Objective Comparison of Achievement Motivation and Competitiveness among Semi-Professional Male and Female Football Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Instrumentation
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gender | Mean ± SD | Dif Mean | t | p | 95%ICC | d Cohen | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Motivation through competition | Male | 5.05 ± 0.94 | 2.92 ± 2.69 | 2.41 | 0.021 | −2.55; 8.40 | 0.99 |
Female | 3.31 ± 2.30 | ||||||
Total | 4.54 ± 2.14 | ||||||
Aspiration level | Male | 3.05 ± 2.09 | 0.82 ± 0.75 | 1.091 | 0.283 | −0.71; 2.35 | 0.39 |
Female | 2.22 ± 2.15 | ||||||
Total | 2.81 ± 2.11 | ||||||
Motivation through personal goals | Male | 0.06 ± 3.54 | 0.17 ± 1.33 | 0.131 | 0.897 | −2.53; 2.88 | 0.04 |
Female | −0.11 ± 4.18 | ||||||
Total | 0.01 ± 3.68 | ||||||
Self-reported competitiveness | Male | 1.21 ± 0.46 | 0.45 ± 0.18 | 2.44 | 0.020 | 0.07; 0.82 | 0.82 |
Female | 0.76 ± 0.62 | ||||||
Total | 1.08 ± 0.54 |
Motivation through Competition | Aspiration Level | Motivation through Personal Goals | Self-Reported Competitiveness | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sport performance | Male | r = −0.010; p = 0.963 | r = −0.175; p = 0.436 | r = −0.061; p = 0.788 | r = 0.074; p = 0.743 |
Female | r = −0.345; p = 0.328 | r = −0.121; p = 0.738 | r = −0.172; p = 0.635 | r = −0.038; p = 0.916 | |
Total | r = 0.096; p = 0.600 | r = −0.065; p = 0.722 | r = −0.049; p = 0.790 | r = 0.138; p = 0.453 |
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de la Vega, R.; Gómez, J.; Vaquero-Cristobal, R.; Horcajo, J.; Abenza-Cano, L. Objective Comparison of Achievement Motivation and Competitiveness among Semi-Professional Male and Female Football Players. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5258. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095258
de la Vega R, Gómez J, Vaquero-Cristobal R, Horcajo J, Abenza-Cano L. Objective Comparison of Achievement Motivation and Competitiveness among Semi-Professional Male and Female Football Players. Sustainability. 2022; 14(9):5258. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095258
Chicago/Turabian Stylede la Vega, Ricardo, Jorge Gómez, Raquel Vaquero-Cristobal, Javier Horcajo, and Lucía Abenza-Cano. 2022. "Objective Comparison of Achievement Motivation and Competitiveness among Semi-Professional Male and Female Football Players" Sustainability 14, no. 9: 5258. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095258