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Separations
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Mineral Flotation
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Mineral Flotation

A special issue of Separations (ISSN 2297-8739). This special issue belongs to the section "Analysis of Energies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 10756

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Qicheng Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Interests: mineral separation; flotation reagents; surface analysis; leaching; industrial wastewater treatment; mineral surface chemistry; process mineralogy; comprehensive utilization of mineral resources

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mineral resources play a critical role in various material applications. Flotation is a practical technique to separate valuable minerals from gangue minerals based on differences in physical and chemical properties on mineral surfaces. Flotation reagents, such as collectors, activators, depressants, frothers, regulators, etc., are commonly employed in the recovery of valuable minerals. The gradual depletion of high-grade mineral resources has made complicated and refractory ores an alternative source to meet market demands. Thus, there is a crucial need for research on the theory and application of flotation to address the issues in the separation of valuable minerals from gangue minerals. This Special Issue will focus on recent advances in flotation theory, reagents, and techniques. Research or review articles concerning the crystal structures of typical minerals, DFT calculation, synthesis of flotation reagents, interaction of flotation reagents with mineral surfaces, enhanced flotation methods, solution chemistry of flotation, aggregation, and dispersion of minerals, flotation applications, and plant practice are invited to this Special Issue. The issue will contribute to the understanding of these processes and the development of novel approaches to improve the flotation recovery of valuable mineral resources from complicated and refractory ores.

Prof. Dr. Qicheng Feng
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Separations is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • flotation
  • adsorption
  • sulfide minerals
  • oxide minerals
  • surface chemistry
  • flotation reagents
  • bubble-particle interaction
  • theoretical calculation
  • surface analysis
  • process mineralogy

