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Molecular Genetics of Disease Resistance in Fruits
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Molecular Genetics of Disease Resistance in Fruits

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Protection and Biotic Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2023) | Viewed by 8459

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yue Ma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Interests: plant-microbe interactions; disease resistance; molecular genetics
Dr. Krishna Puri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Interests: soil microbiome study; resistant breeding; pathogen population biology; biocontrol regulatory plant pathology; plant disease diagnosis; plant disease management (foliar and soil-borne diseases employing host resistance and/ biocontrol)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of the fruit industry is limited by disease. The most effective strategies for overcoming diseases in fruit include selecting disease-resistant fruit resources and developing disease-resistant varieties via breeding. Therefore, it is crucial to identify new candidate genes and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying disease resistance in fruit.

This Special issue of Plants will highlight the understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of fruit response to disease and coordination of growth and tolerance. The main topics include, but are not limited to:

  • New fungal and oomycete resistance genes, proteins and natural compounds;
  • Hormone homeostasis and signaling in disease response;
  • Fruit defense mechanisms.

Prof. Dr. Yue Ma
Dr. Krishna Puri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fruit
  • disease resistance
  • phytohormone
  • transcriptional regulation
  • post-translation modification

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3426 KiB  
Article
Actin-Depolymerizing Factor Gene Family Analysis Revealed That CsADF4 Increased the Sensitivity of Sweet Orange to Bacterial Pathogens
by Jing Xu, Suming Dai, Xue Wang, Alessandra Gentile, Zhuo Zhang, Qingxiang Xie, Yajun Su, Dazhi Li and Bing Wang
Plants 2023, 12(17), 3054; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12173054 - 25 Aug 2023
Viewed by 845
Abstract
The actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) gene family regulates changes in actin. However, the entire ADF family in the sweet orange Citrus sinensis has not been systematically identified, and their expressions in different organs and biotic stress have not been determined. In this study, through [...] Read more.
The actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) gene family regulates changes in actin. However, the entire ADF family in the sweet orange Citrus sinensis has not been systematically identified, and their expressions in different organs and biotic stress have not been determined. In this study, through phylogenetic analysis of the sweet orange ADF gene family, seven CsADFs were found to be highly conserved and sparsely distributed across the four chromosomes. Analysis of the cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region showed that the CsADF gene had the potential to impact the development of sweet oranges under biotic or abiotic stress. Quantitative fluorescence analysis was then performed. Seven CsADFs were differentially expressed against the invasion of Xcc and CLas pathogens. It is worth noting that the expression of CsADF4 was significantly up-regulated at 4 days post-infection. Subcellular localization results showed that CsADF4 was localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Overexpression of CsADF4 enhanced the sensitivity of sweet orange leaves to Xcc. These results suggest that CsADFs may regulate the interaction of C. sinensis and bacterial pathogens, providing a way to further explore the function and mechanisms of ADF in the sweet orange. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics of Disease Resistance in Fruits)
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17 pages, 1815 KiB  
Article
Preventive and Curative Effects of Salicylic and Methyl Salicylic Acid Having Antifungal Potential against Monilinia laxa and the Development of Phenolic Response in Apple Peel
by Sasa Gacnik, Alenka Munda, Robert Veberic, Metka Hudina and Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
Plants 2023, 12(8), 1584; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081584 - 08 Apr 2023
Viewed by 970
Abstract
The effects of salicylic acid (SA) and one of its better-known derivatives—methyl salicylic acid (MeSA)—on the infection of apple fruits with the fungus Monilinia laxa, which causes brown rot, were investigated. Since research to date has focused on preventive effects, we also [...] Read more.
