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Latest Review Papers in Plasma Science 2023
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Latest Review Papers in Plasma Science 2023

A special issue of Plasma (ISSN 2571-6182).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 24405

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Andrey Starikovskiy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Interests: nonequilibrium plasma; pulsed discharges; plasmachemistry; combustion; detonation waves; shock waves; plasma aerodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to collect high quality review papers in all the fields of Plasma Science. We encourage scholars from related fields to contribute review papers highlighting the latest developments in plasma science and its applications, or to invite relevant experts and colleagues to do so.

The scope of this collection includes but is not limited to:

  • Atmospheric pressure plasma;
  • Dusty plasma;
  • Electron, ion, and plasma sources;
  • Low-temperature plasma;
  • Plasma diagnostics;
  • Plasma dynamics;
  • Plasma theory and modelling;
  • Atomic and molecular processes in plasmas;
  • Collision cross-sections;
  • Fundamentals of low-temperature plasmas;
  • Fundamentals of high-temperature plasmas;
  • Plasma–surface interactions;
  • Catalytic reactions with plasmas;
  • Plasma sources design and characterization;
  • Modelling and numerical simulations of plasmas;
  • Atmospheric/high-pressure plasmas;
  • Plasmas in contact with surfaces;
  • Plasmas in liquids/plasma–liquid interaction;
  • Plasma processing of materials, including etching and deposition;
  • Plasma-deposited protective and tribological coatings;
  • Plasma-deposited coatings for optical, electronical and other functionalities;
  • Plasma application for nanotechnologies;
  • Plasma application for biology, medicine, and agriculture;
  • Plasma application for aerospace;
  • Plasma application for energy;
  • Plasma application for environmental issues and resource recovery.

Prof. Dr. Andrey Starikovskiy
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plasma is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Review

