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29 pages, 8947 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cultural Heritage and Lacustrine Landscape Conservation: The Case of “Procession of The Wise Men” in Cajititlán, Jalisco

by David Fabricio Alvarado-Ramírez, Pedro Lina Manjarrez, José Teodoro Silva García, Gustavo Cruz-Cárdenas and Paloma Gallegos Tejeda

Sustainability 2025, 17(13), 6047; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17136047 - 2 Jul 2025

Viewed by 434

Abstract

Although lagoons are sites of water accumulation and runoff where a variety of animal species and plant varieties inhabit, they have also been positioned as spaces where rituals and religious practices take place, from which the transmission of knowledge emanates, and social activities [...] Read more.

Although lagoons are sites of water accumulation and runoff where a variety of animal species and plant varieties inhabit, they have also been positioned as spaces where rituals and religious practices take place, from which the transmission of knowledge emanates, and social activities are strengthened. The Laguna de Cajititlán (Cajititlán Lagoon) in the town of Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, México is a lacustrine landscape that faces a state of fragility due to incessant processes of urbanization along with basin desiccation and wastewater pollution. However, the community of Cajititlán has managed to protect its lacustrine landscape through the rescue of the religious tradition of the Procesión Los Santos Reyes (Procession of the Wise Men). Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyze how this tradition, as cultural heritage, has influenced the conservation of the lacustrine landscape. We conclude that cultural heritage and the lacustrine landscape are bidirectionally correlated because fostering Indigenous traditions like the Procesión in Cajititlán, as a manifestation of devotion and faith, enhances identity, promotes tourism, and supports conservation practices and the sustainability of the lacustrine landscape. At the same time, conservation of the lacustrine landscape enables the preservation of cultural heritage, generating an interdependent relationship between these elements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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26 pages, 10038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Community Engagement and Heritage Awareness for the Sustainable Management of Rural and Coastal Archaeological Heritage Sites: The Case of Magarsus (Karataş, Turkey)

by Fatma Seda Cardak

Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5302; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125302 - 8 Jun 2025

Viewed by 806

Abstract

The sustainable preservation of archeological heritage located in rural and coastal regions requires more than technical interventions; it necessitates the awareness and active participation of local communities. However, community involvement in heritage management in such areas remains limited. This study aims to analyze [...] Read more.

The sustainable preservation of archeological heritage located in rural and coastal regions requires more than technical interventions; it necessitates the awareness and active participation of local communities. However, community involvement in heritage management in such areas remains limited. This study aims to analyze the levels of cultural heritage awareness, conservation tendencies, and tourism-related expectations among local residents and visitors in the Magarsus Archeological Area, located in the Karataş district on the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The study was conducted in three phases: a literature review, field observations, and a structured survey conducted between June and August 2022 with 510 participants (280 local residents and 230 domestic visitors from surrounding provinces). The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 through descriptive statistical methods, complemented by cross-tabulation and chi-square analysis to identify patterns across demographic variables. The survey results not only reflect general perceptions about heritage and tourism but also offer critical insights into how the rural and coastal character of the site shapes conservation attitudes and tourism behavior. The findings reveal nuanced perceptions, including strong symbolic appreciation for heritage and general openness to tourism, alongside concerns about cultural and environmental risks. While the local community prioritizes the potential for economic benefit, many participants also emphasized the importance of safeguarding local traditions, crafts, and culinary heritage. Nevertheless, concerns were expressed regarding the risks posed by uncontrolled tourism, including environmental degradation, erosion of cultural identity, and the commodification of heritage values. Based on these insights, the study introduces a governance approach built upon three interlinked pillars: community-based participation, environmental sustainability, and tourism practices aligned with cultural values. The proposed approach aims to support the inclusive and sustainable management of Magarsus and other rural and coastal archeological landscapes with similar characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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25 pages, 5856 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Driving Mechanisms of Cultural Heritage Distribution Along the Jiangnan Canal, China

by Runmo Liu, Dan Meng, Ming Wang, Huili Gong and Xiaojuan Li

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5026; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115026 - 30 May 2025

Viewed by 646

Abstract

As a crucial component of the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal’s hydraulic engineering, the Jiangnan Canal has historically played a pivotal role in China’s development as a key hydraulic infrastructure. This water conservancy project, connecting northern and southern water systems, not only facilitated regional economic [...] Read more.

