Energy Storage Planning, Control, and Dispatch for Grid Dynamic Enhancement

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2025 | Viewed by 1199

Special Issue Editors

College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Interests: energy storage system; optimization problem; cooperative control
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Guest Editor
School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Interests: control of power electronics; DC microgrid; energy storage system

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energy storage as a technology capable of providing timely and safe power–energy output can effectively support the stable operation of novel power systems under normal conditions and enhance resilience under extreme scenarios. However, different types of energy storage systems affect system response speed and cost; different connection points alter system flow distribution, influencing network losses and voltage levels; and different energy storage control methods struggle to cope with the uncertainty of renewable energy output, which generates vast scenarios. How to rationally utilize energy storage technology to enhance grid dynamics is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed.

This Special Issue on "Energy Storage Planning, Control, and Dispatch for Grid Dynamic Enhancement" aims to introduce the latest planning, control, and dispatch technologies of energy storage systems to enhance grid dynamic performance. Topics include, but are not limited to, methods and/or application in the following areas:

  • New energy storage technologies, equipment, and applications;
  • Energy storage technologies and their applications in power grids and renewable energy stations;
  • Technologies for energy storage participation in voltage and frequency regulation of power grids;
  • Integrated source–grid–load–storage modeling and simulation technologies;
  • Integrated source–grid–load–storage planning, design, and operation technologies;
  • Integrated source–grid–load–storage coordinated control technologies.

Dr. Rui Wang
Dr. Wentao Jiang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • energy storage system
  • energy storage optimization and control
  • energy storage dispatch technologies
  • integrated source–grid–load–storage coordinated control
  • grid dynamic enhancement

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5596 KiB  
Article
Constant Power Charging Control Method for Isolated Vehicle-to-Vehicle Energy Transfer Converter
by Litong Zheng, Haoran Zhang, Xiuyu Zhang and Hongwei Li
Processes 2025, 13(7), 1999; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13071999 - 24 Jun 2025
Viewed by 283
Abstract
With the proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) energy transfer has emerged as a critical technology for dynamic energy complementarity. This technology addresses “range anxiety”, thereby supporting carbon neutrality goals through the enhanced utilization of renewable-powered EVs. In order to achieve fast, [...] Read more.
With the proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) energy transfer has emerged as a critical technology for dynamic energy complementarity. This technology addresses “range anxiety”, thereby supporting carbon neutrality goals through the enhanced utilization of renewable-powered EVs. In order to achieve fast, safe V2V charging and improve device portability, it is necessary to optimize the charging mode and simplify the device. Therefore, this paper proposes a hierarchical control strategy for constant power (CP) charging in a V2V device with a dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter topology. First, different from traditional constant voltage (CV) and constant current (CC) charging, a unified nonlinear DAB model integrating CV/CP/CC charging modes is proposed. Furthermore, sensorless current estimation based on finite-time disturbance observers further reduced the size of the device. Finally, a hierarchical control architecture was constructed by combining backstepping control theory, which ensures global stability of multi-stage charging processes through the dynamic adjustment of phase-shift ratios. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology was validated through simulation and hardware-in-the-loop experimental results. Full article
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28 pages, 6345 KiB  
Article
Multimodal Switching Control Strategy for Wide Voltage Range Operation of Three-Phase Dual Active Bridge Converters
by Chenhao Zhao, Chuang Huang, Shaoxu Jiang and Rui Wang
Processes 2025, 13(6), 1921; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061921 - 17 Jun 2025
Viewed by 215
Abstract
In recent years, to achieve “dual carbon” goals, increasing the penetration of renewable energy has become a critical approach in China’s power sector. Power electronic converters play a key role in integrating renewable energy into the power system. Among them, the Dual Active [...] Read more.
In recent years, to achieve “dual carbon” goals, increasing the penetration of renewable energy has become a critical approach in China’s power sector. Power electronic converters play a key role in integrating renewable energy into the power system. Among them, the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter has gained widespread attention due to its merits, such as galvanic isolation, bidirectional power transfer, and soft switching. It has been extensively applied in microgrids, distributed generation, and electric vehicles. However, with the large-scale integration of stochastic renewable sources and uncertain loads into the grid, DAB converters are required to operate over a wider voltage regulation range and under more complex operating conditions. Conventional control strategies often fail to meet these demands due to their limited soft-switching range, restricted optimization capability, and slow dynamic response. To address these issues, this paper proposes a multi-mode switching optimized control strategy for the three-port DAB (3p-DAB) converter. The proposed method aims to broaden the soft-switching range and optimize the operation space, enabling high-power transfer capability while reducing switching and conduction losses. First, to address the issue of the narrow soft-switching range at medium and low power levels, a single-cycle interleaved phase-shift control mode is proposed. Under this control, the three-phase Dual Active Bridge can achieve zero-voltage switching and optimize the minimum current stress, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the converter. Then, in the face of the actual demand for wide voltage regulation of the converter, a standardized global unified minimum current stress optimization scheme based on the virtual phase-shift ratio is proposed. This scheme establishes a unified control structure and a standardized control table, reducing the complexity of the control structure design and the gain expression. Finally, both simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed multi-mode optimized control strategy. Full article
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27 pages, 2165 KiB  
Article
Load Frequency Control via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning and Consistency Model for Diverse Demand-Side Flexible Resources
by Guangzheng Yu, Xiangshuai Li, Tiantian Chen and Jing Liu
Processes 2025, 13(6), 1752; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061752 - 2 Jun 2025
Viewed by 457
Abstract
With the high-proportion integration of renewable energy into the power grid, the fast-response capabilities of demand-side flexible resources (DSFRs), such as electric vehicles (EVs) and thermostatic loads, have become critical for frequency stability. However, the diverse dynamic characteristics of heterogeneous resources lead to [...] Read more.
With the high-proportion integration of renewable energy into the power grid, the fast-response capabilities of demand-side flexible resources (DSFRs), such as electric vehicles (EVs) and thermostatic loads, have become critical for frequency stability. However, the diverse dynamic characteristics of heterogeneous resources lead to high modeling complexity. Traditional reinforcement learning methods, which rely on neural networks to approximate value functions, often suffer from training instability and lack the effective quantification of resource regulation costs. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-agent reinforcement learning frequency control method based on a Consistency Model (CM). This model incorporates power, energy, and first-order inertia characteristics to uniformly characterize the response delays and dynamic behaviors of EVs and air conditioners (ACs), providing a reduced-order analytical foundation for large-scale coordinated control. On this basis, a policy gradient controller is designed. By using projected gradient descent, it ensures that control actions satisfy physical boundaries. A reward function including state deviation penalties and regulation costs is constructed, dynamically adjusting penalty factors according to resource states to achieve priority configuration for frequency regulation. Simulations on the IEEE 39-node system demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms traditional approaches in terms of frequency deviation, algorithm training efficiency, and frequency regulation economy. Full article
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