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A Glimpse into Green Chemistry Practices in Academic Laboratories and the Pharmaceutical Industry

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A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2022) | Viewed by 14083

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Diego Gamba-Sánchez

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Guest Editor

Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Bio- and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 No 18A-12 Q:305, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
Interests: catalysis; green solvents; sustainability; alternative energy sources; emerging reagents

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chemical processes in academic laboratories have suffered from incompatibility with industrial applications, mainly because waste production, purification techniques, use of dangerous solvents, alternative sources of energy, and expensive and polluting catalysts, among others, are standard practices in short scales but undesirable in the pharmaceutical industry. Since the declaration of the twelve principles of green chemistry, academics have been working on cleaner and more sustainable processes in laboratories to make them compatible with the pharmaceutical industry. Most importantly, some of those techniques are currently used in the preparation of drugs.

In that context, this Special Issue entitled “A Glimpse into Green Chemistry Practices in Academic Laboratories and the Pharmaceutical Industry” aims to enhance new approaches and developments from academic research with potential industrial applications of green chemistry practices and processes. Indeed, this issue will share recent developments from academic laboratories and link them to the pharmaceutical industry, with the aim of an objective and critical evaluation of those processes and practices. Topics include but are not limited to:

Alternative sources of energy;
Catalysis;
Alternative and green solvents;
Scale-up synthesis and reactions;
Computational investigations oriented to reduce traditional research;
Use of waste materials;
Emerging reagents;
Green chemistry metrics.

Dr. Diego Gamba-Sánchez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

catalysis
green solvents
sustainability
alternative energy sources
emerging reagents

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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7 pages, 629 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reduction of Sulfoxides in Multigram Scale, an Alternative to the Use of Chlorinated Solvents

by Laura Adarve-Cardona and Diego Gamba-Sánchez

Processes 2022, 10(6), 1115; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10061115 - 02 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1521

Abstract

In this manuscript, we describe the use of ethyl vinyl ether/oxalyl chloride as the reducing mixture for sulfoxides. The reaction is based on the high electrophilic character of chlorosulfonium salts, formed in situ by the reaction of oxalyl chloride and the sulfoxide. Thereafter, the nucleophilic vinyl ether acts as a chlorine scavenger, affording the corresponding sulfide. The method is applicable on a big scale and may be applied to highly functionalized sulfoxides. Chromatographic purification is only needed in exceptional cases of unstable substrates, and the final sulfide or the corresponding salt is usually obtained after simple evaporation of volatiles. The sole contaminants of this method are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and small (five-carbon maximum) aldol products, which are formed during the reaction process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Glimpse into Green Chemistry Practices in Academic Laboratories and the Pharmaceutical Industry)

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Graphical abstract

13 pages, 1218 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determination of Gefitinib Using Routine and Greener Stability-Indicating HPTLC Methods: A Comparative Evaluation of Validation Parameters

by Prawez Alam, Faiyaz Shakeel, Wael A. Mahdi, Ahmed I. Foudah, Mohammed H. Alqarni, Tariq M. Aljarba, Sultan Alshehri and Mohammed M. Ghoneim

Processes 2022, 10(4), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10040762 - 13 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1305

Abstract

“High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” methods for gefitinib (GFT) estimation are scarce in the literature. In addition, greener analytical techniques for GFT estimation are also lacking in the literature. Accordingly, an attempt was undertaken to invent and validate a sensitive and greener normal-phase HPTLC method for GFT analysis in commercial tablets in comparison to the routine normal-phase HPTLC method. The greenness index for both methods was assessed using “Analytical GREENness (AGREE)” methodology. GFT detection was carried out using both methods at 332.0 nm. In the 30–700 ng/band and 20–1400 ng/band ranges, the routine and greener HPTLC assays were linear for GFT estimation. The greener HPTLC method was highly sensitive, more accurate, more precise, and more robust than the routine HPTLC assay for GFT estimation. Both methods were able to detect GFT in the presence of its degradation products, suggesting the stability-indicating property of both methods. The assay of GFT in commercial tablets was 92.45% and 99.74% using the routine and greener HPTLC assays, respectively. The AGREE index for routine and greener analytical assays was predicted to be 0.44 and 0.77, respectively, indicating the excellent greenness index of the greener HPTLC assay over the routine HPTLC assay. The greener HPTLC assay is considered superior to the routine HPTLC assay based on these results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Glimpse into Green Chemistry Practices in Academic Laboratories and the Pharmaceutical Industry)

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Review

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26 pages, 11148 KiB

Open AccessReview

Green Chemistry Metrics, A Review

by Joel Martínez, J. Francisco Cortés and René Miranda

Processes 2022, 10(7), 1274; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071274 - 28 Jun 2022

Cited by 43 | Viewed by 7600

Abstract

Attending both the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005–2014) and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, this review is presented, bearing in mind that green chemistry is essential to contribute to sustainability. This work has compiled all the information relating to green chemistry metrics, so that stakeholders can select an appropriate model, under the Green Chemistry Protocol, to evaluate how much green is a process. The review was organized considering the following convenient sections: the mass valuation, the recognition of the human health and environmental impact, metrics using computational programs (software and spreadsheets), and finally global metrics. This review was developed by consulting the principal databases, since the appearance of the first green chemistry textbook in 1998. A massive number of references were attained involving the keywords proposed below, with six languages observed, highlighted by the English language. It is important to emphasize that the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry are conceptual and offer little quantitative information. In addition, almost all the reported metric green propositions do not consider the 12 principles and few papers offer how to obtain an appropriate evaluation about the greenness of a research. In this sense, it is convenient to note that only in the Spanish literature are there two metrics that consider all the principles. Finally, to our knowledge, and after a deep search in the literature, it is the first review that covers the different features of green chemistry: mass, environment/human health. and in some cases, the use of computational programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Glimpse into Green Chemistry Practices in Academic Laboratories and the Pharmaceutical Industry)

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Graphical abstract

22 pages, 10093 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Advancements in Plant-Derived Nanomaterials Research for Biomedical Applications

by Rashmi Trivedi, Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, Mohd Hasan Mujahid, Fahad Khan, Pratibha Pandey, Amit Baran Sharangi, Khursheed Muzammil, Nazim Nasir, Atiq Hassan, Nadiyah M. Alabdallah, Sadaf Anwar, Samra Siddiqui and Mohd Saeed

Processes 2022, 10(2), 338; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10020338 - 10 Feb 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3036

Abstract

Engineering, physics, chemistry, and biology are all involved in nanotechnology, which comprises a wide variety of multidisciplinary scientific field devices. The holistic utilization of metallic nanoparticles in the disciplines of bio-engineering and bio-medicine has attracted a great deal of attention. Medical nanotechnology research can offer immense health benefits for humans. While the advantages of developing nanomaterials have been well documented, it is precisely apparent that there are still some major issues that remain unattended to those need to be resolved immediately so as to ensure that they do not adversely affect living organisms in any manner. The existence of nanoparticles gives them particular value in biology and materials science, as an emerging scientific field, with multiple applications in science and technology, especially with numerous frontiers in the development of new materials. Presented here is a review of recent noteworthy developments regarding plant-derived nanomaterials and their use in the development of medicine and biomedical applications around the world. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Glimpse into Green Chemistry Practices in Academic Laboratories and the Pharmaceutical Industry)

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