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Multisensor Arrays for Environmental Monitoring

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Intelligent Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2019) | Viewed by 35516

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Victor Sysoev

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Guest Editor

Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, Russia
Interests: chemiresistor; multisensor array; gas sensor; electronic nose; oxide nanostructures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Trends to develop devices mimicking all the mammalian senses have produced both basic and applied research in corresponding directions since the 20th century. So far, we have widely employed sensor units, which have yielded signals regarding electromagnetic radiation (vision), acoustic waves (audition), pressure, temperature, and motion (somatosensation). However, gustation, and olfaction in particular, are extremely difficult to simulate for machine detection due to a variety of substances and interference effects. In many tasks where the selectivity is not demanded as much, chemical sensors have found a market niche because of the high sensitivity obtained recently due to great success in material science and micro- and nano-electronics technologies. To approach the selectivity issue in the same way as the human olfaction system, we have used vector signals or patterns generated by multisensor arrays or single sensors operated under varying conditions. Analyte-specific multisensor patterns are processed by corresponding algorithms recently developed by information technologies. However, s so far these multisensor units have not found a significant market that requires new breakthroughs in the field.

Therefore, we invite applicants to look over the recent advances in multisensor arrays and call for innovative works that explore frontiers and challenges in the field.

The topics of interest include but are not limited to the following:

Fundamentals of multisensor arrays
Multisensor array technologies
Emerging materials for multisensor arrays
Integration of sensors to multisensor arrays, features, and challenges
Innovative pattern recognition approaches to multisensor signals
Interfaces for multisensor arrays
Packaging for multisensor array chips
Multisensor array networks and IoT
Applications of multisensor arrays and artificial intelligence

Prof. Dr. Victor Sysoev
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Multisensor array
Electronic nose
Electronic tongue
Chemical sensor
Nanotechnology
Pattern recognition
Artificial intelligence

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 1558 KiB

Open AccessArticle

CO₂ and O₂ Detection by Electric Field Sensors

by Marco Santonico, Alessandro Zompanti, Anna Sabatini, Luca Vollero, Simone Grasso, Carlo Di Mezza and Giorgio Pennazza

Sensors 2020, 20(3), 668; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030668 - 25 Jan 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4251

Abstract

In this work an array of chemical sensors for gas detection has been developed, starting with a commercial sensor platform developed by Microchip (GestIC), which is normally used to detect, trace, and classify hand movements in space. The system is based on electric field changes, and in this work, it has been used as mechanism revealing the adsorption of chemical species CO₂ and O₂. The system is composed of five electrodes, and their responses were obtained by interfacing the sensors with an acquisition board based on an ATMEGA 328 microprocessor (Atmel MEGA AVR microcontroller). A dedicated measurement chamber was designed and prototyped in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) using an Ultimaker3 3D printer. The measurement cell size is 120 × 85 mm. Anthocyanins (red rose) were used as a sensing material in order to functionalize the sensor surface. The sensor was calibrated using different concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide, ranging from 5% to 25%, mixed with water vapor in the range from 50% to 90%. The sensor exhibits good repeatability for CO₂ concentrations. To better understand the sensor response characteristics, sensitivity and resolution were calculated from the response curves at different working points. The sensitivity is in the order of magnitude of tens to hundreds of µV/% for CO₂, and of µV/% in the case of O₂. The resolution is in the range of 10⁻¹%–10⁻³% for CO₂, and it is around 10⁻¹% for O₂. The system could be specialized for different fields, for environmental, medical, and food applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multisensor Arrays for Environmental Monitoring)

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14 pages, 2548 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gas Sensing Properties of Perovskite Decorated Graphene at Room Temperature

by Juan Casanova-Cháfer, Rocío García-Aboal, Pedro Atienzar and Eduard Llobet

Sensors 2019, 19(20), 4563; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19204563 - 20 Oct 2019

Cited by 36 | Viewed by 5964

Abstract

This paper explores the gas sensing properties of graphene nanolayers decorated with lead halide perovskite (CH₃NH₃PbBr₃) nanocrystals to detect toxic gases such as ammonia (NH₃) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). A chemical-sensitive semiconductor film based on graphene has been achieved, being decorated with CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ perovskite (MAPbBr₃) nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized, and characterized by several techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Reversible responses were obtained towards NO₂ and NH₃ at room temperature, demonstrating an enhanced sensitivity when the graphene is decorated by MAPbBr₃ NCs. Furthermore, the effect of ambient moisture was extensively studied, showing that the use of perovskite NCs in gas sensors can become a promising alternative to other gas sensitive materials, due to the protective character of graphene, resulting from its high hydrophobicity. Besides, a gas sensing mechanism is proposed to understand the effects of MAPbBr₃ sensing properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multisensor Arrays for Environmental Monitoring)

