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Physiological Mechanisms and Adaptation Strategies to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance...
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Physiological Mechanisms and Adaptation Strategies to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2022) | Viewed by 7118

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xiao Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: abiotic stress physiology; crop yield and quality; stress induced priming; carbon use efficiency; plant hormone regulation; redox homeostasis; transcroptomics; proteomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Renhe Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Interests: drought stresses; physiological mechanisms; photosynthesis; C and N metabolites regulation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Abiotic stresses such as high temperature, low temperature, drought, and flooding are known as the major constraints for crop growth and yield production. Following global climate change, the frequency and severity of the above extreme stress events are predicted to be greatly increased. This obviously raises the risk to cereal supply and global food security.

Many efforts have been done to reveal the underlying mechanisms in response to abiotic stresses; however, many results are from model plants, and the mechanisms are far from clear in crop plants. Furthermore, adaptation strategies are required to improve crop stress tolerance in order to sustain crop yield and food security under more variable climate scenarios in the future. For example, priming, by pre-exposure of plants to an eliciting factor, enables plants to be more tolerant to later biotic or abiotic stress events, induces intra- and trans-generational thermo-tolerance. Priming compared with conventional breeding is time-saving, and is suggested to be a promising strategy for plants to cope with abiotic stresses. Deeply understanding the mechanisms of plant abiotic stress response and adaptation strategies will help breed new stress-resistant crop cultivars and provide theoretical and technical support for the construction of stress-resistant cultivation techniques.

This Special Issue of Plants will highlight the potential physiological mechanisms in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants, including carbon use efficiency, redox homeostasis, metabolites regulation, plant hormone regulation, epigenetics and so on. Furthermore, adaptation strategies or approaches are also welcome to better adapt to the uncertain climate.

Prof. Dr. Xiao Wang
Dr. Renhe Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • crop yield and quality
  • abiotic stresses
  • physiological mechanisms
  • priming
  • epigenetics
  • plant hormone
  • transcroptomics
  • proteomics

