark energy
  • modified gravity theories
  • black hole solutions
  • exact solutions
  • black hole thermodynamics
  • nature of spacetime
  • black hole physics
  • gravitational waves in modified gravity theories

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

15 pages, 1215 KB  
Communication
Agegraphic Dark Energy from Entropy of the Anti-de Sitter Black Hole
by Qihong Huang, Yang Liu and He Huang
Universe 2025, 11(10), 336; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11100336 - 10 Oct 2025
Viewed by 495
Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the agegraphic dark energy from the entropy of the anti-de Sitter black hole using the age of the universe as the IR cutoff. We constrain its parameter with the Pantheon+ Type Ia supernova sample and observational Hubble parameter [...] Read more.
In this paper, we analyze the agegraphic dark energy from the entropy of the anti-de Sitter black hole using the age of the universe as the IR cutoff. We constrain its parameter with the Pantheon+ Type Ia supernova sample and observational Hubble parameter data, finding that the Akaike Information Criterion cannot effectively distinguish this model from the standard ΛCDM model. The present value of Hubble constant H0 and the model parameter b2 are constrained to H0=67.7±1.8 and b2=0.303−0.024+0.019. This model realizes the whole evolution of the universe, including the late-time accelerated expansion. Although it asymptotically approaches the standard ΛCDM model in the future, statefinder analysis shows that late-time deviations allow the two models to be distinguished. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modified Gravity and Dark Energy Theories)
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10 pages, 230 KB  
Article
A Small Cosmological Constant from a Large Number of Extra Dimensions
by Changjun Gao
Universe 2025, 11(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11020046 - 1 Feb 2025
Viewed by 997
Abstract
In this article, we consider the 4 + n dimensional spacetimes among which one is the four dimensional physical Universe and the other is an n-dimensional sphere with constant radius in the framework of Lanczos-Lovelock gravity. We find that the curvature of extra [...] Read more.
In this article, we consider the 4 + n dimensional spacetimes among which one is the four dimensional physical Universe and the other is an n-dimensional sphere with constant radius in the framework of Lanczos-Lovelock gravity. We find that the curvature of extra dimensional sphere contributes a huge but negative energy density provided that its radius is sufficiently small, such as the scale of Planck length. Therefore, the huge positive vacuum energy, i.e., the large positive cosmological constant is exactly cancelled out by the curvature of extra sphere. In the mean time the higher order of Lanczos-Lovelock term contributes an observations-allowed small cosmological constant if the number of extra dimensions is sufficiently large, such as n ≈ 69. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modified Gravity and Dark Energy Theories)

Review

Jump to: Research

46 pages, 694 KB  
Review
The Two-Measure Theory and an Overview of Some of Its Manifestations
by Alexander B. Kaganovich
Universe 2025, 11(11), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11110376 - 13 Nov 2025
Viewed by 290
Abstract
The Two-Measure Theory (TMT) has been developing since 1998 and has yielded a number of highly interesting results, including those not realized in traditional field theory models. The most important advantage of TMT as an alternative theory is that, under the conditions under [...] Read more.
The Two-Measure Theory (TMT) has been developing since 1998 and has yielded a number of highly interesting results, including those not realized in traditional field theory models. The most important advantage of TMT as an alternative theory is that, under the conditions under which all classical tests of general relativity are performed, TMT models are able to accurately reproduce Einstein’s general relativity. Despite this, TMT is still often perceived as something too exotic to be relevant to reality. In fact, the fundamental idea underlying TMT seems undeniable: if we truly believe in the effectiveness of mathematics in studying nature, we must agree that there must be a correspondence between the fundamental laws of nature and the structure of the mathematical apparatus necessary to adequately describe them. It then turns out that there is no reason to ignore the volume measure existing on the differentiable manifold on which the theory of gravity and matter fields is built. This idea has far-reaching implications. The goals of this paper are (1) to provide a clear mathematical and conceptual justification for TMT and (2) to collect in a single article some of the main results of TMT obtained over the past 25 years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modified Gravity and Dark Energy Theories)
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43 pages, 520 KB  
Review
Polynomial Affine Model of Gravity: After 10 Years
by Oscar Castillo-Felisola, Bastian Grez, Manuel Morocho-López, Jose Perdiguero, Aureliano Skirzewski, Jefferson Vaca-Santana and Nicolas Zambra-Gómez
Universe 2025, 11(3), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11030102 - 18 Mar 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 847
Abstract
The polynomial affine model of gravity was proposed as an alternative to metric and metric-affine gravitational models. What, in the beginning, was thought to be a source of unpredictability—the presence of many terms in the action—turned out to be a milestone since it [...] Read more.
The polynomial affine model of gravity was proposed as an alternative to metric and metric-affine gravitational models. What, in the beginning, was thought to be a source of unpredictability—the presence of many terms in the action—turned out to be a milestone since it contains all possible combinations of the fields compatible with the covariance under diffeomorphisms. Here, we present a review of the advances in the analysis of the model after 10 years of its proposal and sketch the guidelines for our future perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modified Gravity and Dark Energy Theories)
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