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Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Hazards and Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2023) | Viewed by 15930

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kai Wei

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Guest Editor

Department of Bridge Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
Interests: bridge engineering; bridge hydrodynamics; nonlinear structural analysis; fluid–structure interaction; risk assessment of coastal hazards
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Mingjin Zhang

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Guest Editor

Department of Bridge Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
Interests: wind characteristics measurement; numerical simulation; wind tunnel test wind-induced vibration of the bridge; etc.

Dr. Jian Zhong

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Guest Editor

College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
Interests: bridge engineering; earthquake engineering; risk; resilience; near-fault ground motions; spatially variable seismic effects
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Yutao Pang

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: seismic resilience; seismic fragility; fiber-reinforced concrete; performance-based design; data-driven and machine learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The quality of bridge structures declines over time, due to various degradation processes, such as creep, corrosion, and cyclic loading. During its life cycle, a bridge also faces great threats from multiple hazards, such as wind, earthquakes, collisions, fire, scour, floods, waves, landslides, among others. Structural damages to an existing bridge affect the operational and structural safety, and weaken the sustainability of the bridge. Therefore, advanced damage diagnosis techniques and safety assessment methods are urgently required to ensure structural safety and sustainability of bridges.

This Special Issue aims to gather manuscripts on the recent scientific developments in probabilistic hazard analysis, structural exposure models, damage diagnosis methods, testing and measurement techniques, dynamic behavior and protection technology, damage mechanism, risk assessment framework, and resilience-based approaches. It will provide important theoretical and technical support for bridge damage diagnosis and safety assessment, and promote communication and cooperation between design, construction, research, teaching, and production. This Special Issue welcomes original contributions and recent progress on the fundamental theory, research papers, and case studies on, but not limited to, the following topics:

Dynamic behavior and mechanism of bridges under multiple hazards;
New technology and methods of damage diagnosis for bridge structures;
Intelligent sensing technology for bridge health monitoring;
Risk- and resilience-based evaluation and design for bridges;
Life cycle analysis, retrofit, and rehabilitation;
Multi-disaster effect and vulnerability models;
Probabilistic, statistical, and machine learning-based method;
Structural vibration control technology and application;
Bridge collapse simulation, inversion, and accident analysis technology;
Hazard prevention and mitigation measures;
Probabilistic hazard analysis and characteristic measurements of multiple hazards.

Prof. Dr. Kai Wei
Dr. Mingjin Zhang
Dr. Jian Zhong
Dr. Yutao Pang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

bridge
damage diagnosis
structural safety
multiple hazards

Published Papers (13 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 8648 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Seismic Performance Optimization of Assembly Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular (CFST)-Laced Piers

by Liang Chen, Rui Zuo, Yingao Zhang, Dahai Yang, Jianluan Li, Zhigang Wu and Xuekai Ji

Sustainability 2023, 15(10), 8318; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108318 - 19 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 937

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the seismic behavior of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST)-laced piers; after verifying the model through engineering tests, the simplified finite element models (S-FEM) and refined ones (R-FEM) with CFST-laced piers are developed in this manuscript, respectively. Through comparison, it is found that the S-FEM can effectively improve analyzing efficiency while meeting the requirements of engineering analysis accuracy. In addition, the seismic response of assembled flange-connected CFST-laced piers bridge was studied based on the S-FEM, and different structural parameters, including pier height, axial compression ratios, steel ratios of CFST columns, steel lacing tube arrangement, and longitudinal slope, are considered to optimize the bridge design scheme. Results indicate that the parameters of 0.1 axial pressure ratios and 1:30 longitudinal slope show superior seismic performance. Meanwhile, the peak axial force and peak bending moment of CFST column limbs occur at the pier bottom, and the flanges, which are subject to larger bending moments, are generally located at the two connection positions above the pier bottom. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards)

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20 pages, 10778 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study on the Seismic Performance of a Steel Slag CFDST T-Joint

by Wuhua Zeng, Mingliang Fu, Yuezong Lian, Hai Zhong and Wei Wang

Sustainability 2023, 15(10), 7991; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15107991 - 13 May 2023

Viewed by 834

Abstract

In this paper, a kind of steel slag, concrete-filled double-skin steel tube (CFDST) T-joint is proposed to promote sustainable structural development. In order to examine the seismic performance of the steel slag CFDST T-joint, a series of hysteresis experiments were carried out on 4 CFDST T-joints with the main pipe under axial compression load and the brace pipe subjected to cyclic axial loading. The seismic performance of the CFDST T-joint was experimentally investigated in terms of the failure mode, load–displacement hysteresis relationship, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation and ductility. The effects of the hollow ratio and the steel slag concrete of the CFDST main pipe on the seismic performance of CFDST T-joint specimens were compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the failure modes of the CFDST T-joint mainly included two kinds of failure, with those being main pipe fracture and joint area compression-bending failure. The seismic performance of the joints could be improved with a 12% ultimate bearing capacity and 54% ultimate deformation capacity with the hollow ratio of the CFDST main pipe increasing from 0 to 0.5. The seismic performance of the joints could be improved with a 54% ultimate deformation capacity by filling the steel slag concrete with a 0.5 hollow ratio. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards)