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 7412 KiB  
Article
Process Mineralogy of Vanadium Titanomagnetite Ore in Panzhihua, China
by Fuxing Zhu, Zhanshan Ma, Guanjin Gao, Kehui Qiu and Weixing Peng
Separations 2023, 10(3), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10030147 - 22 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2100
Abstract
After decades of development of the vanadium titanomagnetite (VTM) ore in the Panzhihua district changes have taken place to the ore characteristics. In addition, preliminary research carried out in this area mainly focused on the separation and extraction of iron resources and lacked [...] Read more.
After decades of development of the vanadium titanomagnetite (VTM) ore in the Panzhihua district changes have taken place to the ore characteristics. In addition, preliminary research carried out in this area mainly focused on the separation and extraction of iron resources and lacked a systematic research focus on the process mineralogy of ilmenite, resulting in a low grade and yield of the separated ilmenite. Therefore, the present study investigates the compositions, textures, element distributions, and particle size characteristics of VTM ores in Panzhihua were studied via mineral dissociation analysis (MLA), electron microscope–microprobe analysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the chemical and mineral compositions of the VTM ore samples were basically stable. However, the size of the embedded particles of ilmenite and titanomagnetite was smaller than that reported previously. In addition, the olivine content was found to have significantly increased, and a large number of altered minerals (such as chlorite and sphene) were also present, as a result of which the degrees of monomer dissociation of ilmenite and titanomagnetite reached 85% when the fraction of particles with size in the range of 0.04–0.15 mm was 75%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral Flotation)
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15 pages, 3781 KiB  
Article
Separation of Ilmenite from Vanadium Titanomagnetite by Combining Magnetic Separation and Flotation Processes
by Fuxing Zhu, Zhanshan Ma, Kehui Qiu and Weixing Peng
Separations 2023, 10(2), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10020095 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2294
Abstract
Vanadium titanomagnetite (VTM) is an important mineral for developing titanium resources, but the comprehensive recovery of ilmenite separation is extremely poor, resulting in the low-efficiency utilization of titanium resources. Here, the separation of ilmenite from VTM ore is studied by combining magnetic separation [...] Read more.
Vanadium titanomagnetite (VTM) is an important mineral for developing titanium resources, but the comprehensive recovery of ilmenite separation is extremely poor, resulting in the low-efficiency utilization of titanium resources. Here, the separation of ilmenite from VTM ore is studied by combining magnetic separation and flotation technologies. In particular, the floatability of mixed MOH/PG-1 collectors is thoroughly investigated. The results show that a concentrate with a TiO2 grade of 9.90% can be separated via weak magnetic separation and coarse particle tailing dumping. The concentrate grade is then increased to 14.32% via strong magnetic separation and floating separation of sulfur minerals. Finally, a TiO2 grade of 46.34% is obtained through closed-circuit flotation using mixed MOH/PG-1 collectors. The mixed collectors are very efficient and can enhance the chemical adsorption of the Ti4+, Fe3+, and Fe2+ ions in the ilmenite concentrate compared with the MOH collector, thereby increasing the TiO2 grade and recovery by 3.31% and 1.20%, respectively. This is beneficial for improving the comprehensive utilization of titanium resources in VTM ores. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral Flotation)
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23 pages, 10450 KiB  
Article
Effect of Fluoride Ions on the Surface Dissolution of Vanadium-Bearing Biotite
by Yuanyuan Tao, Guohua Ye, Hao Zhang, Yujie Hu, Qi Zuo, Xiao Wang, Siqin Zhu, Xuanxiong Kang, Yun Zhang, Xinyue Xiang, Yiyang Rong and Changxu Song
Separations 2022, 9(12), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9120422 - 8 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1142
Abstract
In shale vanadium ore, vanadium is mainly formed as a low-V(III) homogeneous phase to partially replace Si and exists in the lattice structure of aluminosilicate minerals such as biotite. During the acid leaching of shale vanadium ore, an activator is needed to effectively [...] Read more.
In shale vanadium ore, vanadium is mainly formed as a low-V(III) homogeneous phase to partially replace Si and exists in the lattice structure of aluminosilicate minerals such as biotite. During the acid leaching of shale vanadium ore, an activator is needed to effectively extract vanadium. Using biotite as a tetrahedral structure doped with Aluminum-Silicon tetrahedron structure, the interaction between leaching-agent ions (H+), activator ions (F−), and vanadium-containing biotite surface was discussed by DFT quantum chemical calculations. The dissolution behavior of activator fluoride ions on the surface of vanadium-bearing biotite during sulfuric acid leaching was revealed. According to the simulated leaching results, the oxygen on the biotite surface first absorbed hydrogen ions to undergo complete hydroxylation, and then combined with hydrogen ions to form water molecules. However, in the presence of activator (NaF), fluoride ions were adsorbed on the surface cations, which catalyzed the formation of water molecules and promoted the dissolution of surface cations. SEM–EDS analysis showed that the surface of vanadium-bearing minerals became very irregular, and the number of voids and cracks greatly increased. At the same time, XPS showed that the addition of activator fluoride ions destroyed the Al-O tetrahedron structure. Many Al and V atoms dissolved in the solution, which improved the leaching rate of vanadium. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral Flotation)
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15 pages, 2524 KiB  
Article
Interaction of Manganese Ions with Scheelite Surfaces and Its Effect on Collector Adsorption and Flotation
by Xiao Wang, Shuming Wen, Qi Zuo, Runpeng Liao, Shengbing Meng, Yuanyuan Tao, Zhihao Shen and Qicheng Feng