20 pages, 6436 KiB  
Review
Advanced Diagnostics of Electrons Escaping from Laser-Produced Plasma
by Josef Krása, Michal Krupka, Shubham Agarwal, Vincenzo Nassisi and Sushil Singh
Plasma 2024, 7(2), 366-385; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma7020021 - 13 May 2024
Viewed by 1228
Abstract
This article provides an up-to-date overview of the problems associated with the detection of hot electrons escaping from laser-produced plasma and corresponding return current flowing from the ground to the target, which neutralises the positive charge occurring on the target due to the [...] Read more.
This article provides an up-to-date overview of the problems associated with the detection of hot electrons escaping from laser-produced plasma and corresponding return current flowing from the ground to the target, which neutralises the positive charge occurring on the target due to the escaped electrons. In addition, the target holder system acts as an antenna emitting an electromagnetic pulse (EMP), which is powered by the return target. If the amount of positive charge generated on the target is equal to the amount of charge carried away from the plasma by the escaping electrons, the measurement of the return current makes it possible to determine this charge, and thus also the number of escaped electrons. Methods of return current detection in the mA–10 kA range is presented, and the corresponding charge is compared to the charge determined using calibrated magnetic electron energy analysers. The influence of grounded and insulated targets on the number of escaped electrons and EMP intensity is discussed. In addition to EMP detection, mapping of the electrical potential near the target is mentioned. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Plasma Science 2023)
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26 pages, 2456 KiB  
Review
The Phenomenon of a Cathode Spot in an Electrical Arc: The Current Understanding of the Mechanism of Cathode Heating and Plasma Generation
by Isak I. Beilis
Plasma 2024, 7(2), 329-354; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma7020019 - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1507
Abstract
A vacuum arc is an electrical discharge, in which the current is supported by localized cathode heating and plasma generation in minute regions at the cathode surface called cathode spots. Cathode spots produce a metallic plasma jet used in many applications (microelectronics, space [...] Read more.
A vacuum arc is an electrical discharge, in which the current is supported by localized cathode heating and plasma generation in minute regions at the cathode surface called cathode spots. Cathode spots produce a metallic plasma jet used in many applications (microelectronics, space thrusters, film deposition, etc.). Nevertheless, the cathode spot is a problematic and unique subject. For a long time, the mechanisms of spot initiation, time development, instability, high mobility, and behavior in magnetic fields have been described by approaches that caused some controversy. These spot characteristics were discussed in numerous publications over many years. The obscurity and confusion of different studies created the impression that the cathode spot is a mysterious phenomenon. In the present work, a number of typical representative publications are reviewed with the intention of clarifying problems and contradictions. Two main theories of cathodic arcs are presented along with an analysis of the experimental data. One of the approaches illustrates the cathode heating by Joule energy dissipation (volume heat source, a sharp rise in current density, etc.), nearly constant cathode potential drop, and other certain initial conditions. On the other hand, a study using a mathematically closed approach shows that the spot initiation and development are determined not by electron emission current rise but by a rise in arc power density, affecting heat sources including the energy of ion flux to the cathode (surface heat source). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Plasma Science 2023)
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25 pages, 2858 KiB  
Review
Cold Atmospheric Plasma Medicine: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities for Predictive Control
by Ali Kazemi, McKayla J. Nicol, Sven G. Bilén, Girish S. Kirimanjeswara and Sean D. Knecht
Plasma 2024, 7(1), 233-257; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma7010014 - 16 Mar 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 7088
Abstract
Plasma medicine is an emerging field that applies the science and engineering of physical plasma to biomedical applications. Low-temperature plasma, also known as cold plasma, is generated via the ionization of atoms in a gas, generally via exposure to strong electric fields, and [...] Read more.
Plasma medicine is an emerging field that applies the science and engineering of physical plasma to biomedical applications. Low-temperature plasma, also known as cold plasma, is generated via the ionization of atoms in a gas, generally via exposure to strong electric fields, and consists of ions, free radicals, and molecules at varying energy states. Plasmas generated at low temperatures (approximately room temperature) have been used for applications in dermatology, oncology, and anti-microbial strategies. Despite current and ongoing clinical use, the exact mechanisms of action and the full range of effects of cold plasma treatment on cells are only just beginning to be understood. Direct and indirect effects of plasma on immune cells have the potential to be utilized for various applications such as immunomodulation, anti-infective therapies, and regulating inflammation. In this review, we combine diverse expertise in the fields of plasma chemistry, device design, and immunobiology to cover the history and current state of plasma medicine, basic plasma chemistry and their implications, the effects of cold atmospheric plasma on host cells with their potential immunological consequences, future directions, and the outlook and recommendations for plasma medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Plasma Science 2023)
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32 pages, 12144 KiB  
Review
Optimal Conditions for the Generation of Runaway Electrons in High-Pressure Gases
by Andrey Kozyrev and Victor Tarasenko
Plasma 2024, 7(1), 201-232; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma7010013 - 15 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1560
Abstract
Runaway electron (RAE) generation in high-pressure gases is an important physical phenomenon that significantly influences discharge shapes and properties of initiated plasma. The diffuse discharges formed due to RAEs in the air and other gases at atmospheric pressure find wide applications. In the [...] Read more.