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28 pages, 11438 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation Study on Sunshine Temperature Field of a Concrete Box Girder of the Cable-Stayed Bridge

by Qiusheng Wang, Jianping Xian, Jun Xiao and Shuai Zou

Sustainability 2023, 15(9), 7541; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097541 - 04 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1252

Abstract

This paper investigates the distribution of the sunshine temperature field in bridge structures. To implement thermodynamic boundary conditions on the structure under the influence of sunshine, this study utilized the FILM and DFLUX subroutines provided by ABAQUS. Based on this method, the sunshine temperature field of the concrete box girder of a cable-stayed bridge was analyzed. The results showed that the simulated temperature values were in good agreement with the measured values. The temperature difference between the internal and external surfaces of the box girder under the influence of sunshine was significant, with the maximum negative temperature difference appearing around 6:00 a.m. and the maximum positive temperature difference appearing around 2:00 p.m. The temperature gradient of the box girder section calculated by the method presented a C-shaped distribution pattern, which differs from the double-line distribution pattern specified in the current “General Specifications for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts” in China (JTG D60-2015). Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of thermal parameters using the proposed simulation method for the sunshine temperature field of the concrete box girder was conducted, and the results indicated that the solar radiation absorption coefficient had a significant impact on the temperature field. A 30% increase or decrease in the solar radiation absorption coefficient caused the maximum temperature change on the surface of the structure to exceed 10 °C. This paper provides an accurate simulation of the sunshine temperature field of the concrete box girder of a cable-stayed bridge, and the research results are significant for controlling bridge alignment and stress state during the construction period, ensuring the reasonable initial operating state of the bridge, and enhancing the sustainability of the structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards)

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14 pages, 3217 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Analytical Solution for Unsteady Aerodynamic Forces on Streamlined Box Girders with Coupled Vibration

by Lianhuo Wu, Mingjin Zhang, Fanying Jiang, Zelin Zhou and Yongle Li

Sustainability 2023, 15(9), 7312; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097312 - 27 Apr 2023

Viewed by 755

Abstract

This paper is a contribution to analyzing the aerodynamic forces on a streamlined box girder (SBG) with coupled vibration in a potential flow. The key enabling step was to assume that the normal velocity of the airflow at an arbitrary point on the surface of the SBG was equal to the normal velocity of the surface motion. The aerodynamic drag force, lift force, and pitching moment were expressed as functions of the motion state of the SBG and the SBG’s shape-related parameters. To investigate the applicability of this force model, the analytical solution at various angles of attack was compared with a numerical simulation in a viscous flow. The results imply that the amplitude of the analytical lift force and pitching moment agree well with the numerical results under the angles of attack of 0° and ±3°. Furthermore, the analytical drag force effectively predicts the second-order phenomenon resulting from the multiplication of the vertical and torsional vibration velocities. As a consequence, the present analytical solution provides an effective method for analyzing the aerodynamic forces acting on SBGs with coupled vibration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards)

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13 pages, 4385 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Numerical Method for Conformal Mapping of Closed Box Girder Bridges and Its Application

by Lianhuo Wu, Zelin Zhou, Jinxiang Zhang and Mingjin Zhang

Sustainability 2023, 15(7), 6291; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076291 - 06 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1159

Abstract

Conformal mapping has achieved many successes in engineering. It can help to solve some complex fluid flow problems. This study proposed a numerical method for conformal mapping of closed box girder bridges and applied it to flutter performance prediction, which is crucial for ensuring the safety and sustainability of bridge structures. The characteristics of conformal mapping coefficients for the closed box were investigated. Thereafter, a numerical method through searching the conformal mapping coefficients was presented. The results show that the proposed numerical method has a smaller error in the existing research. The conformal mapping of six practical bridges agrees well with the closed box girder shapes, indicating the validity of the proposed method. The flutter prediction results by the proposed method are consistent with the wind tunnel test. The conformal mapping and flutter calculations took no more than ten seconds, showing high computing efficiency. This method is easier to understand and implement without complex mathematical derivation, which is helpful for the extensive application of conformal mapping in bridge engineering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards)

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14 pages, 2580 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Collision Analysis of Transverse Stops Considering the Vertical Separation of the Main Beam and Bent Cap

by Wenjun An, Lin Zhou, Ting Fang, Yiren Wu and Qi Li

Sustainability 2023, 15(3), 2809; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032809 - 03 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 994