As a crucial component of the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal’s hydraulic engineering, the Jiangnan Canal has historically played a pivotal role in China’s development as a key hydraulic infrastructure. This water conservancy project, connecting northern and southern water systems, not only facilitated regional economic integration but also nurtured unique cultural landscapes along its course. The Jiangnan Canal and its adjacent cities were selected as the study area to systematically investigate 334 tangible cultural heritage (TCH) sites and 420 intangible cultural heritage (ICH) elements. Through integrated Geographical Information System (GIS) spatial analyses—encompassing nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, standard deviation ellipse assessment, multi-ring buffer zoning, and Geodetector modeling, the spatiotemporal distribution features of cultural heritage were quantitatively characterized, with a focus on identifying the underlying driving factors shaping its spatial configuration. The analysis yields four main findings: (1) both TCH and ICH exhibit significant spatial clustering patterns across historical periods, with TCH distribution displaying an axis-core structure centered on the canal, whereas ICH evolved from dispersed to clustered configurations. (2) The center of gravity of TCH is primarily around Taihu Lake, while that of ICH is mainly on the south side of Taihu Lake, and the direction of distribution of both is consistent with the direction of the canal. (3) Multi-ring buffer analysis indicates that 77.2% of TCH and 49.8% of ICH clusters are concentrated within 0–10 km of the canal, demonstrating distinct spatial patterns: TCH exhibits a gradual canal-dependent density decrease with distance, whereas ICH reveals multifactorial spatial dynamics. (4) Human activity factors, particularly nighttime light intensity, are identified as predominant drivers of heritage distribution patterns, with natural environmental factors exerting comparatively weaker influence. These findings provide empirical support for developing differentiated conservation strategies for canal-related cultural heritage. The methodology offers replicable frameworks for analyzing heritage corridors in complex historical landscapes, contributing to both applied conservation practices and theoretical advancements in cultural geography. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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20 pages, 1467 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Circular Economy in Chinese Heritage Conservation: Upcycling Waste Materials for Sustainable Restoration and Cultural Narrative Revitalization

by Wei Cao, Yaqi Zhang and Jian Liu

Sustainability 2025, 17(8), 3442; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083442 - 12 Apr 2025

Viewed by 626

Abstract

Material depletion, environmental degradation, and cultural revitalization pose significant challenges to heritage conservation in China. Within the context of heritage restoration, the principles of the circular economy (CE)—including R1 (Reduce), R2 (Reuse), and R3 (Recycle)—can provide a structured framework for sustainable interventions. By [...] Read more.

Material depletion, environmental degradation, and cultural revitalization pose significant challenges to heritage conservation in China. Within the context of heritage restoration, the principles of the circular economy (CE)—including R1 (Reduce), R2 (Reuse), and R3 (Recycle)—can provide a structured framework for sustainable interventions. By prioritizing resource efficiency, minimizing waste generation, and repurposing materials, CE strategies support the preservation of cultural heritage while mitigating environmental impact. This study explores the role of waste material upcycling in sustainable heritage conservation (SHC) in tandem with the revitalization of cultural narratives. This study examines the core factors affecting sustainable restoration practice through the lens of the circular economy theory and sustainable heritage conservation theory. The research design adopts mixed methods whereby quantitative web surveys are conducted among practitioners of conservation and complemented with qualitative case studies from CE-based intervention restoration projects in China. The study identifies five independent variables—upcycling of waste materials, resource efficiency, stakeholder engagement, economic viability, and cultural narrative revitalization—with sustainability-driven innovation acting as a mediating factor. Preliminary findings indicate that upcycling enhances material longevity and minimizes restoration expenses while promoting social acceptance of circular practices through stakeholder engagement. Revitalizing cultural narratives enhances historical continuity while preserving intangible heritage. The results indicate that CE-based interventions positively influenced SHC, with sustainability-driven innovation as a mediator. With this, it was concluded that introducing circular economy principles in heritage conservation would promote environmental sustainability, economic viability, and culture-building resilience. Policy recommendations include incentivizing upcycling technologies, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, and embedding CE principles in national heritage policies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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28 pages, 21520 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perception of Authenticity of a UNESCO Heritage Site: New Infill Design and Integrity Protection in the Old Town of Ohrid, North Macedonia

by Aleksandar Milojković, Uroš Antić, Ana Stanojević, Ljiljana Jevremović, Marko Nikolić, Isidora Đorđević and Milan Brzaković

Sustainability 2025, 17(5), 2067; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052067 - 27 Feb 2025

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1502

Abstract

The UNESCO world heritage site of the old town of Ohrid represents a unique spatial and historical area of the Balkan peninsula. Over time, it has changed due to new construction caused by social challenges and mass tourism, damaging its authentic value. This [...] Read more.

