Recent Advances in Extraction of Oil from Heavy Oil, Medium-Low Maturity Shale, and Oil Shale

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 912

Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
Interests: oil and gas seepage theory; unconventional oil reservoirs development; in-situ extraction of underground resources; enhanced oil recovery technology; intelligent oil and gas field development; theory and method of underground carbon storage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor Assistant
College of Petroleum Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
Interests: unconventional oil reservoirs development; medium-low maturity shale; oil and gas seepage theory; fluid phase behavior

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Unconventional oil and gas resources such as heavy oil, medium–low maturity shale oil, and oil shale occupy an increasingly important position in the global energy landscape. These resources possess vast reserves and represent one of the key sources for securing future energy supply. However, due to the characteristics of high viscosity, low permeability, low thermal maturity, and poor fluid mobility, the conversion and exploitation of these resources are confronted with significant challenges, such as high technical complexity, substantial energy consumption, and considerable environmental impact. In recent years, advances in recovery technologies (including thermal recovery, in situ combustion, solvent extraction, electrical heating, injection fluid heating, catalytic in situ upgrading, and integrated hybrid approaches) have opened promising pathways to enhance oil recovery, reduce carbon footprints, and achieve economically viable development.

This Special Issue titled, “Recent Advances in Extraction of Oil from Heavy Oil, Medium-Low Maturity Shale, and Oil Shale”, seeks high-quality works focusing on the use of experiments, modeling, and simulation approaches to promote efficient, clean, and economical extraction of these unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Fundamental mechanistic studies, such as pyrolysis, cracking, solvent extraction, catalytic reactions, and multiphase flow;
  • Kinetic and thermodynamic modeling;
  • Technical research on the efficient development of heavy oil/medium–low maturity shale oil/oil shale;
  • Process simulation and numerical modeling;
  • Optimization and regulation of extraction processes;
  • Energy, economic, and environmental assessment.

Prof. Dr. Chuanjin Yao
Guest Editor

Dr. Baishuo Liu
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heavy oil
  • medium-low maturity shale oil
  • oil shale
  • in-situ conversion
  • extraction
  • reaction
  • modeling
  • simulation
  • optimization

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 7274 KB  
Article
An Intelligent Evaluation Method for Sweet Spots in Deep-Marine Shale Reservoirs Based on Lithofacies Control and Multi-Parameter Driving
by Yi Liu, Jin Wu, Boning Zhang, Chengyong Li, Dongxu Zhang, Tong Wang, Chen Yang, Yi Luo, Ye Gu, Li Zhang, Jing Yang and Kai Tong
Processes 2026, 14(6), 1007; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14061007 - 21 Mar 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 585
Abstract
Deep marine shale reservoirs are controlled by multi-factor coupling effects, and the genetic mechanism of “sweet spots” exhibits strong complexity, leading to prominent difficulties in quantitative prediction and precise evaluation of sweet spots. Aiming at the problems of an unclear lithofacies-controlled sweet spot [...] Read more.
Deep marine shale reservoirs are controlled by multi-factor coupling effects, and the genetic mechanism of “sweet spots” exhibits strong complexity, leading to prominent difficulties in quantitative prediction and precise evaluation of sweet spots. Aiming at the problems of an unclear lithofacies-controlled sweet spot evolution law and insufficient accuracy of multi-parameter quantitative evaluation in traditional evaluation methods, this paper takes the Wufeng Formation and Long1 member of the Longmaxi Formation in the LZ block, Southern Sichuan, as the research object. Innovatively integrating machine learning (ML), grey correlation analysis (GRA), and three-dimensiona (3D) geological modeling technologies, a refined prediction model for reservoir sweet spot evaluation indicators under lithofacies constraint conditions is established, and a multi-parameter fusion quantitative evaluation method for deep marine shale gas sweet spots with high prediction accuracy is proposed. The results demonstrate that the LightGBM-based prediction model for sweet spot evaluation indicators achieved excellent performance. Based on a total of 380 preprocessed samples divided into training and test sets in a 7:3 ratio, the coefficient of determination (R2) of the model exceeded 0.9 in both the test and validation datasets. The “sweetness index”, a comprehensive evaluation index of reservoir sweet spots constructed via GRA-based multi-factor fusion, shows a correlation coefficient of 0.91 with respect to actual gas well production, presenting a high fitting degree. The 3D sweet spot geological model reveals that Class I sweet spots are mainly developed in the 1st to 3rd sub-layers of the Long1 member, while Class II sweet spots are distributed in the 5th and 6th sub-layers, which is highly consistent with the actual development law of the gas field. This study breaks through the limitations of single evaluation methods and weak lithofacies control consideration in traditional sweet spot evaluation and forms a set of innovative technical process integrating “precision prediction—multi-factor fusion—3D characterization”. It provides a new technical approach for efficient and accurate evaluation of deep marine shale reservoir sweet spots and has important guiding significance for the efficient development of shale gas. Full article
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