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Geomorphological Mapping and Process Monitoring Using Remote Sensing

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A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 February 2022) | Viewed by 12986

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Dr. Jerry D Davis

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Guest Editor

Department of Geography & Environment, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
Interests: biogeomorphology; meadow restoration and hydrology; geographic information science; remote sensing; drone-based geomorphometry and multispectral imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

While remote sensing at multiple scales has long been a major contributor to geomorphological research, recent enhancements in sources from microsatellites to drone platforms for RGB, multispectral and LiDAR sensors have greatly enhanced our ability to monitor geomorphic change at a range of scales. Repeat imagery at increasingly fine temporal scales also allows us to take measurements of geomorphic processes. Analysis of systems with significant biogeomorphic effects is aided by technologies developed for precision agriculture as organisms respond to varying water tables and positive feedback effects play an important role. This Special Issue welcomes contributions from all areas of geomorphology where remote sensing has played a key role, including those where process detection has been advanced using imagery.

Dr. Jerry D Davis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Geomorphology
Geomorphic processes
Fluvial
Glacial
Biogeomorphology
Photogrammetry

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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18 pages, 3568 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Classification of Geomorphic Units and Their Relevance for Nutrient Retention or Export of a Large Lowland Padma River, Bangladesh: A NDVI Based Approach

by Md Ataul Gani, Johannes van der Kwast, Michael E. McClain, Gretchen Gettel and Kenneth Irvine

Remote Sens. 2022, 14(6), 1481; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061481 - 18 Mar 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3250

Abstract

Geomorphic classification of large rivers identifies morphological patterns, as a foundation for estimating biogeochemical and ecological processes. In order to support the modelling of in-channel nutrient retention or export, the classification of geomorphic units (GUs) was done in the Padma River, Bangladesh, a large and geomorphically-complex lowland river. GUs were classified using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) four times over a year, so as to cover the seasonal variation of water flows. GUs were categorized as primary and secondary channels (C & S); longitudinal bar (L); transverse bar (T); side bar (SB); unvegetated bank (EK); dry channel (ED); island (VI); and water depression (WD). All types of GUs were observed over the four distinct annual seasons, except ED, which was absent during the high flow, monsoon season. Seasonal variation of the surface area of GUs and discharge showed an inverse relation between discharge and exposed surface areas of VI, L, T, and SB. Nutrients mainly enter the river system through water and sediments, and during monsoon, the maximum portion of emergent GUs were submerged. Based on the assumption that nutrient retention is enhanced in the seasonally inundated portions of GUs, nutrient retention-/export-relevant geomorphic units (NREGUs) were identified. Seasonal variation in the area of NREGUs was similar to that of GUs. The mean NDVI values of the main identified NREGUs were different. The variation of NDVI values among seasons in these NREGUs resulted from changes of vegetation cover and type. The variation also occurred due to alteration of the surface area of GUs in different seasons. The changes of vegetation cover indicated by NDVI values across seasons are likely important drivers for biogeochemical and ecological processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geomorphological Mapping and Process Monitoring Using Remote Sensing)

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22 pages, 10765 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards Better Visualisation of Alpine Quaternary Landform Features on High-Resolution Digital Elevation Models

by Andrej Novak and Krištof Oštir

Remote Sens. 2021, 13(21), 4211; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214211 - 20 Oct 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2805

