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SAR Imaging and Deep Learning for Sea Target Detection and Maritime Surveillance

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 14 November 2025 | Viewed by 262

Special Issue Editors

School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Interests: Remote sensing; maritime target detection; deep learning

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Guest Editor
Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
Interests: signal and image processing; pattern recognition; remote sensing; information fusion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor Assistant
Southeast University,School of Information Science and Engineering , Nanjing 210096, China
Interests: computational electromagnetics (CEM); information metamaterials and systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the rapid development of marine economic and related activities, maritime target detection and surveillance has become a core requirement for safeguarding marine security, maintaining ecological balance, and promoting resource development. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), with its all-weather, all-day, high-resolution imaging capability, has shown irreplaceable advantages in complex marine environments. However, traditional SAR target detection methods are limited by the limitations of artificial feature design, and it is difficult to cope with the problems of target multi-scale changes, motion behavior, complex background interference, etc. In recent years, breakthroughs in deep learning technology have injected new momentum into SAR image interpretation, significantly improving the detection accuracy and adaptability of maritime targets through treatments such as multi-dimensional domain feature fusion, rotational invariance modeling, and real-time detection architecture optimization. The research in this cross-cutting field not only promotes the intelligent transformation of remote sensing technology but also has far-reaching scientific significance and application value for marine situational awareness, disaster emergency response, and marine safety and security.

This Special Issue aims to report the state of the art on the deep integration of SAR imaging technology and deep learning, which fits the direction of Remote Sensing's focus on cutting-edge technological innovation and interdisciplinary applications, such as SAR imaging mechanism optimization, deep learning model innovation, and multimodal data synergy.

The potential themes include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • SAR imaging and signal processing in marine environments;
  • Electromagnetic scattering modeling in marine environments;
  • Maritime target detection;
  • Deep learning models and algorithms;
  • Marine situational awareness;
  • Multi-source data fusion;
  • Performance evaluation criteria of detection algorithms in complex scenarios.

Dr. Ding Nie
Prof. Dr. Vassilis Anastassopoulos
Guest Editors

Dr. Hui Chen
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • SAR imaging
  • maritime target detection
  • deep learning
  • electromagnetic scattering
  • multi-source data fusion
  • marine situational awareness

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 6668 KiB  
Article
Dark Ship Detection via Optical and SAR Collaboration: An Improved Multi-Feature Association Method Between Remote Sensing Images and AIS Data
by Fan Li, Kun Yu, Chao Yuan, Yichen Tian, Guang Yang, Kai Yin and Youguang Li
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(13), 2201; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17132201 - 26 Jun 2025
Viewed by 169
Abstract
Dark ships, vessels deliberately disabling their AIS signals, constitute a grave maritime safety hazard, with detection efforts hindered by issues like over-reliance on AIS, inadequate surveillance coverage, and significant mismatch rates. This paper proposes an improved multi-feature association method that integrates satellite remote [...] Read more.
Dark ships, vessels deliberately disabling their AIS signals, constitute a grave maritime safety hazard, with detection efforts hindered by issues like over-reliance on AIS, inadequate surveillance coverage, and significant mismatch rates. This paper proposes an improved multi-feature association method that integrates satellite remote sensing and AIS data, with a focus on oriented bounding box course estimation, to improve the detection of dark ships and enhance maritime surveillance. Firstly, the oriented bounding box object detection model (YOLOv11n-OBB) is trained to break through the limitations of horizontal bounding box orientation representation. Secondly, by integrating position, dimensions (length and width), and course characteristics, we devise a joint cost function to evaluate the combined significance of multiple features. Subsequently, an advanced JVC global optimization algorithm is employed to ensure high-precision association in dense scenes. Finally, by integrating data from Gaofen-6 (optical) and Gaofen-3B (SAR) satellites, a day-and-night collaborative monitoring framework is constructed to address the blind spots of single-sensor monitoring during night-time or adverse weather conditions. Our results indicate that the detection model demonstrates a high average precision (AP50) of 0.986 on the optical dataset and 0.903 on the SAR dataset. The association accuracy of the multi-feature association algorithm is 91.74% in optical image and AIS data matching, and 91.33% in SAR image and AIS data matching. The association rate reaches 96.03% (optical) and 74.24% (SAR), respectively. This study provides an efficient technical tool for maritime safety regulation through multi-source data fusion and algorithm innovation. Full article
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