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Gamma-Ray Bursts: Unveiling the Mysteries of the Universe’s Most Powerful...
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Gamma-Ray Bursts: Unveiling the Mysteries of the Universe’s Most Powerful Explosions

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "Space Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 725

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yongfeng Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Interests: high-energy astrophysics; gamma-ray bursts; neutron stars; fast radio bursts; strange quark stars
Prof. Dr. He Gao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Interests: gamma-ray bursts; fast radio bursts; gravitational wave electromagnetic counterparts
Prof. Dr. Liang Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Fundamental Physics and Quantum Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Interests: gamma-ray bursts; fast radio bursts; gravitational waves; deep learning
Dr. Jinjun Geng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
Interests: fast radio bursts; gamma-ray bursts; black holes; neutron stars

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most violent explosive phenomena in the universe, releasing enormous amounts of energy in gamma-rays in a very short time period. Since their first detection by the Vela satellites in 1967, GRBs have long been a central topic of research in high-energy astrophysics. The discovery of GRB afterglows in 1997 and subsequent multiwavelength/multi-messenger observations have led to rapid progress in the field. Although a basic picture has been established for both long and short GRBs, many issues still remain unsolved, including the classification of GRBs, the connection with star formation rate, the composition and launching mechanism of ultra-relativistic outflows, the event rates at all redshift ranges, the usage of GRBs in cosmology, multiwavelength properties, central engines and their prolonged activities, the connection between GRBs and other transients such as supernovae and gravitational wave bursts and fast radio bursts, and radiation mechanisms in the prompt burst phase and at the afterglow stage. 

In this Special Issue entitled “Gamma-Ray Bursts: Unveiling the Mysteries of the Universe’s Most Powerful Explosions”, we will collect high-quality contributions from all over the world involving various unsolved aspects of GRBs, including observational and theoretical progress, as well as the development of instrumentation techniques. Both research papers and review articles are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Yongfeng Huang
Prof. Dr. He Gao
Prof. Dr. Liang Li
Dr. Jinjun Geng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts
  • afterglow of gamma-ray bursts
  • classification of gamma-ray bursts
  • beaming effects in gamma-ray bursts
  • central engines of gamma-ray bursts and their prolonged activities
  • radiation mechanisms of gamma-ray bursts
  • host galaxies of gamma-ray bursts
  • cosmological application of gamma-ray bursts
  • multiwavelength and multi-messenger aspects of gamma-ray bursts
  • instrumentation for gamma-ray bursts

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 793 KiB  
Communication
Gamma-Ray Bursts Calibrated by Using Artificial Neural Networks from the Pantheon+ Sample
by Zhen Huang, Xin Luo, Bin Zhang, Jianchao Feng, Puxun Wu, Yu Liu and Nan Liang
Universe 2025, 11(8), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11080241 - 23 Jul 2025
Abstract
In this paper, we calibrate the luminosity relation of gamma−ray bursts (GRBs) by employing artificial neural networks (ANNs) to analyze the Pantheon+ sample of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in a manner independent of cosmological assumptions. The A219 GRB dataset is used to [...] Read more.
In this paper, we calibrate the luminosity relation of gamma−ray bursts (GRBs) by employing artificial neural networks (ANNs) to analyze the Pantheon+ sample of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in a manner independent of cosmological assumptions. The A219 GRB dataset is used to calibrate the Amati relation (Ep-Eiso) at low redshift with the ANN framework, facilitating the construction of the Hubble diagram at higher redshifts. Cosmological models are constrained with GRBs at high redshift and the latest observational Hubble data (OHD) via the Markov chain Monte Carlo numerical approach. For the Chevallier−Polarski−Linder (CPL) model within a flat universe, we obtain Ωm=0.321−0.069+0.078, h=0.654−0.071+0.053, w0=−1.02−0.50+0.67, and wa=−0.98−0.58+0.58 at the 1 −σ confidence level, which indicates a preference for dark energy with potential redshift evolution (wa≠0). These findings using ANNs align closely with those derived from GRBs calibrated using Gaussian processes (GPs). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gamma-Ray Bursts: Unveiling the Mysteries of the Universe’s Most Powerful Explosions)
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9 pages, 453 KiB  
Article
Constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation from Gamma-Ray Burst Rest-Frame Spectral Lags Using Profile Likelihood
by Vyaas Ramakrishnan and Shantanu Desai
Universe 2025, 11(6), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11060183 - 6 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 517
Abstract
We reanalyze the spectral lag data for 56 Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) in the cosmological rest frame to search for Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) using frequentist inference. For this purpose, we use the technique of profile likelihood to deal with the nuisance parameters, corresponding [...] Read more.
We reanalyze the spectral lag data for 56 Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) in the cosmological rest frame to search for Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) using frequentist inference. For this purpose, we use the technique of profile likelihood to deal with the nuisance parameters, corresponding to a constant time lag in the GRB rest frame and an unknown intrinsic scatter, while the parameter of interest is the energy scale for LIV (EQG). With this method, we do not obtain a global minimum for χ2 as a function of EQG up to the Planck scale. Thus, we can obtain one-sided lower limits on EQG in a seamless manner. Therefore, the 95% c.l. lower limits which we thus obtain on EQG are then given by EQG≥2.07×1014 GeV and EQG≥3.71×105 GeV, for linear and quadratic LIV, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gamma-Ray Bursts: Unveiling the Mysteries of the Universe’s Most Powerful Explosions)
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