Runaway electron (RAE) generation in high-pressure gases is an important physical phenomenon that significantly influences discharge shapes and properties of initiated plasma. The diffuse discharges formed due to RAEs in the air and other gases at atmospheric pressure find wide applications. In the present review, theoretical and experimental results that explain the reason for RAE occurrence at high pressures are analyzed, and recommendations are given for the implementation of conditions under which the runaway electron beam (RAEB) with the highest current can be obtained at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results were obtained using subnanosecond, nanosecond, and submicrosecond generators, including those specially developed for runaway electron generation. The RAEBs were recorded using oscilloscopes and collectors with picosecond time resolution. To theoretically describe the phenomenon of continuous electron acceleration, the method of physical kinetics was used based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation that takes into account the minimum but sufficient number of elementary processes, including shock gas ionization and elastic electron scattering. The results of modeling allowed the main factors to be established that control the RAE appearance, the most important of which is electron scattering on neutral atoms and/or molecules. Theoretical modeling has allowed the influence of various parameters (including the voltage, pressure, gas type, and geometrical characteristics of the discharge gap) to be taken into account. The results of the research presented here allow RAE accelerators with desirable parameters to be developed and the possibility of obtaining diffuse discharges to be accessed under various conditions. The review consists of the Introduction, five sections, the Conclusion, and the References. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Plasma Science 2023)
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18 pages, 3294 KiB  
Review
Plasma-Driven Sciences: Exploring Complex Interactions at Plasma Boundaries
by Kenji Ishikawa, Kazunori Koga and Noriyasu Ohno
Plasma 2024, 7(1), 160-177; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma7010011 - 27 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2569
Abstract
Plasma-driven science is defined as the artificial control of physical plasma-driven phenomena based on complex interactions between nonequilibrium open systems. Recently, peculiar phenomena related to physical plasma have been discovered in plasma boundary regions, either naturally or artificially. Because laboratory plasma can be [...] Read more.
Plasma-driven science is defined as the artificial control of physical plasma-driven phenomena based on complex interactions between nonequilibrium open systems. Recently, peculiar phenomena related to physical plasma have been discovered in plasma boundary regions, either naturally or artificially. Because laboratory plasma can be produced under nominal conditions around atmospheric pressure and room temperature, phenomena related to the interaction of plasma with liquid solutions and living organisms at the plasma boundaries are emerging. Currently, the relationships between these complex interactions should be solved using science-based data-driven approaches; these approaches require a reliable and comprehensive database of dynamic changes in the chemical networks of elementary reactions. Consequently, the elucidation of the mechanisms governing plasma-driven phenomena and the discovery of the latent actions behind these plasma-driven phenomena will be realized through plasma-driven science. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Plasma Science 2023)
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20 pages, 4928 KiB  
Review
A Tutorial on the One-Dimensional Theory of Electron-Beam Space-Charge Effect and Steady-State Virtual Cathode
by Weihua Jiang
Plasma 2024, 7(1), 29-48; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma7010003 - 5 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2104
Abstract
The space-charge effects of pulsed high-current electron beams are very important to high-power particle beam accelerators and high-power microwave devices. The related physical phenomena have been studied for decades, and a large number of informative publications can be found in numerous scientific journals [...] Read more.
The space-charge effects of pulsed high-current electron beams are very important to high-power particle beam accelerators and high-power microwave devices. The related physical phenomena have been studied for decades, and a large number of informative publications can be found in numerous scientific journals over many years. This review article is aimed at systematically summarizing most of the previous findings in a logical manner. Using a normalized one-dimensional mathematical model, analytical solutions have been obtained for the space-charge-limited current of both planar diode and drifting space. In addition, in the case of a beam current higher than the space-charge-limited current, the virtual cathode behavior and beam current reflection are quantitively studied. Furthermore, the criteria of steady-state virtual cathode formation are investigated, which leads to the physical understanding of the unstable nature of the virtual cathode. This review article is expected to serve as an integrated source of related information for young researchers and students working on high-power microwaves and pulsed particle beams. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Plasma Science 2023)
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17 pages, 7958 KiB  
Review
Flexible Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet Sources
by Carles Corbella, Sabine Portal and Michael Keidar
Plasma 2023, 6(1), 72-88; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma6010007 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6523
Abstract
The properties of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) make them suitable for industrial and biomedical applications. They show many advantages when it comes to local and precise surface treatments, and there is interest in upgrading their performance for irradiation on large areas [...] Read more.
The properties of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) make them suitable for industrial and biomedical applications. They show many advantages when it comes to local and precise surface treatments, and there is interest in upgrading their performance for irradiation on large areas and uneven surfaces. The generation of charged species (electrons and ions) and reactive species (radicals), together with emitted UV photons, enables a rich plasma chemistry that should be uniform on arbitrary sample profiles. Lateral gradients in plasma parameters from multi-jets should, therefore, be minimized and addressed by means of plasma monitoring techniques, such as electrical diagnostics and optical emission spectroscopy analysis (OES). This article briefly reviews the main strategies adopted to build morphing APPJ arrays and ultra-flexible and long tubes to project cold plasma jets. Basic aspects, such as inter-jet interactions and nozzle shape, have also been discussed, as well as potential applications in the fields of polymer processing and plasma medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Plasma Science 2023)
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