The UNESCO world heritage site of the old town of Ohrid represents a unique spatial and historical area of the Balkan peninsula. Over time, it has changed due to new construction caused by social challenges and mass tourism, damaging its authentic value. This research examines the issue of new infill design from the perspective of preserving the authenticity of Ohrid’s built heritage. Some new additions have arisen in the period of absence and/or inadequate application of the legislative protective framework, while others reflect a historical replication approach encouraged by official construction guidelines. The study aims to verify whether this legally accepted approach suits the area. The research relies on field study and questionnaire survey analysis regarding the perception of authenticity among the local community, non-Ohrid residents, and architecture and urban planning experts. The field study shows that fostering historical replication has led to low-quality imitations of inherited aesthetics. This trend prevents modern reflection of contemporary architectural design and has created fake historical continuity. The survey results indicate a different opinion on this issue, with variations based on profession and living place. The research outcomes create an opportunity for further education within the local community and dialogue regarding preserving Ohrid’s heritage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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26 pages, 93658 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Digital Innovation for Regional Museums Through Cost-Effective Digital Reconstruction and Exhibition Co-Design: A Case Study of the Ryushi Memorial Museum

by Yaotian Ai, Xinru Zhu and Kayoko Nohara

Sustainability 2025, 17(4), 1598; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041598 - 14 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1910

Abstract

While national museums focus on broader national narratives, regional museums function as vital community hubs, establishing deeper local connections and facilitating intimate interactions between local residents and their heritage. These regional museums face dual challenges in their sustainable digital transformation, including the following: [...] Read more.

While national museums focus on broader national narratives, regional museums function as vital community hubs, establishing deeper local connections and facilitating intimate interactions between local residents and their heritage. These regional museums face dual challenges in their sustainable digital transformation, including the following: technical barriers arising from the high costs of traditional digitization methods like Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and humanistic challenges, including preserving distinctive multi-directional communication and balancing professionalism and authority with collaborative community engagement in the digitization process. This study addresses these challenges through a case study of the Ryushi Memorial Museum in Ota City, Tokyo. We present a comprehensive approach that integrates technical innovation with community engagement, including the following: (1) A cost-effective workflow combining photogrammetry with iPad LiDAR technology for spatial reconstruction, demonstrated through the digital reconstruction of the museum’s Atelier and Jibutsudo (family hall for worshipping Buddha); (2) a new Exhibition Co-Design framework that co-ordinates diverse stakeholders to create digital exhibitions while balancing professional guidance with community participation. Through questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews with museum volunteers, we demonstrate how this approach enhances community engagement by enabling volunteers to incorporate their local knowledge into digital exhibitions while maintaining professionalism and authority. This cost-effective model for spatial reconstruction and community-driven digital design can serve as a reference for other regional museums to help them achieve sustainable digital innovation in the digital age. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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29 pages, 2139 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Constructing a Sustainable Evaluation Framework for AIGC Technology in Yixing Zisha Pottery: Balancing Heritage Preservation and Innovation

by Shimin Pan, Rusmadiah Bin Anwar, Nor Nazida Binti Awang and Yinuo He

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 910; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17030910 - 23 Jan 2025

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5726

Abstract

This study develops a sustainable evaluation framework for Yixing Zisha pottery design schemes generated by Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) technology, emphasizing the integration of cultural heritage preservation with innovation. As a traditional Chinese craft and a recognized element of intangible cultural heritage [...] Read more.

This study develops a sustainable evaluation framework for Yixing Zisha pottery design schemes generated by Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) technology, emphasizing the integration of cultural heritage preservation with innovation. As a traditional Chinese craft and a recognized element of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), Yixing Zisha pottery is celebrated for its cultural depth and unique design techniques. Guided by emotional design theory, the framework assesses aesthetic, functional, and emotional dimensions through hierarchical analysis. Using the Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), primary and secondary indicators were identified and weighted based on expert consensus. AIGC technology, underpinned by advanced AI algorithms, generates culturally authentic yet innovative design solutions, striking a balance between tradition and modernity. The findings reveal that this approach enhances design diversity, functionality, and efficiency while fostering global cultural awareness. By providing practical guidance for integrating AIGC technology into traditional craftsmanship, the research offers a replicable model for other traditional crafts and contributes to the theoretical advancement of sustainable cultural heritage practices. By bridging the gap between digital innovation and heritage preservation, this study addresses the critical need for sustainable strategies in the creative industries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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18 pages, 15812 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Interactive Experience for Intangible Cultural Heritage: Sustainable Innovation of Blue Clamp-Resist Dyeing

by Yidan Wang and Yixuan Zhou

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 898; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17030898 - 23 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2122

Abstract

The sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) faces multiple challenges, including societal structural transformations, intergenerational transmission gaps, and the loss of cultural memory. The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies offers new possibilities for the digital preservation and innovation of [...] Read more.

The sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) faces multiple challenges, including societal structural transformations, intergenerational transmission gaps, and the loss of cultural memory. The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies offers new possibilities for the digital preservation and innovation of ICH. This study leverages generative AI to develop a LoRA model embodying the Blue Clamp-Resist Dyeing style, enabling the digital preservation and innovative reinterpretation of traditional patterns. Additionally, the study integrates these technological achievements into an interactive experience project at the Wenzhou Blue Clamp-Resist Dyeing Museum. Through immersive experiences in pattern generation and dissemination, the project effectively enhances public engagement and cultural identity. The findings reveal that generative AI holds significant potential for promoting the digital transformation, innovative dissemination, and sustainable development of ICH. This study offers a practical approach to the preservation and innovation of intangible cultural heritage. By applying generative artificial intelligence, it further expands the potential for enhancing public engagement and promoting innovative cultural heritage transmission. Additionally, it provides new possibilities for leveraging digital technologies to support the sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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20 pages, 13611 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics and Causative Analysis of Toponymic Cultural Landscapes in Traditional Villages in Northern Guangdong, China

by Jun Li, Yao Xiao, Jiangyu Yan, Chen Liang and Haiyan Zhong

Sustainability 2025, 17(1), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010271 - 2 Jan 2025

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1399

Abstract

This research focuses on the cultural landscape of traditional village toponyms in the northern Guangdong region, aiming to reveal the spatial distribution, site selection characteristics, temporal evolution patterns, and influencing factors of toponyms. The study employs quantitative statistics and ArcGIS spatial analysis methods, [...] Read more.

This research focuses on the cultural landscape of traditional village toponyms in the northern Guangdong region, aiming to reveal the spatial distribution, site selection characteristics, temporal evolution patterns, and influencing factors of toponyms. The study employs quantitative statistics and ArcGIS spatial analysis methods, combining place name classification and kernel density analysis to explore the mechanisms through which natural and human factors influence place name distribution. The main findings are as follows: (1) Traditional village toponyms exhibit a characteristic of “large dispersion and small aggregation” with high-density areas mainly concentrated in Meizhou and Qingyuan. (2) Natural toponyms dominate, showing a strong correlation with river valley and plain environments, while village location demonstrates hydrophilicity and terrain suitability. Human toponyms enrich the landscape’s connotation through cultural identity and social memory, reflecting the profound influences of Confucian agricultural education traditions and immigrant cultures. (3) Economic activities and population migrations during historical periods have significantly shaped the cultural landscape of toponyms, not only promoting the evolution of village site selection and distribution patterns but also profoundly affecting naming conventions for toponyms. This research emphasizes the importance of protecting the cultural landscape of toponyms while achieving a symbiotic relationship between cultural value and economic benefits through regional cultural tourism development, laying a theoretical foundation for the long-term preservation and sustainable development of regional cultural heritage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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29 pages, 10768 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification and Evaluation of Cultural Ecosystem Service Resources in the Territory of the Local Action Group Lednice–Valtice Area

by Ilona Zourková, Lenka Hromková, Jiří Schneider and Jitka Fialová

Sustainability 2025, 17(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010013 - 24 Dec 2024

Viewed by 1051

Abstract

The article focuses on the identification and mapping of cultural ecosystem service (CES) resources in the territory of the Local Action Group Lednice–Valtice Area (LAG LVA). The Consolidated Layer of Ecosystems (CLE) was used for mapping, and changes in the distribution and overall [...] Read more.

The article focuses on the identification and mapping of cultural ecosystem service (CES) resources in the territory of the Local Action Group Lednice–Valtice Area (LAG LVA). The Consolidated Layer of Ecosystems (CLE) was used for mapping, and changes in the distribution and overall representation of cultural ecosystem service resources across the different CLE versions were monitored. A total of 27 ecosystem categories were identified in the region. Subsequently, the importance of cultural ecosystem services was assessed based on expert estimation. The classes of ecosystem services defined within the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) have been grouped into a total of four groups according to their common characteristics. Then, an expert estimation of all identified ecosystems in terms of their importance as sources of CESs was performed. It showed that ecosystems in the LAG LVA have a high potential to provide CES. As a result of the significant amount of CES resources, it is also an area that attracts a huge number of visitors annually. However, some places are more attractive and well known, causing an influx of tourists. The sustainability and protection of these resources, thus, depends on their appropriate management and integration into strategies and planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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16 pages, 3398 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biocides Based on Essential Oils for Sustainable Conservation and Restoration of Mural Paintings in Built Cultural Heritage

by Dina Mateus, Fernando Costa, Vasco de Jesus and Leonor Malaquias

Sustainability 2024, 16(24), 11223; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162411223 - 20 Dec 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1364

Abstract

Microbial deterioration poses a significant threat to built heritage, particularly mural paintings, where traditional synthetic biocides can have adverse environmental and material impacts. This study evaluates the effectiveness of essential oils derived from four aromatic plants—thyme (Thymus mastichina L.), fennel (Foeniculum [...] Read more.

