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Remote Sensing of Climate Change Effect on Surface Water Temperature in Lakes and Sea Areas

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Biogeosciences Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2023) | Viewed by 6894

Special Issue Editor

Department of Geophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
Interests: trends of atmospheric aerosols using satellite data and ground-based measurements; modeling and forecast of desert dust and sea-salt aerosols; lake remote sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is well known that, in recent decades, global atmospheric warming has been observed. This air warming in the overlying atmosphere can be reflected in the surface water temperature of lakes and seas. As a consequence of the air being in contact with the surface of water bodies, the air–water interaction affects the dynamics and thermodynamics of the air and water boundary layers. Some other atmospheric factors, such as solar radiation, cloudiness, winds, and evaporation, as well as their trends, could affect surface water temperature and its trends.

In recent years, our planet has experienced some of the warmest air temperatures ever recorded, accompanied by record-breaking weather extremes such as powerful storms, severe flooding and droughts, and huge wildfires. Therefore, the sensitivity of surface water temperature and its trends in lakes and sea areas requires comprehensive investigation.

Lakes in arid regions characterized by droughts and infrequent rainfall are particularly sensitive to climatic changes. The above-mentioned changes are accompanied by increased evaporation and decreased rates of inflow water. This affects lake water temperature and lake shrinkage. Climate changes contribute to the fact that many of the world's lakes located in arid regions are shrinking at alarming rates.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present studies using state-of-the-art approaches to comprehensively investigate surface temperature trends in lakes and sea areas. These approaches might be based on spatially resolved temperature remote sensing observations, in situ measurements, and model results.

Dr. Pavel Kishcha
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • surface water temperature
  • lakes and sea areas
  • water temperature trends
  • atmospheric warming
  • remote sensing
  • satellite temperature observations

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 6147 KiB  
Article
Impact of a Severe Dust Event on Diurnal Behavior of Surface Water Temperature in Subtropical Lake Kinneret
by Pavel Kishcha, Yury Lechinsky and Boris Starobinets
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(22), 5297; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225297 - 9 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1410
Abstract
Dust impact on lake surface water temperature (SWT) over lakes, located in the Eastern Mediterranean, has not yet been discussed in previous publications. We investigated the effect of an extreme dust intrusion on the diurnal behavior of SWT in Lake Kinneret, appearing from [...] Read more.
Dust impact on lake surface water temperature (SWT) over lakes, located in the Eastern Mediterranean, has not yet been discussed in previous publications. We investigated the effect of an extreme dust intrusion on the diurnal behavior of SWT in Lake Kinneret, appearing from 7–9 September 2015. This was carried out using METEOSAT and in-situ observations of SWT. In the presence of dust, METEOSAT SWT decreased along with increasing dust pollution both in the daytime and nighttime. This contradicted in-situ measurements of SWT at a depth of 20 cm which increased to 1.2 °C in the daytime and to 1 °C in the nighttime, compared to SWT on clear-sky September 6. The in-situ radiometer measurements of upwelling longwave radiation (ULWR) provided us with a criterion for assessing the reliability of METEOSAT and in-situ observations of SWT. Using this criterion, we found that, in the presence of dust, in-situ SWT was in line, whereas METEOSAT SWT contradicted in-situ ULWR. Considering in-situ ULWR is determined by actual SWT, we concluded that, in the presence of dust, in-situ SWT were capable of reproducing Kinneret SWT, while METEOSAT was incapable of doing so. An observed increase in daytime air temperature during the dust intrusion contributed to an increase in daytime Kinneret SWT. In the presence of maximal dust pollution on September 8, atmospheric humidity (ρv) exceeded by 30% that on clear-sky September 6. This increase in ρv was observed in the absence of moisture advection indicating that dust intrusion can cause additional evaporation from Lake Kinneret and, consequently, intensify its drying up. Full article
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10 pages, 8966 KiB  
Communication
Satellite-Observed Spatial and Temporal Sea Surface Temperature Trends of the Baltic Sea between 1982 and 2021
by Sadegh Jamali, Arsalan Ghorbanian and Abdulhakim M. Abdi
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(1), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010102 - 24 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2300
Abstract
The Baltic Sea is one of the fastest-warming marginal seas globally, and its temperature rise has adversely affected its physical and biochemical characteristics. In this study, forty years (1982–2021) of sea surface temperature (SST) data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) [...] Read more.
The Baltic Sea is one of the fastest-warming marginal seas globally, and its temperature rise has adversely affected its physical and biochemical characteristics. In this study, forty years (1982–2021) of sea surface temperature (SST) data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) were used to investigate spatial and temporal SST variability of the Baltic Sea. To this end, annual maximum and minimum SST stacked series, i.e., time series of stacked layers of satellite data, were generated using high-quality observations acquired at night and were fed to an automatic algorithm to detect linear and non-linear trend patterns. The linear trend pattern was the dominant trend type in both stacked series, while more pixels with non-linear trend patterns were detected when using the annual minimum SST. However, both stacked series showed increases in SST across the Baltic Sea. Annual maximum SST increased by an average of 0.062 ± 0.041 °C per year between 1982 and 2021, while annual minimum SST increased by an average of 0.035 ± 0.017 °C per year over the same period. Averaging annual maximum and minimum trends produces a spatial average of 0.048 ± 0.022 °C rise in SST per year over the last four decades. Full article
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21 pages, 9369 KiB  
Article
Cooling by Cyprus Lows of Surface and Epilimnion Water in Subtropical Lake Kinneret in Rainy Seasons
by Pavel Kishcha, Yury Lechinsky and Boris Starobinets
Remote Sens. 2022, 14(19), 4709; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194709 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2574
Abstract
Comparison between high-precipitation (HP) years and low-precipitation (LP) years led to our main findings which are as follows: Cyprus lows are instrumental in the cooling of surface and epilimnion water in subtropical Lake Kinneret and in the cooling of eastern Mediterranean surface water. [...] Read more.
Comparison between high-precipitation (HP) years and low-precipitation (LP) years led to our main findings which are as follows: Cyprus lows are instrumental in the cooling of surface and epilimnion water in subtropical Lake Kinneret and in the cooling of eastern Mediterranean surface water. Cyprus lows are responsible for cold weather, rainfall, and for an increase in cloudiness causing a decrease in solar radiation over the eastern Mediterranean and north Israel (including Lake Kinneret). In the daytime, comparison between HP and LP years of Kinneret surface water temperature (SWT) and epilimnion water temperature (WT) showed water cooling of up to 2 °C in HP years. This study was carried out using the 21-year period of satellite and in-situ data: (1) MODIS 1 km × 1 km resolution records of SWT, in (2) shipboard measurements of WT vertical profiles down to a depth of ~40 m (2000–2020). We found that a decrease in solar radiation caused by Cyprus lows (due to an increase in cloudiness) was the main factor contributing to Kinneret water cooling. In winter (December–January) when solar radiation (SR) was minimal, no water cooling was observed: the WT difference between HP and LP years was insignificant. However, in spring (March–April) when SR increased and became the main factor contributing to water heating, water cooling was observed: SWT and epilimnion WT, averaged over the HP years, was lower by ~2 °C and ~1.4 °C, respectively, than SWT and epilimnion WT, averaged over the LP years. Not only was water cooling observed in Lake Kinneret, but also in eastern Mediterranean surface water. Comparison of SWT over the eastern Mediterranean between the same HP and LP years in spring showed SWT cooling by ~1.2 °C. This is evidence of the regional character of the daytime water-cooling phenomenon caused by Cyprus lows. Full article
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