Phytochemical Insights into Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Aromatic, Medicinal, and Food Plants: Regulation, Stress Response, and Bioactive Potential

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 1353

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Farmacy, Via Bonanno Pisano 12, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: extraction techniques; GCMS; natural products; phytochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43125 Parma, Italy
Interests: edible flowers; ornamental plants; postharvest; plant physiology; bioactive compounds; volatile organic compounds; in vitro tissue culture and plant propagation; nutraceuticals; functional food
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants produce a variety of low-molecular-weight organic metabolites, characterized by diverse chemical structures and a wide range of biological activities. Primary metabolites (PMs) are essential for plant sustenance and growth, while secondary metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in non-vital but important functions such as plant protection against abiotic and biotic stresses, attracting pollinators (through color, aroma, and taste), plant–plant competition, and plant–microorganism symbiosis. Aromatic, medicinal, and food plants have long been recognized as key sources of SMs and are extensively utilized in the production of drugs, perfumes, fragrances, natural dyes, spices, food flavorings, preservatives, and natural ingredients in cosmetics or dietary supplements.

Currently, there is a growing focus on high-performance identification technologies for plant SMs, focusing on how external factors influence their induction and regulation. This also includes the profiling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chemotaxonomy, functional foods, and metabolomics. Particular attention must be given to biotic and abiotic stresses, highly relevant topics which are closely tied to climate change.

This Special Issue invites research on the phytochemical composition of both cultivated and wild aromatic, medicinal, and food plants, with an emphasis on their aromatic profile, phytonutritional content, and plant responses to various stressors. Submissions covering innovative methodologies for the extraction, isolation, and identification of plant SMs, their bioactive properties, and industrial applications are also welcome.

Dr. Basma Najar
Dr. Ilaria Marchioni
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • volatile organic compounds
  • essential oils
  • primary and secondary metabolites
  • functional food
  • nutraceuticals
  • bioactive properties
  • phytochemistry
  • metabolomics
  • plant stress response
  • aromatic plants
  • medicinal plants
  • food plants

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 1629 KiB  
Article
Natural Diversity in Total Phenol, Flavonoids, Antioxidant Properties, and Essential Oil Composition of Iranian Populations of Myrtus communis L.
by Reza Yarahmadi, Hasan Mumivand, Abdollah Ehtesham Nia, Mohamad Reza Raji and Sergio Argento
Plants 2024, 13(24), 3458; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13243458 - 10 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1055
Abstract
Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), widely valued for its aromatic leaves and essential oil, plays a significant role in traditional medicine and modern phytotherapy. The variability in its essential oil composition and bioactive compounds across different populations underscores its potential for novel therapeutic discoveries [...] Read more.
Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), widely valued for its aromatic leaves and essential oil, plays a significant role in traditional medicine and modern phytotherapy. The variability in its essential oil composition and bioactive compounds across different populations underscores its potential for novel therapeutic discoveries and agricultural utilization. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical diversity of 12 selected Iranian M. communis populations in their natural habitats. Leaf samples were collected in 2023 from these native habitats to assess various parameters, including phenolic compounds (total phenols and total flavonoids), antioxidant capacity, essential oil content, and essential oil composition. The results indicated significant variations in phenolic content and antioxidant capacity across the populations. The Khoraman population, used as a control, exhibited the highest levels of total phenols and flavonoids, followed by the Sar-sarab and Yazd populations, while the Poldokhtar and Kermanshah populations showed the lowest levels. Additionally, the Poldokhtar and Hormozgan populations demonstrated the highest antioxidant capacities. Essential oil content ranged from 0.480 to 1.478%, with the Khoraman and Padeghan populations having the highest percentages of 1.631 and 1.478%, respectively. GC/MS analysis identified 29 distinct compounds in the essential oils, with major components including 1,8-cineole (22.34 to 45.66%), α-pinene (19.25 to 35.96%), linalool (7.79 to 18.76%), and α-terpineol (5.26 to 9.17%). The myrtle populations were categorized into four groups: (1) Khoraman; (2) Shiraz and Yazd; (3) Ilam, Sar-sarab, Poldokhtar, and Padeghan; and (4) Khuzestan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Kohgiluyeh–Boyer–Ahmad, and Hormozgan. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) corroborated the cluster analysis results, as populations within each group displayed similar distributions in the biplot. Full article
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