The effects of salicylic acid (SA) and one of its better-known derivatives—methyl salicylic acid (MeSA)—on the infection of apple fruits with the fungus Monilinia laxa, which causes brown rot, were investigated. Since research to date has focused on preventive effects, we also focused on the curative use of SA and MeSA. Curative use of SA and MeSA slowed the progression of the infection. In contrast, preventive use was generally unsuccessful. HPLC–MS was used to analyze the content of phenolic compounds in apple peels in healthy and boundary peel tissues around lesions. The boundary tissue around the lesions of untreated infected apple peel had up to 2.2-times higher content of total analyzed phenolics (TAPs) than that in the control. Flavanols, hydroxycinnamic acids and dihydrochalcones were also higher in the boundary tissue. During the curative treatment with salicylates, the ratio of TAP content between healthy and boundary tissue was lower (SA up to 1.2-times higher and MeSA up to 1.3-times higher content of TAPs in boundary compared to those in healthy tissue) at the expense of also increasing the content in healthy tissues. The results confirm that salicylates and infection with the fungus M. laxa cause an increased content of phenolic compounds. Curative use of salicylates has a greater potential than preventive use in infection control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics of Disease Resistance in Fruits)
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15 pages, 5238 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Characterization of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Gene Family and Their Expression Patterns in Response to Drought and Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides in Walnut (Juglans regia)
by Kaiyu Yang, Jianghao Wu, Xialei Wang, Han Li, Peng Jia, Haoan Luan, Xuemei Zhang, Suping Guo, Minsheng Yang, Qinglong Dong and Guohui Qi
Plants 2023, 12(3), 586; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030586 - 29 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1479
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a family of Ser/Thr (serine/threonine) protein kinases that play very important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stressors. However, the MAPK gene family in the important crop walnut (Juglans regia L.) has been less well [...] Read more.
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a family of Ser/Thr (serine/threonine) protein kinases that play very important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stressors. However, the MAPK gene family in the important crop walnut (Juglans regia L.) has been less well studied compared with other species. We discovered 25 JrMAPK members in the Juglans genome in this study. The JrMAPK gene family was separated into four subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis, and members of the same subgroup had similar motifs and exons/introns. A variety of cis-acting elements, mainly related to the light response, growth and development, stress response, and hormone responses, were detected in the JrMAPK gene promoters. Collinearity analysis showed that purification selection was the main driving force in JrMAPK gene evolution, and segmental and tandem duplications played key roles in the expansion of the JrMAPK gene family. The RNA-Seq (RNA Sequencing) results indicated that many of the JrMAPK genes were expressed in response to different levels of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection. JrMAPK1, JrMAPK3, JrMAPK4, JrMAPK5, JrMAPK6, JrMAPK7, JrMAPK9, JrMAPK11, JrMAPK12, JrMAPK13, JrMAPK17, JrMAPK19, JrMAPK20, and JrMAPK21 were upregulated at the transcriptional level in response to the drought stress treatment. The results of this study will help in further investigations of the evolutionary history and biological functions of the MAPK gene family in walnut. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics of Disease Resistance in Fruits)
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12 pages, 3412 KiB  
Article
MdWRKY120 Enhance Apple Susceptibility to Alternaria alternata
by Lifu Liu, Xiaoming Li, Wei Guo, Jiajun Shi, Wenjun Chen, Yingying Lei, Yue Ma and Hongyan Dai
Plants 2022, 11(23), 3389; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233389 - 05 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1415
Abstract
Alternaria alternata (A. alternata) is a common pathogen that greatly influences apples’ quantity and quality. However, chemical treatments produce increased health risks along with decreased food and environmental safety. Advancements in plant molecular biology, such as transgenic technology, have increased apple trees’ [...] Read more.
Alternaria alternata (A. alternata) is a common pathogen that greatly influences apples’ quantity and quality. However, chemical treatments produce increased health risks along with decreased food and environmental safety. Advancements in plant molecular biology, such as transgenic technology, have increased apple trees’ resistance to pathogens and have therefore attracted widespread attention. WRKY transcription factors are involved in abiotic and biotic stress regulation; however, their biological role in non-model plants such as apple, is still unknown. In this investigation, MdWRKY120 was isolated from the ‘GL-3′ apple to determine its function during Alternaria alternate infection. The MdWRKY120-GFP fusion protein was located in the nucleus. MdWRKY120 in yeast cells exhibited activating transcriptional activity, meaning it is a transcription activator. MdWRKY120 overexpression transgenic plants were more sensitive to A. alternata, while RNAi transgenic plants showed increased resistance to A. alternata. This investigation demonstrates that MdWRKY120 enhances the susceptibility of apples to A. alternata. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics of Disease Resistance in Fruits)
