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Basic, Biological and Therapeutic Processes of Ozone Therapy
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Basic, Biological and Therapeutic Processes of Ozone Therapy

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmaceutical Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 9753

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Gregorio Martínez-Sánchez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
President of the International Scientific Committee of Ozone Therapy (ISCO3), Avenida Juan Andrés 60, local 1 bajo, 28035 Madrid, Spain
Interests: preclinical research (pharmacology and toxicology); clinical research; clinical protocol according to good clinical practice
Dr. Bernadino Clavo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Research Unit, Chronic Pain Unit and Radiation Oncology, Dr. Negrín University Hospital, 35019 Las Palmas, Spain
2. Fundación Canaria del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), 35019 Las Palmas, Spain
3. Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38296 La Laguna, Spain
4. CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
5. Universitary Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Health (IUIBS), Molecular and Translational Pharmacology (BIOPHARM) Group, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
Interests: preclinical and clinical research (ozone therapy, oxidative stress modulation, side-effects of cancer treatment, oncology, radiation therapy, chronic pain)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ozone therapy is a complementary medical treatment that uses an oxygen–ozone mixture. It is part of the techniques of new technologies that complement and facilitate conventional treatments. It is another tool in the medical arsenal of the physician and has to be practiced as a complementary, adjunctive or palliative treatment for various diseases. Ozone therapy is a medical act and should be practiced by medical doctors and implemented with scientific rigor. Currently, in the MedLine (Pub Med) database, there are 3329 papers relating to ozone therapy, of which 251 are clinical trials, 169 randomized controlled trials, 24 systematic reviews, and 18 meta-analysis studies, supporting the use of ozone in medicine.

To succeed in using ozone therapy, it is necessary to produce ozone via a medically reliable and certified generator and follow the right protocol. This is why this Special Issue on “Basic, Biological and Therapeutic Processes of Ozone Therapy” aims to gather outstanding research and a comprehensive coverage of all aspects related to the medical application of ozone, covering clinical reviews (including current status and remaining challenges), protocols, preclinical research and clinical research. 

Topics include but not are limited to:

  • Preclinical research involved in ozone applications;
  • Clinical research, including case reports;
  • Reviews including current status and remaining challenges in ozone therapy;
  • Description of processes or clinical protocols of ozone application following good clinical practice.

Prof. Dr. Gregorio Martínez-Sánchez
Dr. Bernadino Clavo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ozone
  • ozone therapy
  • ozonized oils
  • ozonized water
  • ozonized saline solution
  • ozone infiltrations
  • major auto hemotherapy
  • rectal insufflation of ozone

