Advances in Fluid Flow and Transport Processes for Energy and Environmental Systems

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 1120

Editors

College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
Interests: multiphase flow; heat transfer; mass transfer; dissolution; carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS); porous media; fuel cells; hydrogen energy; marine new energy; shipboard carbon capture; shipboard hydrogen systems; thermal management; thermal interface materials
College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
Interests: two-phase flow; interfacial transport; nuclear; heat transfer; energy storage
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Guest Editor
College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
Interests: heat transfer enhancement; compact heat exchanger; reforming for hydrogen production; phase change heat transfer; thermal management; waste heat recovery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fluid flow and transport processes are fundamental to the analysis, design, and optimization of modern energy and environmental systems. Across a broad range of applications, system performance is governed by momentum transfer, heat transfer, mass transfer, single-phase and two-phase flow, interfacial transport, phase change, reactive transport, and coupled thermal-fluid behaviors. These issues arise in carbon capture, utilization, and storage, hydrogen production and utilization, compact heat exchangers, thermal management systems, waste heat recovery, energy storage technologies, nuclear and advanced energy systems, marine energy systems, and related environmental processes.

In this Special Issue, “Advances in Fluid Flow and Transport Processes for Energy and Environmental Systems”, we aim to publish high-quality original research and review articles on the fundamental mechanisms, modeling methods, and engineering applications of fluid-flow-related and transport-related processes in energy and environmental fields. Contributions may be theoretical, experimental, numerical, or data-driven, provided that fluid flow, transport behavior, interfacial phenomena, or thermal-fluid processes form a central part of the study.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following.

(1) Fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer in energy and environmental systems.

(2) Single-phase flow, two-phase flow, and interfacial transport.

(3) Phase change heat transfer and thermal energy storage.

(4) Reactive transport and coupled thermal-fluid processes.

(5) Computational fluid dynamics, multiphysics simulation, and reduced-order modeling.

(6) Transport in porous, heterogeneous, and fractured media.

(7) Compact heat exchangers, enhanced heat transfer, and thermal management.

(8) Hydrogen production, reforming, fuel cells, and related flow and transport processes.

(9) Waste heat recovery, process thermal integration, and energy-efficient thermal-fluid processes.

(10) Fluid flow and transport processes in nuclear, marine, and advanced energy systems.

(11) Carbon capture, utilization, and storage, subsurface flow, and environmental transport processes.

(12) Industrial and environmental applications in which fluid flow or transport mechanisms govern process performance.

This Special Issue seeks to bring together contributions that advance the understanding and application of fluid flow and transport processes across diverse energy and environmental technologies.

Dr. Bohao Wu
Dr. Xiu Xiao
Dr. Yantao Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • energy storage
  • fluid modeling
  • two-phase flow
  • interfacial transport
  • heat and mass transfer
  • phase change
  • compact heat exchangers
  • thermal management
  • hydrogen reforming
  • carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS)

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 5008 KB  
Article
A Comparative Study of a Single-Phase Immersion-Cooled Server with a Pin-Fin Heat Sink for Mitigation of the Flow Bypass Effect
by Shau-Wai Cheng, Yong-Dong Zhang, Li-Hung Chien and Chi-Chuan Wang
Processes 2026, 14(13), 2209; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132209 - 6 Jul 2026
Viewed by 464
Abstract
Single-phase oil immersion is a promising alternative to air cooling for high-power servers, but the high viscosity of dielectric fluids amplifies the bypass flow around the CPU heat sink via the adjacent random-access memory (RAM) channels, degrading thermal performance. A simplified hydraulic-thermal analysis [...] Read more.
Single-phase oil immersion is a promising alternative to air cooling for high-power servers, but the high viscosity of dielectric fluids amplifies the bypass flow around the CPU heat sink via the adjacent random-access memory (RAM) channels, degrading thermal performance. A simplified hydraulic-thermal analysis shows that this bypass penalty cannot be eliminated by reducing the fin pitch of a rectangular-fin heat sink alone. A staggered pin-fin heat sink is therefore proposed, with pin diameter D, longitudinal pitch Sd, and transverse pitch St optimized by three-dimensional CFD using PAO-6. The optimum geometry is D = 2.8 mm, St = 6 mm, Sd = 8.45 mm. The heat sink is fabricated and tested in a commercial server at oil inlet temperatures of 30–45 °C and flow rates of 3–6 LPM. At 3 LPM, the pin-fin immersion server reduces the CPU thermal resistance by 22.29% relative to a rectangular-fin immersion server using the same oil, and by 38.37% relative to an air-cooled server. The partial Power Usage Effectiveness (pPUE) reaches 1.015, an 88.09% improvement over the air-cooled baseline (pPUE = 1.126), confirming that pin-fin geometries effectively mitigate the bypass penalty in single-phase oil immersion cooling. Full article
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19 pages, 5450 KB  
Article
RP5 Aviation Fuel Scrubbing Inerting: A CFD Study on Gas–Liquid Mass Transfer Using Mixed Inert Gas
by Chaoyue Li, Qikang Xiao, Yutao Zhang, Sha Liu and Guannan Liu
Processes 2026, 14(10), 1537; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14101537 - 9 May 2026
Viewed by 356
Abstract
Modern aircraft fuel tank explosion protection relies critically on inerting efficiency. This study presents and investigates a novel scrubbing deoxygenation strategy utilizing mixed inert gas (MIG) generated by oxygen-consuming inerting systems for high-vapor-pressure RP5 aviation fuel. A high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical [...] Read more.
Modern aircraft fuel tank explosion protection relies critically on inerting efficiency. This study presents and investigates a novel scrubbing deoxygenation strategy utilizing mixed inert gas (MIG) generated by oxygen-consuming inerting systems for high-vapor-pressure RP5 aviation fuel. A high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical framework was established using the Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid model coupled with Higbie’s penetration theory, with experimental validation ensuring computational accuracy (maximum errors for ullage oxygen concentration and dissolved oxygen in fuel controlled within 4.11% and 5.23%, respectively). The research systematically elucidates the influence mechanisms of bubble diameter, MIG temperature, and superficial gas velocity on mass transfer characteristics (oxygen mass transfer coefficient and volumetric mass transfer coefficient). Key findings reveal that reducing bubble diameter achieves localized polarization of mass transfer intensity in the central plume region through an “area-velocity” synergistic effect, with the oxygen volumetric mass transfer coefficient at 1.0 mm diameter increasing by 51.3% compared to 2.5 mm. The performance enhancement from superficial gas velocity primarily stems from the “area multiplication effect” triggered by surging gas holdup. Notably, MIG temperature exhibits a unique three-stage reversal characteristic of “kinetically dominated early stage, thermodynamically controlled late stage” on deoxygenation performance. These results provide critical physical foundations for the forward design of next-generation multifunctional onboard inerting systems. Full article
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