Microbial deterioration poses a significant threat to built heritage, particularly mural paintings, where traditional synthetic biocides can have adverse environmental and material impacts. This study evaluates the effectiveness of essential oils derived from four aromatic plants—thyme (Thymus mastichina L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.), and green lavender (Lavandula viridis L’Hér.)—as natural biocides against microorganisms isolated from mural paintings in the House of Moscadim, an 18th-century manor house in Portugal. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was assessed using both direct contact and micro-atmosphere methods. Four microorganisms were isolated, including two bacteria, Bacillus wiedmannii and Bacillus mobilis, and two fungi, Penicillium brevicompactum and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Fennel essential oil exhibited the strongest antifungal activity against both fungal species, surpassing the efficacy of the commercial biocide Biotin T^® in some cases. Pennyroyal and lavender essential oils also showed significant inhibitory effects. The micro-atmosphere method demonstrated the potential for noninvasive application of essential oils while preserving the integrity of delicate mural surfaces. These findings suggest that essential oils, particularly fennel oil, constitute a promising natural alternative to synthetic biocides for the sustainable conservation of cultural heritage. Further research is recommended to explore their long-term effects and to optimize application techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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22 pages, 11296 KiB

Open AccessArticle

First Greek Orthodox Temple in Sustainable Cultural Heritage of Nicosia’s Historical Urban Texture: Chrysaliniotissa Church and Its Architectural Characteristics

by Şefika Karaderi and Zihni Turkan

Sustainability 2024, 16(23), 10178; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310178 - 21 Nov 2024

Viewed by 1315

Abstract

The initial development of Nicosia’s historical urban texture, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of various civilisations that have shaped the history of Cyprus, can be traced back to the Lusignan period (1191–1489). This urban framework continued to evolve through subsequent eras, including the [...] Read more.

The initial development of Nicosia’s historical urban texture, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of various civilisations that have shaped the history of Cyprus, can be traced back to the Lusignan period (1191–1489). This urban framework continued to evolve through subsequent eras, including the Venetian (1489–1570), Ottoman (1571–1878), British (1878–1960), and Republic of Cyprus (1960–…) periods, as well as more recent developments. As a result, Nicosia has transformed into an open-air museum, encapsulating the architectural and cultural imprints of its diverse historical influences. Greek Orthodox Churches, significant among the island’s historical monuments, continue to function today while preserving their distinctive architectural features, serving as enduring symbols of Christianity in Cyprus. The Chrysaliniotissa Church, a notable example within the Walled City of Nicosia, stands out from other churches due to its origins dating back to the Lusignan period of Cyprus and its unique architectural characteristics. In this paper, qualitative research methods were used based on a literature review for the necessary theoretical information and on-site field studies on the architectural features of the church. This paper aims to examine the Chrysaliniotissa Church, highlighting its architectural features shaped by the influences of various historical periods. Additionally, this paper seeks to underscore the significance of this cultural heritage site in contributing to the sustainability of Nicosia’s historical urban texture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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21 pages, 3837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cultural Heritage Management in the Context of Sustainable Tourism: The Case of Öşkvank Monastery (Uzundere, Erzurum)

by Mustafa Özgeriş, Neslihan Demircan, Ayşe Karahan, Oğuz Gökçe, Faris Karahan, Işık Sezen and Elif Akpınar Külekçi

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 9964; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16229964 - 15 Nov 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2897

Abstract

This research was carried out at the Öşkvank Monastery, located within the Uzundere district of Erzurum province in the northeast of Turkey. Öşkvank Monastery is a significant cultural heritage and tourism asset for the region with a history dating back to the 10th [...] Read more.

This research was carried out at the Öşkvank Monastery, located within the Uzundere district of Erzurum province in the northeast of Turkey. Öşkvank Monastery is a significant cultural heritage and tourism asset for the region with a history dating back to the 10th century. Despite its importance as a tourism attraction, the monastery currently lacks any protection or management strategy that threatens the transfer of the monastery to future generations. This research focuses on the management of cultural heritage through sustainable tourism development, and it was conducted using a mixed methodology, combining quantitative and qualitative studies. As part of the research, a survey was made, and Öşkvank Monastery was evaluated in terms of sustainable tourism principles. The survey results showed that the participants did not appreciate Öşkvank Monastery regarding sustainable tourism principles. A SWOT analysis was performed through a focus group study to identify the internal (strengths, weaknesses) and external (opportunities, threats) conditions of the region in relation to sustainable tourism. Based on the SWOT analysis, a TOWS matrix was developed and strategies for sustainable tourism development were formulated. TOWS strategies were classified by the content analysis method, and an eight-step Cultural Heritage Management Framework (CHMF) was prepared. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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23 pages, 7155 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing User Participation in Cultural Heritage through Serious Games: Combining Perspectives from the Experience Economy and SOR Theory

by Ru Zhang, Qianghong Huang, Jiacheng Luo, Junping Xu and Younghwan Pan

Sustainability 2024, 16(17), 7608; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177608 - 2 Sep 2024

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3727

Abstract

The dissemination and preservation of cultural heritage has attracted much attention globally, and serious games play an important role in cultural heritage dissemination and preservation; however, it is not clear which experiences of serious games are effective in increasing people’s attention to cultural [...] Read more.