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 615 KiB  
Article
Intra Articular Ozone Modulates Inflammation and Has Anabolic Effect on Knee Osteoarthritis: IL-6 and IGF-1 as Pro-Inflammatory and Anabolic Biomarkers
by Marcos E. Fernández-Cuadros, Olga S. Pérez-Moro, María J. Albaladejo-Florín, María M. Tobar-Izquierdo, Amelia Magaña-Sánchez, Patricia Jiménez-Cuevas and Javier Rodríguez-de-Cía
Processes 2022, 10(1), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10010138 - 10 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3876
Abstract
Objectives: (1) to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and anabolic effect of Ozone by determining in serum samples the biochemical levels of IL-6 and IGF-1 in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients in a real world rehabilitation setting; (2) to differentiate Ozone effect in diabetic (DM)/obese and [...] Read more.
Objectives: (1) to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and anabolic effect of Ozone by determining in serum samples the biochemical levels of IL-6 and IGF-1 in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients in a real world rehabilitation setting; (2) to differentiate Ozone effect in diabetic (DM)/obese and non-DM/non-obese patients; (3) to evaluate clinical effectiveness by visual analog scale (VAS) and WOMAC scale, and biochemical effect by C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Material and methods: 65 patients with knee OA Kellgren Lawrence (KL) grade 2 or more were analyzed in a retrospective observational study. The study ran from January 2018 to September 2021. Inclusion criteria: (a) patients 18 years or older; (b) with knee OA KL 2° or more; (c) biochemical analysis before-and-after treatment; (d) pain more than 3 on VAS. Exclusion Criteria: (a) previous knee surgery; (b) favism; (c) pregnancy; (d) any other disease that originates lack of collaboration for infiltration. Primary Outcome variables: (a) IL-6; (b) IGF-1 in diabetes mellitus (DM)/obese and non-DM/non-obese patients; both before-and-after Ozone treatment. Secondary Outcome variables: (a) CRP, (b) ESR, (c) uric acid, (d) VAS pain, (e) WOMAC pain, function and stiffness. Ozone protocol consisted of four sessions (once a week) of an intra-articular infiltration of 20 mL (20 µg/mL concentration) of a gas mixture of Oxygen-Ozone 95-5% (produced by Ozone generator Ozonosan-α Plus®). For biochemical evaluation, SNIBE MAGLUMI ™ IL-6 (CLIA) and SNIBE MAGLUMI ™ IGF-1 (CLIA) kits were used. CRP and uric acid were analyzed by a Abbott Alinity c kit; and ESR was evaluated by DIESSE VES MATIC CUBE 30. Results: There is a linear correlation between age and OA severity. IL-6 decreased both in DM and non-DM patients and in all OA KL grades (from 2.70 to 1.59 pg/mL). IGF-1 decreased in total group (OA + DM + obesity) from 112.09 to 107.19 ng/mL. When only non-DM/non-obese knee OA patients were analyzed, Ozone improved IGF-1 levels (from 100.17 to 102.03 ng/mL). Ozone decreased CRP, ESR, uric acid, and improved VAS pain, WOMAC pain, function and stiffness (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Ozone is a valid option for the management of knee osteoarthritis in a real world rehabilitation setting, because of its anti-inflammatory, metabolic and anabolic properties. Ozone tends to downregulate pro-inflammatory IL-6 cytokine. Ozone has a metabolic/hypoglycemic effect on obese/diabetic knee osteoarthritis patients by reducing IGF-1. Ozone has an anabolic effect on non-diabetic/non-obese patients by improving IGF-1. Ozone reduces other biomarkers of inflammation (CRP, ESR and uric acid) and improves, pain, function and quality of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Basic, Biological and Therapeutic Processes of Ozone Therapy)
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12 pages, 2936 KiB  
Article
The Biological Effects of Ozone Gas on Soft and Hard Dental Tissues and the Impact on Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Gingival Keratinocytes
by Alin Daniel Floare, Alexandra Denisa Scurtu, Octavia Iulia Balean, Doina Chioran, Roxana Buzatu, Ruxandra Sava Rosianu, Vlad Tiberiu Alexa, Daniela Jumanca, Laura-Cristina Rusu, Robert Cosmin Racea, Dorina Coricovac, Iulia Pinzaru, Cristina Adriana Dehelean and Atena Galuscan
Processes 2021, 9(11), 1978; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9111978 - 05 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2370
Abstract
Ozone is an allotropic form of oxygen, so in the medical field ozone therapy has special effects. Starting from the premise that bio-oxidative ozone therapy reduces the number of bacteria, in the present study two approaches were proposed: to evaluate the biological effects [...] Read more.
Ozone is an allotropic form of oxygen, so in the medical field ozone therapy has special effects. Starting from the premise that bio-oxidative ozone therapy reduces the number of bacteria, in the present study two approaches were proposed: to evaluate the biological effects of ozone gas on the tooth enamel remineralization process and to demonstrate its impact on the morphology and confluence of human primary gingival cells, namely keratinocytes (PGK) and fibroblasts (HGF). The ozone produced by HealOzone was applied in vivo to 68 M1s (first permanent molars), both maxillary and mandibular, on the occlusal surfaces at pit and fissure. The molars included in the study recorded values between 13 and 24 according to the DIAGNOdent Pen 2190 scale, this being the main inclusion/exclusion criterion for the investigated molars. Because the gas can make contact with primary gingival cells during the ozonation process, both human gingival fibroblasts and keratinocytes were exposed to different doses of ozone (20 s, 40 s, 60 s), and its effects were observed with the Olympus IX73 inverted microscope. The contact of ozone with the human primary gingival cells demonstrates cell sensitivity to the action of ozone, this being higher in fibroblasts compared to keratinocytes, but it is not considered toxic because all the changes are reversible at 48 h after exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Basic, Biological and Therapeutic Processes of Ozone Therapy)
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14 pages, 3929 KiB  
Article
Low Ozone Concentrations Affect the Structural and Functional Features of Jurkat T Cells
by Enrica Cappellozza, Manuela Costanzo, Laura Calderan, Mirco Galiè, Osvaldo Angelini, Gabriele Tabaracci and Manuela Malatesta
Processes 2021, 9(6), 1030; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9061030 - 11 Jun 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2250
Abstract
Autohemotherapy is the most used method to administer O2-O3 systemically. It consists in exposing a limited amount of blood to a gaseous O2-O3 and reinfusing it, thus activating a cascade of biochemical pathways involving plasma and blood [...] Read more.
Autohemotherapy is the most used method to administer O2-O3 systemically. It consists in exposing a limited amount of blood to a gaseous O2-O3 and reinfusing it, thus activating a cascade of biochemical pathways involving plasma and blood cells that gives rise to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. The therapeutic effects strictly depend on the O3 dose; it is therefore necessary to understand the relationship between the O3 concentration and the effects on blood cells involved in antioxidant and immune response. Here we performed a basic study on the effects of the low O3 concentrations used for autohemotherapy on the structural and functional features of the human T-lymphocyte-derived Jurkat cells. Ultrastructural, biomolecular, and bioanalytic techniques were used. Our findings showed that 10, 20, and 30 µg O3 concentrations were able to trigger Nrf2-induced antioxidant response and increase IL-2 secretion. However, viability and proliferation tests as well as ultrastructural observations revealed stress signs after treatment with 20 and 30 µg O3, thus designating 10 µg O3 as the optimal concentration in combining cell safety and efficient antioxidant and immune response in our in vitro system. These data offer novel evidence of the fine regulatory role played by the oxidative stress level in the hormetic response of T lymphocytes to O2-O3 administration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Basic, Biological and Therapeutic Processes of Ozone Therapy)
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