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Processes
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Advances in Hydrodynamics, Pollution and Bioavailable Transfers
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Advances in Hydrodynamics, Pollution and Bioavailable Transfers

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 2198

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Weijie Wang

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Guest Editor
Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
Interests: basin water environment; vegetation; ecological restoration; migration and transformation of pollutant; environmental fluid mechanics; turbulence
Dr. Guotao Cui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Interests: water management; mountain hydrology; vadose zone; hydrologic modeling; snow
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jiao Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
Interests: basin water environment; vegetation; ecological restoration; migration and transformation of pollutant; environmental fluid mechanics; turbulence
Dr. Mengyang Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Interests: environmental and ecological hydraulics; fluid simulation modeling; vegetation; pollutant transport; environmental processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The ecological restoration of rivers and lakes has become a key focus in global ecosystem rehabilitation efforts. This restoration process requires a comprehensive understanding of various interrelated phenomena, including hydrodynamics, pollutant migration, and the movement of bioavailable materials. Exploring the interactions between these processes and how they collectively influence ecosystem recovery is essential. This Special Issue aims to investigate these interconnected processes and their mechanisms, focusing on the roles of water flow, pollutant transport, and the migration of nutrients and organic matter in aquatic ecosystems. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies on:

  • Hydrodynamic processes in river and lake ecosystems;
  • Pollutant migration and the impact of vegetation in mitigating pollution;
  • Movement of bioavailable materials and their influence on ecosystem restoration;
  • Interaction mechanisms between water flow and pollutant migration;
  • Development and optimization of adsorption materials;
  • Research on sustainability and economics.

Dr. Weijie Wang
Dr. Jiao Zhang
Dr. Mengyang Liu
Dr. Guotao Cui
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ecosystem
  • remediation of environmental pollutants
  • vegetation
  • green infrastructure
  • river
  • lake
  • wastewater