The dissemination and preservation of cultural heritage has attracted much attention globally, and serious games play an important role in cultural heritage dissemination and preservation; however, it is not clear which experiences of serious games are effective in increasing people’s attention to cultural heritage. This study combines the experience economy and stimulus–organism–response (SOR) theory to construct a theoretical model to explore which experiences of serious games influence users’ behavioral intention to care about cultural heritage. We surveyed 302 users who experienced serious games and analyzed the data and measurement model using SPSS 27 and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that the four experiences of serious games (educational, entertaining, escapist, and esthetic) had a significant effect on users’ perceived value and memory and that perceived value and memory significantly influenced users’ participation. In addition, this study found that the entertainment experience was not only a key factor influencing perceived value and memory, but also the most significant factor directly affecting user participation. This finding provides specific recommendations for game developers and cultural heritage organizations to enhance user engagement. Enhancing the four experience dimensions and strengthening users’ perceived value and memory can effectively encourage users to pay attention to cultural heritage through serious games and contribute to the preservation and sustainable development of cultural heritage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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27 pages, 1548 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Development of Digital Cultural Heritage: A Hybrid Analysis of Crowdsourcing Projects Using fsQCA and System Dynamics

by Yang Zhang and Changqi Dong

Sustainability 2024, 16(17), 7577; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177577 - 1 Sep 2024

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4190

Abstract

Cultural heritage crowdsourcing has emerged as a promising approach to address the challenges of digitizing and preserving cultural heritage, contributing to the sustainable development goals of cultural preservation and digital inclusivity. However, the long-term sustainability of these projects faces numerous obstacles. This study [...] Read more.

Cultural heritage crowdsourcing has emerged as a promising approach to address the challenges of digitizing and preserving cultural heritage, contributing to the sustainable development goals of cultural preservation and digital inclusivity. However, the long-term sustainability of these projects faces numerous obstacles. This study explores the key configurational determinants and dynamic evolutionary mechanisms driving the sustainable development of cultural heritage crowdsourcing projects, aiming to enhance their longevity and impact. An innovative integration of fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and system dynamics (SD) is employed, drawing upon a “resource coordination–stakeholder interaction–value co-creation” analytical framework. Through a multi-case comparison of 18 cultural heritage crowdsourcing projects, we identify necessary conditions for project sustainability, including platform support, data resources, knowledge capital, and digitalization performance. The study reveals multiple sufficient pathways to sustainability through configurational combinations of participant motivation, innovation drive, social capital, and social impact. Our system dynamics analysis demonstrates that crowdsourcing project sustainability exhibits significant nonlinear dynamic characteristics, influenced by the interaction and emergent effects of the resource–participation–performance chain. This research offers both theoretical insights and practical guidance for optimizing crowdsourcing mechanisms and sustainable project operations, contributing to the broader goals of sustainable cultural heritage preservation and digital humanities development. The findings provide a roadmap for policymakers and project managers to design and implement more sustainable and impactful cultural heritage crowdsourcing initiatives, aligning with global sustainability objectives in the digital age. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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23 pages, 5272 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Balancing Social and Cultural Priorities in the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for UNESCO World Heritage Cities

by Bayan F. El Faouri and Magda Sibley

Sustainability 2024, 16(14), 5833; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16145833 - 9 Jul 2024

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5470

Abstract

There is a strong relationship between heritage-led urban regeneration and the UN initiatives for Sustainable Development (SD). These include the Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention (ICH; 2003) and Historic Urban Landscape (HUL; 2011) under the UNESCO mandate and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs; 2015) [...] Read more.

There is a strong relationship between heritage-led urban regeneration and the UN initiatives for Sustainable Development (SD). These include the Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention (ICH; 2003) and Historic Urban Landscape (HUL; 2011) under the UNESCO mandate and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs; 2015) and the New Urban Agenda (NUA; 2016) under the UN mandate. Despite the presence of those initiatives, regeneration in a World Heritage city often leads to the disappearance of intangible heritage, gentrification, excessive tourism, and social exclusion. Therefore, this paper critically identifies the shortcomings of those initiatives in addressing social and cultural sustainability. It uses the recently inscribed city of As-Salt on the WHL to showcase how the relevant SDGs’ targets and indicators are problematic in monitoring and measuring the sustainability of urban regeneration practices in WH cities. This is achieved by investigating where heritage and culture are embedded within the descriptions of goals and indicators in the three initiatives (SDGs, NUA, and HUL) document. A content analysis, using the NVivo qualitative data analysis tool, was conducted in order to identify complementarity, synergies, and correlations among the goals and indicators related to social and cultural sustainability. This paper concludes by suggesting an integrated approach under the umbrella of the SDGs for a more sustainable heritage-led urban regeneration alternative for cities acquiring UNESCO WH status. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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18 pages, 13681 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing the Sustainability of Intangible Cultural Heritage Projects: Obtaining Efficient Digital Skills Preservation through Binocular Half Panoramic VR Maps

by Ruixuan Yang, Yuzhi Li, Yiting Wang, Qiaolian Zhu, Ning Wang, Ying Song, Feng Tian and Haojun Xu