Abstract

In this study, a two-span continuous beam bridge is used as the model to calculate the theoretical solution of the lateral collision between the main beam and the retaining block under the vertical separation of the main beam and the bent cap, and the most unfavorable separation condition for the analysis is selected. The impact of the vertical separation of the bridge on the impact of the block is verified by calculating the lateral collision force of the block when the main beam and bent cap are separated. We calculate the changes in the vertical positions of the main beam and pier under multiple separation collision processes and select two characteristic parameters, the collision force and the collision position. According to the specifications, the impact of the structural collision caused by the separation conditions on the failure mode of the block is verified. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards)

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13 pages, 5097 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of the Transverse Deck-Roadbed Pounding on the Seismic Behaviors of the Prefabricated Frame Bridge

by Yuwei Wang, Jinli Zhang, Yingao Zhang, Rui Zuo, Liang Chen and Tianyue Sun

Sustainability 2023, 15(2), 1554; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021554 - 13 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1132

Abstract

Pounding effects on prefabricated frame bridges are not clear, which may influence seismic behaviors a lot in some cases. Prefabricated frame bridges are emerging structures designed to solve the problem of difficult land acquisition in highway expansion and reconstruction, the deck of the prefabricated frame bridge is adjacent to the original roadbed in the transverse direction, so the pounding potential exists under the earthquake ground motions. In this study, the artificial ground motions of the different seismic intensities are selected to carry out the nonlinear time history analyses, and the pounding effects on the prefabricated frame bridge are evaluated based on the pounding forces and the components’ seismic response. It is found that the pounding effects are not obvious in all cases; some energy can be dissipated in the pounding process, which is also limited to some extent. Finally, the influences of the gap distance and seismic intensity are investigated according to the parameter sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that the gap distance and the seismic intensity are the two important factors related to the pounding effects, the seismic response of the components will decrease when the pounding effects are obvious, and the transverse deformation of the deck cannot influence the stress state of the superstructure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards)

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16 pages, 4390 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Failure Mode Analysis of Bridge Pier Due to Eccentric Impact Based on Separation of Pier and Beam

by Wenjun An, Lin Zhou, Meilan Kang, Hailin Yang and Lanyan Mo

Sustainability 2023, 15(2), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021435 - 12 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1214

Abstract

By considering the near-field vertical seismic spectrum and calculating the change in vertical contact force between the main beam and the pier, the possible vertical separation contact condition of a bridge is deduced. By calculating the extreme value of the pier–beam vertical contact force and the longitudinal deformation of the pier under the structural separation, the influence of the separation on the failure of the pier is determined. Separation increases the risk of pier failure under compression, bending, and shear, and different separation times lead to different longitudinal responses from the pier, and the first failure mode is different. Therefore, it is of great significance to reasonably design bridges near faults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards)

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14 pages, 2137 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Theoretical Analysis of Ultimate Main Span Length for Arch Bridge

by Xianxiong Zhang, Zhuozhang Deng, Genshen Fang and Yaojun Ge

Sustainability 2022, 14(24), 17043; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142417043 - 19 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1787

Abstract

The advancement of construction techniques and high-performance sustainable materials enables the increase of span length for arch bridge. It is of great importance to study the theoretical ultimate span length of arch bridge. Based on the parabolic and catenary arch axes, the analytical solutions of ultimate span length of arch bridge are solved using theoretical derivation accounting for the strength, in-plane stability and out-plane stability conditions, respectively. Then, the use of high-performance concrete, reactive powder concrete and high-strength steel is considered to study the relationship between theoretical ultimate span length and rise-span ratio as well as material strength for concrete and steel arch bridges. The results show that the theoretical ultimate span length derived by catenary arch axis is smaller by about 2–6% than that obtained by parabolic arch axis, but the difference is insignificant. When the rise-span ratio is 1/5, the theoretical ultimate span length for concrete arch bridge using R200 reactive powder concrete can reach 2000 m (2161 m for catenary arch axis and 2099 m for parabolic arch axis) while the main span of steel arch bridge using Q690 high-strength steel can be longer than 2500 m (2948 m for catenary arch axis and 2865 m for parabolic arch axis). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards)

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26 pages, 6448 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Working Performance Evaluation of a Combined Survey Platform under Strong Wave and Deep-Water Conditions

by Jun Xiao, Jianping Xian, Shuai Zou, Song Li and Yongshui Zhang

Sustainability 2022, 14(21), 14360; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114360 - 02 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1025