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13 pages, 3584 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Multisensor Array Based on Grown-On-Chip Zinc Oxide Nanorod Network for Selective Discrimination of Alcohol Vapors at Sub-ppm Range

by Anton Bobkov, Alexey Varezhnikov, Ilya Plugin, Fedor S. Fedorov, Vanessa Trouillet, Udo Geckle, Martin Sommer, Vladimir Goffman, Vyacheslav Moshnikov and Victor Sysoev

Sensors 2019, 19(19), 4265; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194265 - 1 Oct 2019

Cited by 36 | Viewed by 4042

Abstract

We discuss the fabrication of gas-analytical multisensor arrays based on ZnO nanorods grown via a hydrothermal route directly on a multielectrode chip. The protocol to deposit the nanorods over the chip includes the primary formation of ZnO nano-clusters over the surface and secondly the oxide hydrothermal growth in a solution that facilitates the appearance of ZnO nanorods in the high aspect ratio which comprise a network. We have tested the proof-of-concept prototype of the ZnO nanorod network-based chip heated up to 400 °C versus three alcohol vapors, ethanol, isopropanol and butanol, at approx. 0.2–5 ppm concentrations when mixed with dry air. The results indicate that the developed chip is highly sensitive to these analytes with a detection limit down to the sub-ppm range. Due to the pristine differences in ZnO nanorod network density the chip yields a vector signal which enables the discrimination of various alcohols at a reasonable degree via processing by linear discriminant analysis even at a sub-ppm concentration range suitable for practical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multisensor Arrays for Environmental Monitoring)

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Review

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22 pages, 1958 KiB

Open AccessReview

Application of Electrochemical Aptasensors toward Clinical Diagnostics, Food, and Environmental Monitoring: Review

by Zhanhong Li, Mona A. Mohamed, A. M. Vinu Mohan, Zhigang Zhu, Vinay Sharma, Geetesh K. Mishra and Rupesh K. Mishra

Sensors 2019, 19(24), 5435; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19245435 - 10 Dec 2019

Cited by 76 | Viewed by 6050

Abstract

Aptamers are synthetic bio-receptors of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) origin selected by the systematic evolution of ligands (SELEX) process that bind a broad range of target analytes with high affinity and specificity. So far, electrochemical biosensors have come up as a simple and sensitive method to utilize aptamers as a bio-recognition element. Numerous aptamer based sensors have been developed for clinical diagnostics, food, and environmental monitoring and several other applications are under development. Aptasensors are capable of extending the limits of current analytical techniques in clinical diagnostics, food, and environmental sample analysis. However, the potential applications of aptamer based electrochemical biosensors are unlimited; current applications are observed in the areas of food toxins, clinical biomarkers, and pesticide detection. This review attempts to enumerate the most representative examples of research progress in aptamer based electrochemical biosensing principles that have been developed in recent years. Additionally, this account will discuss various current developments on aptamer-based sensors toward heavy metal detection, for various cardiac biomarkers, antibiotics detection, and also on how the aptamers can be deployed to couple with antibody-based assays as a hybrid sensing platform. Aptamers can be used in various applications, however, this account will focus on the recent advancements made toward food, environmental, and clinical diagnostic application. This review paper compares various electrochemical aptamer based sensor detection strategies that have been applied so far and used as a state of the art. As illustrated in the literature, aptamers have been utilized extensively for environmental, cancer biomarker, biomedical application, and antibiotic detection and thus have been extensively discussed in this article. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multisensor Arrays for Environmental Monitoring)

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22 pages, 1455 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review on Smart Gas Sensing Technology

by Shaobin Feng, Fadi Farha, Qingjuan Li, Yueliang Wan, Yang Xu, Tao Zhang and Huansheng Ning

Sensors 2019, 19(17), 3760; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19173760 - 30 Aug 2019

Cited by 189 | Viewed by 14530

Abstract

With the development of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology, the applications of gas sensors in the fields of smart homes, wearable devices, and smart mobile terminals have developed by leaps and bounds. In such complex sensing scenarios, the gas sensor shows the defects of cross sensitivity and low selectivity. Therefore, smart gas sensing methods have been proposed to address these issues by adding sensor arrays, signal processing, and machine learning techniques to traditional gas sensing technologies. This review introduces the reader to the overall framework of smart gas sensing technology, including three key points; gas sensor arrays made of different materials, signal processing for drift compensation and feature extraction, and gas pattern recognition including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and other techniques. The implementation, evaluation, and comparison of the proposed solutions in each step have been summarized covering most of the relevant recently published studies. This review also highlights the challenges facing smart gas sensing technology represented by repeatability and reusability, circuit integration and miniaturization, and real-time sensing. Besides, the proposed solutions, which show the future directions of smart gas sensing, are explored. Finally, the recommendations for smart gas sensing based on brain-like sensing are provided in this paper. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multisensor Arrays for Environmental Monitoring)

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