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5281; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135281 - 21 Jun 2024

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3306

Abstract

Intangible cultural heritage is a people-centered living cultural heritage. Preservation, promotion, and talent cultivation are important aspects of intangible cultural heritage protection and also crucial guarantees for sustainable development. However, traditional video recordings lack three-dimensional spatial information, and the high cost of digital [...] Read more.

Intangible cultural heritage is a people-centered living cultural heritage. Preservation, promotion, and talent cultivation are important aspects of intangible cultural heritage protection and also crucial guarantees for sustainable development. However, traditional video recordings lack three-dimensional spatial information, and the high cost of digital scanning and reconstruction still leaves no convenient, efficient, accurate, realistic, and low-cost solution for the preservation and dissemination of intangible cultural heritage projects. Here we introduce the binocular 180-degree panoramic display method, through which a platform for recording, showcasing, disseminating, and teaching intangible cultural heritage projects in the Sanlin Old Street of Shanghai was implemented. The platform requires only VR filming without the need for 3D modeling technology. The participants can freely select intangible cultural heritage projects on the map and immerse themselves in watching the Sanlin “Three Excellence” porcelain carving, local cuisine, and embroidery. They can also enjoy the dragon dance, experience the textile craftsmanship of Sanlin’s “Three Specialties”, and even observe the production process and details of the works from the perspective of the inheritor in the first person. The results show that compared to traditional video recordings and digital scanning reconstruction, the binocular 180-degree panoramic display provides a one-to-one, face-to-face, and low-cost solution for the preservation and dissemination of projects. It allows students to increase their knowledge of intangible cultural heritage and enhance their interest in inheritance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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18 pages, 6344 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impacts of Different Tourism Models on Rural Ecosystem Service Value in Ziquejie Terraces

by Juan Shi, Ming Mo, Yimin Xie and Qianying Liao

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4945; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124945 - 9 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1463

Abstract

Villages are important components of agricultural heritage sites, and their tourism models significantly impact ecosystem service value (ESV). This study takes Zhenglong Village (culture and tourism integration), Ziquejie Village (farmstay type), and Jizhai Village (sightseeing type) with different tourism models in the Ziquejie [...] Read more.

Villages are important components of agricultural heritage sites, and their tourism models significantly impact ecosystem service value (ESV). This study takes Zhenglong Village (culture and tourism integration), Ziquejie Village (farmstay type), and Jizhai Village (sightseeing type) with different tourism models in the Ziquejie Terraces heritage site as the research objects. Firstly, a single dynamic land use model and a land use transfer matrix were used to reveal rural land use changes driven by three different tourism models. Secondly, changes in ESV in the three villages were assessed with a valuation model. Finally, the welfare per unit area of villagers obtained from ecosystem services (ESs) was calculated. The results showed that: (1) From 2006 to 2022, the built-up area in the three villages gradually increased, primarily converting from farmland. Zhenglong Village experienced the smallest degree of change in both farmland and built-up areas. (2) The total ESV in Zhenglong Village increased by 0.35 times, the highest among the three villages. (3) Zhenglong Village saw the largest increase in welfare per unit area of villagers, from 82,551 CNY in 2006 to 111,785 CNY in 2022. Therefore, adopting a culture and tourism integration model in this heritage site is most conducive to conserving and enhancing the rural ESV, improving villagers’ welfare, and promoting the sustainable development of villages and heritage sites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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27 pages, 5958 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Sustainable Inheritance Strategies of National Traditional Fine Arts Intangible Cultural Heritage in China

by Zhiqiang Cai, Keke Cai, Tao Huang, Ge Zhang and Ruixi Chen

Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4488; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114488 - 25 May 2024

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2654

Abstract

A total of 417 intangible cultural heritage objects (ICHOs) are intertwined with traditional Chinese art, showcasing China’s rich historical heritage and distinctive creative allure. However, ICHOs currently grapple with a significant succession quandary due to modernization endeavors and the impacts of globalization. Hence, [...] Read more.