Abstract

To meet the engineering requirements of long-distance and high-precision elevation transfer under adverse sea conditions, a new structure for a combined survey platform based on the basic principle of vibration reduction and isolation is designed in this paper. The combined survey platform uses the barrier effect of the external support system on the wave-current load to reduce the influence of the wave-current load on the internal support system and the platform, so it can maintain good performance, even in harsh sea conditions, under the premise of no collision between the internal and external support systems. The expected working performance of the structure was verified by numerical simulation, and the influence of the layout, structure size, waves, and water flow on the working performance of the structure was quantitatively analyzed. The results show that: (1) the external support system can better realize the barrier effect of the wave-current load and significantly reduce the influence of the wave-current load on the internal support system and platform; (2) for the independent combined survey platform, when the pile diameters of the internal and external support systems are 0.8 m and 1.2 m and the wall thicknesses are 11.0 mm and 12.0 mm, respectively, the period of the wave is 8.0 s, the water depth is 20.0 m, the speed of water flow is 1.0 m/s, and the wave height is 4.0 m, then the maximum variation of the vertical angle of the platform is only 19.3″; (3) for the attached combined survey platform, the lateral stiffness of the external support system is increased and the displacement of the external support system is significantly reduced because the external support system is connected with the cushion cap through the attachments; therefore, the structure size of the survey platform can be greatly reduced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards)

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15 pages, 5920 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Elevation Survey Method of Sea-Crossing Bridge under Adverse Conditions

by Jun Xiao, Jianping Xian, Song Li and Shuai Zou

Sustainability 2022, 14(18), 11641; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811641 - 16 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1066

Abstract

Aiming to survey scenarios of offshore projects with difficult horizontal elevation transmission and long-distance, all-weather elevation monitoring operations, a long-distance, total station, trigonometric leveling based on dynamic compensation is proposed. The feasibility of this method was verified by an outdoor survey experiment, and the range of transverse coverage and accuracy reached by this method was quantitatively analyzed. The results indicate that this method shows a good correction effect on the survey results of test points under different environmental conditions, which proves that this method is feasible. The correction effect of this method is affected by the distance between the test point and the datum point; within the range of 60 m horizontally from the datum point, an assurance rate of about 90% can be achieved for the error range of 20 mm. Combining with the built-in ATR (Automatic Target Recognition) technology of the total station, this method can make the elevation survey result reach the accuracy of millimeter level under the range of about 1000 m, by obtaining multiple groups of data and then calculating the mean value. This paper provides a new method for the elevation transfer of sea-crossing bridges under long-distance conditions and harsh environmental conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards)

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15 pages, 3011 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Load-Bearing Performance and Safety Assessment of Grid Pile Foundation

by Rui Tang, Yongyi Wang, Weili Zhang and Yuyong Jiao

Sustainability 2022, 14(15), 9477; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159477 - 02 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1386

Abstract

Group piles with cushion caps are a common structural form for deep-water bridge foundations. However, their application is limited by the challenges of complex construction, difficult recovery of the supporting large-scale temporary structure, and high engineering expenses. Therefore, we propose a new foundation form—grid pile foundation (GPF)—to improve the sustainability and reliability of foundations. In this study, the finite element software ABAQUS was used to investigate the mechanical properties and dimensional effects of the GPF. Subsequently, the Monte Carlo method was adopted to evaluate the safety under different geological conditions. The results demonstrated that along the depth, the inner frictional resistance of the GPF exhibits an exponential distribution, whereas the outer frictional resistance exhibits an approximate triangular distribution. In addition, the change in pile size has a non-negligible effect on the load-bearing capacity of the GPF. For the same work amount, the smaller pile and side lengths promoted the inner frictional resistance exertion of the GPF. Furthermore, the safety and reliability analysis suggested that the GPF proposed in this study can be used safely under complex geological conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards)

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20 pages, 9162 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanical Behavior of Refined SCC with High Admixture of Hybrid Micro- and Ordinary Steel Fibers

by Qingguo Yang, Nan Ru, Xuefeng He and Yi Peng

Sustainability 2022, 14(9), 5637; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095637 - 07 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1273

Abstract

The addition of steel fiber to self-consolidating concrete (SCC) may considerably prolong concrete cracking time and improve its deforming performance. Current studies mainly apply high content micro-steel fibers to improve the mechanical performance of SCC whilst assuring its workability, however, there are still very few studies concerning the influence of a mixture of a high content of micro-steel fibers with ordinary steel fibers on the performance of SCC. Thus, this paper conducted experimental studies on micro-steel fiber and ordinary-sized steel fiber hybrid reinforced self-consolidating concrete (MOSCC). Plain self-consolidating concrete (PSCC), micro-steel fiber reinforced self-consolidating concrete (MSCC), and ordinary-sized steel fiber reinforced self-consolidating concrete (OSCC) are proposed for comparison with MOSCC in respects of workability and mechanical performance. Test results show that the hybrid micro-steel fiber and ordinary steel fiber highly enhance the compressive strength, flexural strength, and ductility of SCC as well as maintaining its workability. This paper provides reference to the improvement of the mechanical performance of SCC material and the enhancement of crack resistance of concrete structures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards)

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