Phytochemical Insights into Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Aromatic, Medicinal, and Food Plants: Regulation, Stress Response, and Bioactive Potential

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2026 | Viewed by 2986

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Farmacy, Via Bonanno Pisano 12, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: extraction techniques; GCMS; natural products; phytochemistry
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Guest Editor
Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, CREA, Via dei Fiori 8, 51017 Pescia (PT), Italy
Interests: edible flowers; ornamental plants; postharvest; plant physiology; bioactive compounds; volatile organic compounds; in vitro tissue culture and plant propagation; nutraceuticals; functional food
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants produce a variety of low-molecular-weight organic metabolites, characterized by diverse chemical structures and a wide range of biological activities. Primary metabolites (PMs) are essential for plant sustenance and growth, while secondary metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in non-vital but important functions such as plant protection against abiotic and biotic stresses, attracting pollinators (through color, aroma, and taste), plant–plant competition, and plant–microorganism symbiosis. Aromatic, medicinal, and food plants have long been recognized as key sources of SMs and are extensively utilized in the production of drugs, perfumes, fragrances, natural dyes, spices, food flavorings, preservatives, and natural ingredients in cosmetics or dietary supplements.

Currently, there is a growing focus on high-performance identification technologies for plant SMs, focusing on how external factors influence their induction and regulation. This also includes the profiling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chemotaxonomy, functional foods, and metabolomics. Particular attention must be given to biotic and abiotic stresses, highly relevant topics which are closely tied to climate change.

This Special Issue invites research on the phytochemical composition of both cultivated and wild aromatic, medicinal, and food plants, with an emphasis on their aromatic profile, phytonutritional content, and plant responses to various stressors. Submissions covering innovative methodologies for the extraction, isolation, and identification of plant SMs, their bioactive properties, and industrial applications are also welcome.

Dr. Basma Najar
Dr. Ilaria Marchioni
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • volatile organic compounds
  • essential oils
  • primary and secondary metabolites
  • functional food
  • nutraceuticals
  • bioactive properties
  • phytochemistry
  • metabolomics
  • plant stress response
  • aromatic plants
  • medicinal plants
  • food plants

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 2377 KB  
Article
Optimising Olive Leaf Phenolic Compounds: Cultivar and Temporal Interactions
by Igor Pasković, Mario Franić, Theocharis Chatzistathis, Paula Pongrac, Paula Žurga, Valerija Majetić Germek, Igor Palčić, Smiljana Goreta Ban, Mariem Zakraoui, Šime Marcelić, Jure Mravlje, Joško Kaliterna and Marija Polić Pasković
Plants 2025, 14(17), 2789; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14172789 - 5 Sep 2025
Viewed by 796
Abstract
All olive (Olea europaea L.) plant tissues have a high phenolic content. However, the effects of the cultivar and sampling period on the tissue phenolic content remain almost unknown; in addition, the interactions between nutrient uptake and leaf phenol concentrations have not [...] Read more.
All olive (Olea europaea L.) plant tissues have a high phenolic content. However, the effects of the cultivar and sampling period on the tissue phenolic content remain almost unknown; in addition, the interactions between nutrient uptake and leaf phenol concentrations have not been clarified. This study sampled olive leaves to explore how the cultivar, sampling period, and their interaction affect leaf phenol and nutrient concentrations. Leaves were collected from six cultivars during three seasonal periods: harvest (October; SP1), dormancy (January; SP2), and pruning (March; SP3). Five were Istrian cultivars (‘Bova’, ‘Buža muška’, ‘Buža puntoža’, ‘Istarska bjelica’, ‘Rošinjola’), and one was the Italian cultivar ‘Leccino’. Phenolic profiles in olive leaves were correlated with potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and copper (Cu) concentrations. However, significant correlations between these nutrients and oleuropein, verbascoside, and total phenolic content (TPC) were determined only for ‘Rošinjola’. Oleuropein was the most abundant phenolic compound, while among genotypes, ‘Buža muška’ showed the highest oleuropein levels across all sampling periods, indicating its potential source of oleuropein in olive leaves. Seasonal variations in olive leaf phenolic compounds appear to be strongly influenced by phenological phase, nutrient dynamics, and weather conditions, as confirmed by multivariate analysis across sampling periods and cultivars. The findings emphasise the importance of selecting both an appropriate cultivar and sampling period to maximise the accumulation of olive leaf phenolic compounds. Nevertheless, long-term experimentation on cultivars with a high leaf phenolic potential, like ‘Buža muška’ and ‘Rošinjola’, is necessary in order to develop appropriate farming strategies for maximising phenolic compounds with human or plant health benefits. Full article
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17 pages, 1629 KB  
Article
Natural Diversity in Total Phenol, Flavonoids, Antioxidant Properties, and Essential Oil Composition of Iranian Populations of Myrtus communis L.
by Reza Yarahmadi, Hasan Mumivand, Abdollah Ehtesham Nia, Mohamad Reza Raji and Sergio Argento
Plants 2024, 13(24), 3458; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13243458 - 10 Dec 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1668
Abstract
Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), widely valued for its aromatic leaves and essential oil, plays a significant role in traditional medicine and modern phytotherapy. The variability in its essential oil composition and bioactive compounds across different populations underscores its potential for novel therapeutic discoveries [...] Read more.
Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), widely valued for its aromatic leaves and essential oil, plays a significant role in traditional medicine and modern phytotherapy. The variability in its essential oil composition and bioactive compounds across different populations underscores its potential for novel therapeutic discoveries and agricultural utilization. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical diversity of 12 selected Iranian M. communis populations in their natural habitats. Leaf samples were collected in 2023 from these native habitats to assess various parameters, including phenolic compounds (total phenols and total flavonoids), antioxidant capacity, essential oil content, and essential oil composition. The results indicated significant variations in phenolic content and antioxidant capacity across the populations. The Khoraman population, used as a control, exhibited the highest levels of total phenols and flavonoids, followed by the Sar-sarab and Yazd populations, while the Poldokhtar and Kermanshah populations showed the lowest levels. Additionally, the Poldokhtar and Hormozgan populations demonstrated the highest antioxidant capacities. Essential oil content ranged from 0.480 to 1.478%, with the Khoraman and Padeghan populations having the highest percentages of 1.631 and 1.478%, respectively. GC/MS analysis identified 29 distinct compounds in the essential oils, with major components including 1,8-cineole (22.34 to 45.66%), α-pinene (19.25 to 35.96%), linalool (7.79 to 18.76%), and α-terpineol (5.26 to 9.17%). The myrtle populations were categorized into four groups: (1) Khoraman; (2) Shiraz and Yazd; (3) Ilam, Sar-sarab, Poldokhtar, and Padeghan; and (4) Khuzestan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Kohgiluyeh–Boyer–Ahmad, and Hormozgan. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) corroborated the cluster analysis results, as populations within each group displayed similar distributions in the biplot. Full article
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