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16 pages, 3126 KiB  
Article
MIR390 Is Involved in Regulating Anthracnose Resistance in Apple
by Jiajun Shi, Qiu Jiang, Shuyuan Zhang, Xinyu Dai, Feng Wang and Yue Ma
Plants 2022, 11(23), 3299; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233299 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1319
Abstract
As an important cash crop in China, apple has a good flavor and is rich in nutrients. Fungal attacks have become a major obstacle in apple cultivation. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the most devastating fungal pathogens in apple. Thus, discovering resistance genes [...] Read more.
As an important cash crop in China, apple has a good flavor and is rich in nutrients. Fungal attacks have become a major obstacle in apple cultivation. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the most devastating fungal pathogens in apple. Thus, discovering resistance genes in response to C. gloeosporioides may aid in designing safer control strategies and facilitate the development of apple resistance breeding. A previous study reported that ‘Hanfu’ autotetraploid apple displayed higher C. gloeosporioides resistance than ‘Hanfu’ apple, and the expression level of mdm-MIR390b was significantly upregulated in autotetraploid plants compared to that in ‘Hanfu’ plants, as demonstrated by digital gene expression (DGE) analysis. It is still unclear, however, whether mdm-MIR390b regulates apple anthracnose resistance. Apple MIR390b was transformed into apple ‘GL-3′ plants to identify the functions of mdm-MIR390b in anthracnose resistance. C. gloeosporioides treatment analysis indicated that the overexpression of mdm-MIR390b reduced fungal damage to apple leaves and fruit. Physiology analysis showed that mdm-MIR390b increased C. gloeosporioides resistance by improving superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity to alleviate the damage caused by O2− and H2O2. Our results demonstrate that mdm-MIR390b can improve apple plants’ anthracnose resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics of Disease Resistance in Fruits)
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17 pages, 7405 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Characterization, Identification and Expression Profile of MYB Transcription Factor Gene Family during Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in Mango (Mangifera indica)
by He Zhang, Zhixin Liu, Ruixiong Luo, Yu Sun, Cuifeng Yang, Xi Li, Aiping Gao and Jinji Pu
Plants 2022, 11(22), 3141; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223141 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1894
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica) is an economically important fruit tree, and is cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and dry-hot valley areas around the world. Mango fruits have high nutritional value, and are mainly consumed fresh and used for commercial purposes. Mango is affected [...] Read more.
Mango (Mangifera indica) is an economically important fruit tree, and is cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and dry-hot valley areas around the world. Mango fruits have high nutritional value, and are mainly consumed fresh and used for commercial purposes. Mango is affected by various environmental factors during its growth and development. The MYB transcription factors participates in various physiological activities of plants, such as phytohormone signal transduction and disease resistance. In this study, 54 MiMYB transcription factors were identified in the mango genome (371.6 Mb). A phylogenetic tree was drawn based on the amino acid sequences of 222 MYB proteins of mango and Arabidopsis. The phylogenetic tree showed that the members of the mango MYB gene family were divided into 7 group, including Groups 1, -3, -4, -5, -6, -8, and -9. Ka/Ks ratios generally indicated that the MiMYBs of mango were affected by negative or positive selection. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the transcription levels of MiMYBs were different under abiotic and biotic stresses, including salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and H2O2 treatments, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae infection, respectively. The transcript levels of MiMYB5, -35, -36, and -54 simultaneously responded positively to early treatments with salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and H2O2. The transcript level of MiMYB54 was activated by pathogenic fungal and bacterial infection. These results are beneficial for future interested researchers aiming to understand the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of MiMYB genes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics of Disease Resistance in Fruits)
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