Separations 2022, 9(11), 365; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9110365 - 10 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1178
Abstract
Tungsten is a commercially important metal element that usually coexists with a variety of non-ferrous metals, which makes its extraction difficult. Scheelite is a commonly occurring tungsten-containing ore with the formula CaWO4. Improving the surface properties of scheelite to increase its [...] Read more.
Tungsten is a commercially important metal element that usually coexists with a variety of non-ferrous metals, which makes its extraction difficult. Scheelite is a commonly occurring tungsten-containing ore with the formula CaWO4. Improving the surface properties of scheelite to increase its adsorption of the collector for flotation separation is the focus of our current research. In this paper, the effects of manganese ions on scheelite flotation in benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) system were studied by micro-flotation tests, adsorption tests, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The addition of Mn2+ was found to improve the recovery of scheelite. The addition of Mn2+ greatly improved the recovery of scheelite. Infrared spectroscopy, adsorption tests, zeta potential measurements and XPS analysis all confirmed that BHA had a higher adsorption capacity and a stronger bond to the surface of scheelite after the addition of manganese ions, increasing the floatability of scheelite particles. Therefore, Mn2+ shows great potential for the improvement of the flotation index of scheelite in a system with BHA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral Flotation)
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14 pages, 13157 KiB  
Article
The Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior of a Particle on a Vibrating Screen Based on the Elastoplastic Contact Model
by Deyi He, Chusheng Liu and Sai Li
Separations 2022, 9(8), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9080216 - 12 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1583
Abstract
The dynamic response of particles is closely related to screening efficiency. To study the dynamic response of particles, the dynamic equations of a particle on a screening surface are established based on the elastoplastic contact model of spherical particles and are solved for [...] Read more.
The dynamic response of particles is closely related to screening efficiency. To study the dynamic response of particles, the dynamic equations of a particle on a screening surface are established based on the elastoplastic contact model of spherical particles and are solved for the coal particle. Then, the trajectories of the particles are given with different falling heights and particle radii. The completely different trajectories with slight changes in the falling height and particle radius indicate strong nonlinearity. Second, the nonlinear dynamic behavior under different amplitudes and frequencies is discussed, and the route of transition from quasiperiodic motion to chaotic motion is revealed. Finally, we discuss the average speed along the screening surface considering the frequency, amplitude, friction coefficient, inclination angle, and vibration direction angle. In addition, the convergence conditions of particle motion are proposed, and they are only affected by the inclination angle and friction angle. The results show that in the normal direction of the vibrating screen, the particle motion is quasiperiodic at low frequencies. With increasing frequency, the motion of the particle becomes chaotic, and its Poincaré map becomes petal-shaped. In addition, the number of petals increases at the mutation of the bifurcation diagram. The increase in frequency, amplitude and inclination angle and the decrease in friction coefficient lead to an increase in particle speed along the screen surface. In addition, the particle speed reaches a maximum when the vibration direction angle is 65°. This work provides a theoretical basis for controlling the thickness of granular material flow on a vibrating screen and selecting screening process parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral Flotation)
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15 pages, 3166 KiB  
Article
Study on Screening Mechanism and Numerical Simulation for Crashed Concrete Particles by Using DEM
by Deyi He and Chusheng Liu
Separations 2022, 9(6), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9060153 - 14 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1693
Abstract
Recycling waste concrete has become a large problem in developing countries. The aim of this work is to provide guidance for screening concrete particles and improving screening efficiency. First, the elastoplastic collision model is established for calculating the coefficient of restitution for concrete [...] Read more.
Recycling waste concrete has become a large problem in developing countries. The aim of this work is to provide guidance for screening concrete particles and improving screening efficiency. First, the elastoplastic collision model is established for calculating the coefficient of restitution for concrete particles with different compressive strengths. Then, a bar circular vibrating screen is applied to simulate the screening process of concrete particles by using the discrete element method (DEM). The optimal vibrating parameters, which contain amplitude, frequency and inclination angles, is analyzed for the representative concrete particles containing C15, C45 and C80 by comparing the screening efficiency. The results show that the optimal screening parameters of amplitude and frequency is smaller with the increase in the compressive strength of the concrete particles. Appropriately, the large inclination angle is suitable for screening fine concrete particles with a gap vibrating screen. This work should be helpful for the screening process of concrete waste particles and provides a theoretical basis and simulation case for screening and recycling other particles, such as sand, stone, iron ore and copper ore. In the screening processes of construction wastes, the optimal screening parameters can be selected quickly by calculating the coefficient of restitution and adopting the DEM simulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral Flotation)
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