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 3050 KiB  
Article
Mitigation of Negative Effects of Chromium (VI) Toxicity in Faba Bean (Vicia faba) Plants through the Supplementation of Kinetin (KN) and Gibberellic Acid (GA3)
by Pravej Alam, Maged A. Azzam, Thamer Al Balawi, Vaseem Raja, Javaid Akhter Bhat and Parvaiz Ahmad
Plants 2022, 11(23), 3302; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233302 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1586
Abstract
The present study was carried out to explore the possible role of kinetin and gibberellic acid (GA3) on faba bean under chromium (Cr) stress. Cr treatment negatively affected growth and biomass production, reduced photosynthetic pigments, and inhibited photosynthesis, gas exchange parameters, antioxidant enzymes, [...] Read more.
The present study was carried out to explore the possible role of kinetin and gibberellic acid (GA3) on faba bean under chromium (Cr) stress. Cr treatment negatively affected growth and biomass production, reduced photosynthetic pigments, and inhibited photosynthesis, gas exchange parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and the glyoxylase cycle. Moreover, Cr stress enhanced the production of malondialdehyde (MDA, 216.11%) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 230.16%), electrolyte leakage (EL, 293.30%), and the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine. Exogenous application of kinetin and GA3 increased growth and biomass, improved pigment contents and photosynthesis, as well as up-regulated the antioxidant system by improving the antioxidant enzyme activities and the content of nonenzymatic components, and the glyoxylase cycle. Additionally, kinetin and GA3 application displayed a considerable enhancement in proline (602.61%) and glycine betaine (423.72), which help the plants to maintain water balance under stress. Furthermore, a decline in Cr uptake was also observed due to kinetin and GA3 application. Exogenous application of kinetin and GA3 ameliorated the toxic effects of Cr in faba bean plants, up-shooting the tolerance mechanisms, including osmolyte metabolism and the antioxidant system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Mechanisms and Adaptation Strategies to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants)
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14 pages, 2565 KiB  
Article
Biochemical and Transcriptional Responses in Cold-Acclimated and Non-Acclimated Contrasting Camelina Biotypes under Freezing Stress
by Jahad Soorni, Seyed Kamal Kazemitabar, Danial Kahrizi, Ali Dehestani, Nadali Bagheri, Attila Kiss, Péter Gergő Kovács, István Papp and Iman Mirmazloum
Plants 2022, 11(22), 3178; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223178 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1431
Abstract
Cold-acclimated and non-acclimated contrasting Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) biotypes were investigated for changes in stress-associated biomarkers, including antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, protein, and proline content. In addition, a well-known freezing tolerance pathway participant known as C-repeat/DRE-binding factors (CBFs), an inducer of [...] Read more.
Cold-acclimated and non-acclimated contrasting Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) biotypes were investigated for changes in stress-associated biomarkers, including antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, protein, and proline content. In addition, a well-known freezing tolerance pathway participant known as C-repeat/DRE-binding factors (CBFs), an inducer of CBF expression (ICE1), and a cold-regulated (COR6.6) genes of the ICE-CBF-COR pathway were studied at the transcriptional level on the doubled-haploid (DH) lines. Freezing stress had significant effects on all studied parameters. The cold-acclimated DH34 (a freezing-tolerant line) showed an overall better performance under freezing stress than non-acclimated plants. The non-cold-acclimated DH08 (a frost-sensitive line) showed the highest electrolyte leakage after freezing stress. The highest activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) was also detected in non-acclimated plants, whereas the cold-acclimated plants showed lower enzyme activities upon stress treatment. Cold acclimation had a significantly positive effect on the total protein and proline content of stressed plants. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed significant differences in the expression and cold-inducibility of CsCBF1-3, CsICE1, and CsCOR6.6 genes among the samples of different treatments. The highest expression of all CBF genes was recorded in the non-acclimated frost-tolerant biotype after freezing stress. Interestingly a significantly higher expression of COR6.6 was detected in cold-acclimated samples of both frost-sensitive and -tolerant biotypes after freezing stress. The presented results provide more insights into freezing tolerance mechanisms in the Camelina plant from both a biochemical point of view and the expression of the associated genes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Mechanisms and Adaptation Strategies to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants)
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18 pages, 3965 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the SRS Gene Family in Melilotus albus Reveals Functions in Various Stress Conditions
by Biao Ma, Lili Nian, Noor ul Ain, Xuelu Liu, Yingbo Yang, Xiaolin Zhu, Fasih Ullah Haider, Ying Lv, Pengpeng Bai, Xiaoning Zhang, Quanxi Li, Zixuan Mao and Zongyang Xue
Plants 2022, 11(22), 3101; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223101 - 15 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1723
Abstract
The plant-specific SHI-related sequence (SRS) family of transcription factors plays a vital role in growth regulation, plant development, phytohormone biosynthesis, and stress response. However, the genome-wide identification and role in the abiotic stress-related functions of the SRS gene family were [...] Read more.
The plant-specific SHI-related sequence (SRS) family of transcription factors plays a vital role in growth regulation, plant development, phytohormone biosynthesis, and stress response. However, the genome-wide identification and role in the abiotic stress-related functions of the SRS gene family were not reported in white sweet clover (Melilotus albus). In this study, nine M. albus SRS genes (named MaSRS01-MaSRS09) were identified via a genome-wide search method. All nine genes were located on six out of eight chromosomes in the genome of M. albus and duplication analysis indicated eight segmentally duplicated genes in the MaSRS family. These MaSRS genes were classified into six groups based on their phylogenetic relationships. The gene structure and motif composition results indicated that MaSRS members in the same group contained analogous intron/exon and motif organizations. Further, promoter region analysis of MaSRS genes uncovered various growth, development, and stress-responsive cis-acting elements. Protein interaction networks showed that each gene has both functions of interacting with other genes and members within the family. Moreover, real-time quantitative PCR was also performed to verify the expression patterns of nine MaSRS genes in the leaves of M. albus. The results showed that nine MaSRSs were up- and down-regulated at different time points after various stress treatments, such as salinity, low-temperature, salicylic acid (SA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). This is the first systematic study of the M. albus SRS gene family, and it can serve as a strong foundation for further elucidation of the stress response and physiological improvement of the growth functions in M. albus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Mechanisms and Adaptation Strategies to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants)
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18 pages, 4301 KiB  
Article
Waterlogging Priming Enhances Hypoxia Stress Tolerance of Wheat Offspring Plants by Regulating Root Phenotypic and Physiological Adaption
by Kai Feng, Xiao Wang, Qin Zhou, Tingbo Dai, Weixing Cao, Dong Jiang and Jian Cai
Plants 2022, 11(15), 1969; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11151969 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1620
Abstract
With global climate change, waterlogging stress is becoming more frequent. Waterlogging stress inhibits root growth and physiological metabolism, which ultimately leads to yield loss in wheat. Waterlogging priming has been proven to effectively enhance waterlogging tolerance in wheat. However, it is not known [...] Read more.
With global climate change, waterlogging stress is becoming more frequent. Waterlogging stress inhibits root growth and physiological metabolism, which ultimately leads to yield loss in wheat. Waterlogging priming has been proven to effectively enhance waterlogging tolerance in wheat. However, it is not known whether waterlogging priming can improve the offspring’s waterlogging resistance. Here, wheat seeds that applied waterlogging priming for one generation, two generations and three generations are separately used to test the hypoxia stress tolerance in wheat, and the physiological mechanisms are evaluated. Results found that progeny of primed plants showed higher plant biomass by enhancing the net photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme activity. Consequently, more sugars are transported to roots, providing a metabolic substrate for anaerobic respiration and producing more ATP to maintain the root growth in the progeny of primed plants compared with non-primed plants. Furthermore, primed plants’ offspring promote ethylene biosynthesis and further induce the formation of a higher rate of aerenchyma in roots. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the waterlogging tolerance of wheat. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Mechanisms and Adaptation Strategies to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants)
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