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Remote Sensing and Geophysical Tools for Land and Water System Analysis

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Dear Colleagues,

Remote sensing and geophysical tools have revolutionized the way land and water systems are studied, offering unprecedented insights into the Earth’s surface and subsurface. These technologies provide critical data for monitoring natural resources, assessing environmental changes, and managing ecosystems. With growing global challenges such as climate change, water scarcity, and land degradation, the integration of remote sensing with geophysical methods is vital for sustainable resource management. The ability to observe, model, and predict interactions between land and water systems is essential for addressing pressing ecological, agricultural, and urban challenges.

This Special Issue seeks to highlight cutting-edge research in remote sensing and geophysical tools for analyzing land and water systems. The aim is to explore innovative approaches, methodologies, and applications that advance understanding of these systems and their interactions. The topic aligns closely with the journal's scope, focusing on interdisciplinary studies that bridge geosciences, environmental sciences, and engineering. By emphasizing advancements in this field, the issue aims to foster new collaborations and provide a platform for the dissemination of transformative research.

Themes for submissions include the following:

Advances in remote sensing technologies for land and water system analysis;
Integration of remote sensing and geophysical methods for subsurface mapping;
Applications in hydrology, soil science, and land-use planning;
Data fusion and modeling approaches in resource management;
Case studies showcasing practical applications in diverse ecosystems.

Article types may include original research, review articles, technical notes, and case studies. Contributions that emphasize innovation, interdisciplinary approaches, or address real-world challenges are particularly encouraged.

Dr. Vivek Agarwal
Prof. Dr. Stuart Marsh
Dr. Anuj Tiwari
Guest Editors

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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20 pages, 3124 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Convergent Approach to Investigate the Environmental Behavior and Importance of a Man-Made Saltwater Wetland

by Luigi Alessandrino, Nicolò Colombani, Alessio Usai and Micòl Mastrocicco

Remote Sens. 2025, 17(12), 2019; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17122019 - 11 Jun 2025

Viewed by 900

Abstract

Mediterranean saline wetlands are significant ecological habitats defined by seasonal water availability and various biological communities, forming a unique ecotone that combines traits of both freshwater and marine environments. Moreover, they are regarded as notable natural and economic resources. Since the sustainable management of protected wetlands necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, the purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive picture of the hydrological, hydrochemical, and ecological dynamics of a man-made groundwater dependent ecosystem (GDE) by combining remote sensing, hydrochemical data, geostatistical tools, and ecological indicators. The study area, called “Le Soglitelle”, is located in the Campania plain (Italy), which is close to the Domitian shoreline, covering a surface of 100 ha. The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), a remote sensing-derived index sensitive to surface water presence, from Sentinel-2 was used to detect changes in the percentage of the wetland inundated area over time. Water samples were collected in four campaigns, and hydrochemical indexes were used to investigate the major hydrochemical seasonal processes occurring in the area. Geostatistical tools, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA), were used to identify the main hydrochemical processes. Moreover, faunal monitoring using waders was employed as an ecological indicator. Seasonal variation in the inundation area ranged from nearly 0% in summer to over 50% in winter, consistent with the severe climatic oscillations indicated by SPEI values. PCA and ICA explained over 78% of the total hydrochemical variability, confirming that the area’s geochemistry is mainly characterized by the saltwater sourced from the artesian wells that feed the wetland. The concentration of the major ions is regulated by two contrasting processes: evapoconcentration in summer and dilution and water mixing (between canals and ponds water) in winter. Cl⁻/Br⁻ molar ratio results corroborated this double seasonal trend. The base exchange index highlighted a salinization pathway for the wetland. Bird monitoring exhibited consistency with hydrochemical monitoring, as the seasonal distribution clearly reflects the dual behaviour of this area, which in turn augmented the biodiversity in this GDE. The integration of remote sensing data, multivariate geostatistical analysis, geochemical tools, and faunal indicators represents a novel interdisciplinary framework for assessing GDE seasonal dynamics, offering practical insights for wetland monitoring and management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing and Geophysical Tools for Land and Water System Analysis)

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