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 8077 KB  
Article
Research on the Flow Structure Characteristics and Stable Zone at Diversions in Irrigation Areas
by Runzhi Hu, Yanfang Zhao, Fengcong Jia, Yu Han and Wenzheng Zhang
Processes 2025, 13(10), 3137; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103137 - 30 Sep 2025
Viewed by 410
Abstract
Flow dynamics were characterized and stable zones in diversions were quantified using physical modeling, in situ experiments, and 3D numerical simulations. ADV (1 cm spatial resolution) and water-level probes (0.01 cm spatial resolution) were used in the physical experiments in a rectangular channel. [...] Read more.
Flow dynamics were characterized and stable zones in diversions were quantified using physical modeling, in situ experiments, and 3D numerical simulations. ADV (1 cm spatial resolution) and water-level probes (0.01 cm spatial resolution) were used in the physical experiments in a rectangular channel. ADCP (resolution of 50 cm) was employed for in situ validation at a northern China hub. Numerical simulations using ANSYS 2022R2 Fluent software with RNG k-ε and VOF showed little error (<15%) compared to the experiments. The results quantified the diversion zone into four sub-regions: acceleration (length 0.8–1.2 h); stabilization (1.2–3.5 h); diffusion deceleration (3.5–5.0 h); and stagnation (localized eddies, diameter 0.3–0.8 d). The stable zone length was dominantly controlled by the nonlinear coupling of geometric (Bs/Bm, 42%) and hydraulic (Fr, 28%) parameters. Upstream and downstream stable zone empirical models showed high accuracy (R2 = 0.83 and 0.76, p < 0.01), with an average relative error <15%. Based on the proposed zoning principles and flow characteristics, measurement facilities in the irrigation area are presented. These tools enhance irrigation diversion design and management for improved water efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hydrodynamics, Pollution and Bioavailable Transfers)
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16 pages, 7225 KB  
Article
A Holistic Assessment of Water Quality in the Lake and Rivers of Lake Chaohu Basin, China
by Aiping Huang, Xiaobo Liu, Fei Dong, Wenqi Peng, Xiaochen Yang, Bing Ma, Yang Lei, Weihao Wang and Zhuowei Wang
Processes 2025, 13(10), 3125; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103125 - 29 Sep 2025
Viewed by 400
Abstract
The Lake Chaohu Basin (LCB) represents a focal point for water pollution control in China, and its water quality status has drawn substantial attention. We conducted a holistic assessment of water quality using the water quality index (WQI) in the LCB based on [...] Read more.
The Lake Chaohu Basin (LCB) represents a focal point for water pollution control in China, and its water quality status has drawn substantial attention. We conducted a holistic assessment of water quality using the water quality index (WQI) in the LCB based on monthly measurements of 13 water quality parameters at 16 stations during 2016–2020. We observed a general upward trend in the annual average WQI for Lake Chaohu, suggesting an improvement in water quality. A notable shift in the spatial pattern of water quality was observed. The annual average WQI for inflowing rivers also exhibited an overall upward trend. The WQIs of the lake and inflowing rivers, particularly in the western lake, exhibited a significant positive correlation, suggesting that the water quality of the inflowing rivers is a crucial factor influencing the water quality of Lake Chaohu. The crucial water quality parameters influencing the WQI of the LCB included ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, and permanganate index, which were used to construct a minimum WQI (WQImin). The WQImin showed outstanding performance in the LCB. The findings of this study could deepen the understanding of water quality patterns and the response of lake water quality to inflowing river water quality within lake-type basins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hydrodynamics, Pollution and Bioavailable Transfers)
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17 pages, 2659 KB  
Article
Experimental Study on the Distribution of Boundary Shear Stress at an Overfall
by Zhangxin Qi, Zenghui Wang, Yue Pan and Pengbo Chu
Processes 2025, 13(8), 2652; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082652 - 21 Aug 2025
Viewed by 463
Abstract
Overfall flow, characterized by high Froude numbers and intense turbulence, generates boundary shear stress on vertical surfaces, which is considered the direct cause of headcut erosion. This study aims to analyze the hydraulic characteristics of nappe flow over a vertical or near-vertical overfall. [...] Read more.
Overfall flow, characterized by high Froude numbers and intense turbulence, generates boundary shear stress on vertical surfaces, which is considered the direct cause of headcut erosion. This study aims to analyze the hydraulic characteristics of nappe flow over a vertical or near-vertical overfall. Detailed experiments using hot-film anemometry were conducted in an indoor flume to examine the shear stress distribution on vertical surfaces under varying flow rates, overfall heights, and backwater depths. The results show that when the jet dynamic pressure head is less than the backwater depth, the dimensionless relative shear stress and relative depth relationship can be fitted with a beta probability density function. When the dynamic pressure head exceeds the backwater depth, the distribution follows a cubic polynomial form. Dimensional analysis and flow trajectory calculation methods were used to establish shear stress distribution formulas, with determination coefficients of 0.829 and 0.652, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between the measured and predicted values being 0.106 and 0.081, respectively. The findings provide valuable insights into the effects of complex flow structures on shear stress and offer essential support for the development of scour models for overfall structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hydrodynamics, Pollution and Bioavailable Transfers)
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20 pages, 2352 KB  
Article
Dynamic Interaction Mechanism Between Periphytic Algae and Flow in Open Channels
by Ming-Yang Xu, Wei-Jie Wang, Fei Dong, Yu Han, Jun-Li Yu, Feng-Cong Jia and Cai-Ling Zheng
Processes 2025, 13(8), 2551; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082551 - 13 Aug 2025
Viewed by 602
Abstract
Periphytic algae, as representative aquatic epiphytic communities, play a vital role in the material cycling and energy flow in rivers. Through physiological processes such as photosynthetic carbon fixation and nutrient absorption, they perform essential ecological functions in water self-purification, maintenance of primary productivity, [...] Read more.
Periphytic algae, as representative aquatic epiphytic communities, play a vital role in the material cycling and energy flow in rivers. Through physiological processes such as photosynthetic carbon fixation and nutrient absorption, they perform essential ecological functions in water self-purification, maintenance of primary productivity, and microhabitat formation. This study investigates the interaction mechanisms between these highly flexible organisms and the hydrodynamic environment, thereby addressing the limitations of traditional hydraulic theories developed for rigid vegetation. By incorporating the coupled effects of biological flexibility and water flow, an innovative nonlinear resistance model with velocity-dependent response is developed. Building upon this model, a coupled governing equation that integrates water flow dynamics, periphytic algae morphology, and layered Reynolds stress is formulated. An analytical solution for the vertical velocity distribution is subsequently derived using analytical methods. Through Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements conducted under varying flow velocity conditions in an experimental tank, followed by comprehensive error analysis, the accuracy and applicability of the model were verified. The results demonstrate strong agreement between predicted and measured values, with the coefficient of determination R2 greater than 0.94, thereby highlighting the model’s predictive capacity in capturing flow velocity distributions influenced by periphytic algae. The findings provide theoretical support for advancing the understanding of ecological hydrodynamics and establish mechanical and theoretical foundations for river water environment management and vegetation restoration. Future research will build upon the established nonlinear resistance model to investigate the dynamic coupling mechanisms between multi-species periphytic algae communities and turbulence-induced pulsations, aiming to enhance the predictive modelling of biotic–hydrodynamic feedback processes in aquatic ecosystems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hydrodynamics, Pollution and Bioavailable Transfers)
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