A total of 417 intangible cultural heritage objects (ICHOs) are intertwined with traditional Chinese art, showcasing China’s rich historical heritage and distinctive creative allure. However, ICHOs currently grapple with a significant succession quandary due to modernization endeavors and the impacts of globalization. Hence, this study scrutinizes the spatial distribution of ICHO projects and inheritors and examines methodologies for inheriting these 417 ICHOs, employing approaches such as the closest neighbor index, Moran’s I index, kernel density estimation, geographic concentration analysis, and imbalance index assessment. Research indicates that ICHOs exhibit a spatial aggregation pattern, yet there is no substantial spatial correlation observed in their distribution. The national distribution highlights two core density zones: Beijing and Shanghai. In China, ICHO programs display uneven distribution across various types, levels, regions, and cultural zones. Regarding the ethnic composition of projects and inheritors, ICHO projects predominantly focus on the Han ethnic group, with a scattering of minority representations. Minority ICHO projects and inheritors are concentrated in central and eastern areas, while Han ICHO projects and inheritors are concentrated in central and western regions. Among the 148 ICHO projects lacking inheritors, 203 have one inheritor, and only 66 have several inheritors. Shanghai serves as the core density zone for 269 ICHO projects with inheritors, while Beijing holds that status for 148 ICHO projects without inheritors. Out of the 148 ICHO projects lacking inheritors, 115 belong to the Han ethnic group, with 33 split among 16 different ethnic minorities, and 2 have no inheritors. These disparities underscore the uneven distribution of ICHO projects and the critical issue of inheritance. This study identified education, tourism, digital communication, incentivizing inheritors, and international cooperation as potential strategies for preserving ICHA. Moreover, a sustainable inheritance pathway integrating government, education, tourism, and media is imperative for the effective perpetuation of ICHOs’ legacy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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19 pages, 14232 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Using Deep Learning Approaches to Quantify Landscape Preference of the Chinese Grand Canal: An Empirical Case Study of the Yangzhou Ancient Canal

by Yiwen Li and Bing Qiu

Sustainability 2024, 16(9), 3602; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093602 - 25 Apr 2024

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2438

Abstract

Landscape preference emerges from the dynamic interaction between individuals and their environment and plays a pivotal role in the preservation and enhancement of the Chinese Grand Canal’s scenery. As a vast linear heritage, employing conventional methods for analyzing landscape preferences can be resource-intensive [...] Read more.

Landscape preference emerges from the dynamic interaction between individuals and their environment and plays a pivotal role in the preservation and enhancement of the Chinese Grand Canal’s scenery. As a vast linear heritage, employing conventional methods for analyzing landscape preferences can be resource-intensive in terms of both time and labor. Amid the rapid advancement of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI), a cognitive framework for understanding the Chinese Grand Canal’s landscape preferences has been developed, encompassing two primary aspects: the characteristic features of landscape preference and its spatial organization. Geotagged photographs from tourism media platforms focused on the Yangzhou Ancient Canal were utilized, and the EasyDL deep learning platform was employed to devise a model. This model assesses current landscape preferences through an analysis of photographic content, element composition patterns, and geospatial distribution, integrating social network and point density analyses. Our findings reveal that the fusion of Yangzhou Ancient Canal and classical gardens creates a sought-after ‘Canal and Watercraft Remains’ landscape. Tourists’ preferences for different landscape types are reflected in the way the elements are combined in the photographs. Overall, landscape preferences are dense in the north and sparse in the south. Differences in tourists’ perceptions of the value of and preferences for heritage sites lead to significant variations in tourist arrivals at different sites. This approach demonstrates efficiency and scalability in evaluating the Chinese Grand Canal landscape, offering valuable insights for its strategic planning and conservation efforts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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18 pages, 3222 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Impact of Immersive Technologies on Cultural Heritage: A Bibliometric Study of VR, AR, and MR Applications

by Jingru Zhang, Wan Ahmad Jaafar Wan Yahaya and Mageswaran Sanmugam

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6446; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156446 - 28 Jul 2024

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 13370

Abstract

This article aims to assist readers in understanding the current status of studies on the subject by providing a descriptive bibliometric analysis of publications on virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies in cultural heritage. A bibliometric analysis of [...] Read more.

This article aims to assist readers in understanding the current status of studies on the subject by providing a descriptive bibliometric analysis of publications on virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies in cultural heritage. A bibliometric analysis of 1214 publications in this discipline in the Scopus database between 2014 and the beginning of June 2024 was performed. We used VOSviewer and Bibliometrix as the analysis tools in this investigation. The outcome of this study provides a detailed overview of the descriptive bibliometric analysis based on seven categories, including the annual count of articles and citations, the most productive author, the primary affiliation, the publication source, and the subject areas. The contribution of this research lies in offering valuable insights for practitioners and researchers, helping them make informed decisions on the use of immersive technologies, for example, VR, AR, and MR, in the context of cultural heritage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

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