Abstract

Alpine topography is formed by a complex series of geomorphological processes that result in a vast number of different landforms. The youngest and most diverse landforms are various Quaternary sedimentary bodies, each characterised by its unique landform features. The formation of Quaternary sedimentary bodies and their features derive from the dominant building sedimentary processes. In recent years, studies of Quaternary sedimentary bodies and processes have been greatly aided by the use of digital elevation models (DEMs) derived by airborne laser scanning (ALS). High-resolution DEMs allow detailed mapping of sedimentary bodies, detection of surface changes, and recognition of the building sedimentary processes. DEMs are often displayed as hillshaded reliefs, the most common visualisation technique, which suffers from the limitation of a single illumination source. As a result, features can be barely visible or even invisible to the viewer if they are parallel to the light source or hidden in the shadow. These limitations become challenging when representing landforms and subtle landscape features in a diverse alpine topography. In this study, we focus on eleven visualisations of Quaternary sedimentary bodies and their sedimentary and morphological features on a 0.5 m resolution DEM. We qualitatively compare analytical hillshading with a set of visualisation techniques contained in the Raster Visualisation Toolbox software, primarily hillshading from multiple directions RGB, 8-bit sky view factor and 8-bit slope. The aim is to determine which visualisation technique is best suited for visual recognition of sedimentary bodies and sedimentation processes in complex alpine landscapes. Detailed visual examination of previously documented Pleistocene moraine and lacustrine deposits, Holocene alluvial fans, scree deposits, debris flow and fluvial deposits on the created visualisations revealed several small-scale morphological and sedimentary features that were previously difficult or impossible to detect on analytical hillshading and aerial photographs. Hillshading from multiple directions resulted in a visualisation that could be universally applied across the mountainous and hilly terrains. In contrast, 8-bit sky view factor and 8-bit slope visualisations created better visibility and facilitated interpretation of subtle and small-scale (less than ten metres) sedimentary and morphological features. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geomorphological Mapping and Process Monitoring Using Remote Sensing)

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32 pages, 19658 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quantitative Assessment of Riverbed Planform Adjustments, Channelization, and Associated Land Use/Land Cover Changes: The Ingauna Alluvial-Coastal Plain Case (Liguria, Italy)

by Andrea Mandarino, Giacomo Pepe, Andrea Cevasco and Pierluigi Brandolini

Remote Sens. 2021, 13(18), 3775; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183775 - 20 Sep 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3426

Abstract

The active-channel planform adjustments that have occurred along the Centa, lower Arroscia and lower Neva rivers since 1930, along with the riverbed channelization processes and the land-use and land-cover changes in disconnected riverine areas, were investigated through a multitemporal analysis based on remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS). These watercourses flow through the largest Ligurian alluvial-coastal plain in a completely anthropogenic landscape. This research is based on the integrated use of consolidated and innovative metrics for riverbed planform analysis. Specific indices were introduced to assess active-channel lateral migration in relation to the active-channel area abandonment and formation processes. The Arroscia and Neva riverbeds experienced narrowing, progressive stabilization, and braiding phenomena disappearance from 1930 to the early 1970s, and then slight narrowing up to the late 1980s. Subsequently, generalized stability was observed. Conversely, the Centa was not affected by relevant planform changes. Recently, all rivers underwent a slight to very slight width increase triggered by the November 2016 high-magnitude flood. The active-channel adjustments outlined in this paper reflect the relevant role in conditioning the river morphology and dynamics played by channelization works built from the 1920s to the early 1970s. They (i) narrowed, straightened, and stabilized the riverbed and (ii) reduced the floodable surface over the valley-floor. Thus, large disconnected riverine areas were occupied by human activities and infrastructures, resulting in a progressive increase in vulnerable elements exposed to hydrogeomorphic hazards. The outlined morphological dynamics (i) display significant differences in terms of chronology, type, and magnitude of active-channel planform adjustments with respect to the medium- and short-term morphological evolution of most Italian rivers and (ii) reflect the widespread urbanization of Ligurian major valley floors that occurred over the 20th century. The outcomes from this study represent an essential knowledge base from a river management perspective; the novel metrics enlarge the spectrum of available GIS tools for active-channel planform analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geomorphological Mapping and Process Monitoring Using Remote Sensing)

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13 pages, 5576 KiB

Open AccessTechnical Note

Progress in Compact HF Radar Measurement of Bimodal Ocean Wave Parameters

by Belinda Lipa, Maeve Daugharty, Marcel Losekoot and Maria Fernandes

Remote Sens. 2022, 14(11), 2631; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14112631 - 31 May 2022

Viewed by 1972

Abstract

We describe an extension of methods used for the derivation of wave information from compact high frequency radar systems and give examples of observations which are compared to measurements from wave buoys close to the radar coverage area. Previous methods were based on the application of the Pierson–Moskowitz wave energy model in the analysis of radar spectra. We describe the extension of the methods to apply a bimodal ocean wave spectral model which includes two different spectra covering different wave frequencies, e.g., from swell and wind-waves. Results are presented from data sets obtained from radar stations located in the USA and Portugal. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geomorphological Mapping and Process Monitoring Using Remote Sensing)

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